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Background: Moral distress seriously affects professional nurses, and a number of instruments have been developed to measure the level of moral distress. The moral distress thermometer (MDT) is one of the commonly used instruments that can rapidly measure real-time moral distress; however, it remains unclear whether it is still useful in the Chinese cultural context. Aim: This study aimed to adapt and validate the MDT among Chinese registered nurses. Research design: An online, cross-sectional, survey study of adapting and validating Chinese version of MDT. Participants and research context: A total of 182 registered nurses effectively finished this survey. The correlation between MDT score and the score of the moral distress scale-revised version (MDS-R) was used for evaluating convergent validity, and MDT scores of registered nurses who working in different departments and who made different actions to the final question of the MDS-R were compared by using one-way ANOVA to evaluate construct validity. Ethical considerations: The Ethics Committee of Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital approved this study. Results: The Chinese version of MDT was described as relevant to measure moral distress, with a reported item-level content validity index (I-CVI) and scale-level CVI (S-CVI) of 1. The mean MDT score and mean MDS-R score were 2.54 and 38.66, respectively, and the correlation between these two scores was significantly moderate (r = 0.41). Nurses working different departments reported different levels of moral distress, and those working in intensive care unit reported the highest level of moral distress than those working in other departments (p = 0.04). The MDT scores between nurses who presented different actions to their position were also significantly different, and those who had ever left and those who had considered leaving but did not leave reported significantly higher moral distress. Conclusion: The MDT is a reliable, valid, and easy-to-use instrument to rapidly measure the real-time moral distress of registered nurses in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Household income predicts early adolescents' cognitive development. However, the mechanism underlying this association and protective factors are unclear. This study assessed one-year longitudinal data to examine whether perceived discrimination mediated the association between household income and executive function and the moderating role of shift-and-persist. 344 early adolescents in rural China were included in the study (mean = 10.88 years, SD = 1.32 years, girls: 51.74%). The latent variable model revealed that household income predicted early adolescents' cognitive flexibility and working memory in the subsequent year through perceived discrimination. Shift-and-persist moderated the negative effects of perceived discrimination on cognitive flexibility: perceived discrimination impeded cognitive flexibility only among early adolescents with low shift-and-persist. The findings highlight perceived discrimination in the relation between household income and early adolescents' executive function and underscore the protective role of shift-and-persist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poverty impedes children's executive function (EF). Therefore, it is necessary to mitigate the negative effect of poverty by developing efficient interventions to improve poor children's cognitive function. In three studies, we examined whether high‐level construals can improve EF among poor children in China. In Study 1, we observed a positive relationship between family socioeconomic status and children's EF, which was moderated by construal level (n = 206; Mage = 9.71; 45.6% girls). In Study 2a, we experimentally induced high‐ versus low‐level construals and found that poor children with high‐level construals exhibited better EF than those with low‐level construals (n = 65; Mage = 11.32; 47.7% girls). However, the same intervention did not affect the performance of affluent children in Study 2b (n = 63; Mage = 10.54; 54% girls). Moreover, we found that the interventional effects of high‐level construals improved the ability of children living in poverty to make healthy decisions and delayed gratification in Study 3 (n = 74; Mage = 11.10; 45.9% girls). These findings may have implications for using high‐level construals as an effective intervention to improve poor children's EF and cognitive capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) is a typical arboreal group-living Old World primate. While limb preference has been extensively studied in this species, limb preference consistency has not yet been explored. Here, based on 26 R. roxellana adults, we investigated whether individuals exhibit consistent motor biases in manual- (e.g., unimanual feeding and social grooming) and foot-related (e.g., bipedal locomotion) tasks and whether limb preference consistency is influenced by increased social interactions during social grooming. Results showed no consistency in the direction or strength of limb preference among tasks, except for lateral strength in handedness for unimanual feeding and footedness in the initiation of locomotion. Population-level foot preference was only found among right-handers. Marked lateral bias was found in unimanual feeding, indicating that it may be a sensitive behavioural measure for assessing manual preference, especially for provisioned populations. This study not only improves our understanding of the relationship between hand and foot preference in R. roxellana but also reveals potential differential hemispheric regulation of limb preference and the influence of increased social interaction on handedness consistency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To study the influence of hyperbilirubinemia on indexes of neonatal kidney function. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted September 2019 to March 2020 in Neonatology Department of Xuzhou Central Hospital. Neonates with gestational age ≥ 35 weeks and aged ≤ 7 days were included and divided into mild, moderate, and severe groups according to total serum bilirubin level. Epidemiologic and demographic data and daily urine output were recorded. Total serum bilirubin, serum creatinine, serum cystatin C, serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), urine NGAL, and kidney injury molecule-1 were tested before and 12~18 h after phototherapy. Parameters of kidney function were compared between groups. Results: Fifty-three, 52, and 49 neonates were included in the mild, moderate, and severe groups, respectively. Urine NGAL was higher in severe (1.36 ± 0.24 μg/L) compared to moderate (1.22 ± 0.19 μg/L) and mild groups (1.16 ± 0.19 μg/L), and differences were statistically significant (P = 0.004 and < 0.001, respectively). Urine NGAL was not significantly different between moderate and mild groups (P > 0.05). No significant differences in other kidney function indexes were observed between the three groups (all P > 0.05). Significant reduction in urine NGAL levels 12~18 h after stopping phototherapy was found in severe group ((1.17 ± 0.28) μg/L vs. (1.35 ± 0.23) μg/L, P < 0.001). Urine NGAL positively correlated with total serum bilirubin (r = 0.575, P < 0.001). Among all cases, neither serum creatinine nor daily urine output met neonatal acute kidney injury diagnostic criteria. Conclusion: Severe hyperbilirubinemia may temporarily impair renal tubular reabsorption functions in full-term and near-term neonates, which is likely reversible. However, it has little effect on glomerular filtration function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The correlations between a low family socioeconomic status (SES) and adolescents' poor academic outcomes have been widely documented. However, the mechanisms through which family SES is associated with adolescents' academic achievement are not well understood. Therefore, this study examined the mediating roles of different types of parental involvement (i.e., parental school-based involvement, academic socialization, and home-based involvement) and the moderating role of adolescents' subjective social mobility in the relationships between family SES and academic achievement by using multisource data. The valid sample consisted of 842 adolescents ( X ¯ age = 12.28 years, 40.97% girls) who were recruited from five township public schools in China. The results indicated that all three types of parental involvement partially mediated the relationships between family SES and adolescents' Chinese and math achievement; parental school-based involvement had the strongest mediating effects, followed by academic socialization, and home-based involvement had the lowest mediating effects. Moreover, the path from parental home-based involvement to Chinese achievement in the mediation model was moderated by the adolescents' subjective social mobility. In conclusion, parental involvement is an important mediating mechanism through which a low family SES impedes adolescents' academic achievement, and adolescents' subjective social mobility can play a buffering role in the relationship between parental home-based involvement and Chinese achievement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pseudomonas sp. QTF5 was isolated from the continuous permafrost near the bitumen layers in the Qiangtang basin of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in China (5,111 m above sea level). It is psychrotolerant and highly and widely tolerant to heavy metals and has the ability to metabolize benzoic acid and salicylic acid. To gain insight into the genetic basis for its adaptation, we performed whole genome sequencing and analyzed the resistant genes and metabolic pathways. Based on 120 published and annotated genomes representing 31 species in the genus Pseudomonas, in silico genomic DNA-DNA hybridization (<54%) and average nucleotide identity calculation (<94%) revealed that QTF5 is closest to Pseudomonas lini and should be classified into a novel species. This study provides the genetic basis to identify the genes linked to its specific mechanisms for adaptation to extreme environment and application of this microorganism in environmental conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]