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China's energy supply and energy use are closely linked to environmental degradation. The country's heavy reliance on coal, oil, and natural gas, as well as its rapidly growing demand for energy, have contributed to air and water pollution, soil erosion, and other environmental problems. To address these issues, China must transition to cleaner and more sustainable forms of energy and implement policies to reduce energy demand and promote conservation. This paper explores the impacts of total primary energy supply and energy use on environmental degradation in China, using international trade and economic growth as moderating variables from 1971 to 2019. The results indicate that the total primary energy supply is significant at a 1% significance level, which suggests that it strongly impacts the ecological footprint. Energy use and international trade are significant at a 5% level, indicating that they also influence ecological footprint, albeit to a lesser extent. Economic growth is significant at a 1% significance level, suggesting a strong positive association with the ecological footprint. Energy supply improves the environment in China, whereas energy use degrades the environment. Policymakers should focus on promoting energy efficiency in the industrial and transportation sectors. This can be achieved through the implementation of energy-saving technologies, the promotion of public transportation, and the development of low-carbon transportation systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of energy use not only sheds light on lightening the increasing pressures from energy systems but also improves the flexibility and reliability of power systems. As the highest carbon emission country in the world, detailed evaluation of China's carbon emission trading scheme (ETS) on the energy use is sensitive to energy sectors and highlights the importance of energy utilization in current society. Yet, because of the presence of a possible discontinuity caused by policy implementation, this study uses synthetic control method (SCM) to confirm whether there is a cutoff for energy use after the ETS implementation. Furthermore, threshold regression model is integrated to estimate the causal relationship when there is a discontinuity. SCM is used to verify which has caused the discontinuity for threshold regression model, and threshold regression model is used to quantify and estimate the causal relationship which SCM cannot evaluate. Through the data analysis, it is found that ETS makes effect on energy use deduction in most of pilot ETS regions while the effect is affected by economic development, population, industry, and research. Some suggestions on how to reduce energy use conclude this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most previous studies have studied the relationship among urbanization, energy use, and CO2 emissions. In this paper, Ordinary Least Square (OLS), Fixed Effects (FE), Prais-Winsten (PW), and First Differenced (FD) regression model approaches are applied to analyze the correlation among urbanization, energy use, and CO2 emissions in the interior provinces and eastern/coastal provinces of China. The results show that the impact of urbanization on CO2 emissions is not homogenous for all provinces. The eastern/coastal provinces have a different elasticity with respect to per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and urbanization than the interior provinces. Also, it’s possible an Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) exists for the eastern provinces but not for China as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon footprint (CF) research has attained tremendous popularity for improving the climate environment purposes. In particular, current energy use has been identified as the main cause of climate change. CF plays an irreplaceable role in managing energy use, reducing gas emissions, and improving climate change. The objective of this study was to review studies that have developed CF and to perform a bibliometric analysis using two key terms: "climate change" and "energy use". From bibliometric analysis using CiteSpace and VOSviewer, it was possible to establish a knowledge map of cooperative network structure and research evolution. We are aiming to reveal the main logical chain of CF research leading to climate change, to make up for the lack of current literature, and provide research inspiration for researchers. The research findings mainly focus on four aspects. First, the relevant research began in 2008 and is in a state of continuous rise. Second, due to the law of research development and the prominence of practical problems, related research has experienced a stage from conceptual methods to specific problems. Third, China and the USA assume an important role in which international cooperation is the overall trend. Fourth, related research can be divided into CF algorithm research, ecological environment management research, and specific cross-industry fields. In addition, possible opportunities for change in related research are explored. It is also suggested that the integration of CF with other footprints, when energy use and environmental change are fully considered, may become an important future research trend by providing a more comprehensive environmental impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Haze is a major environmental concern in many cities because it adversely affects people's physiological and psychological well-being. This paper examines the extent of haze in Macao during the period 1986-2016. It identifies the relationships between haze, energy use, and meteorological conditions directly. The haze in Macao changed over the period 1986-2016 with air pollution getting worse and then improving after 2007. Specifically, the number of haze hours increased from 3 in 1986 to 766 in 2007, and then dropped to 57 in 2016, while the total energy use increased from 12,246 TJ in 1986 to 37,144 TJ in 2007, and then to 42,405 TJ in 2016. As per primary energy, Macao used 12,096 TJ in 1986, 21,388 TJ in 2007, and 16,647 TJ in 2016 excluding aviation kerosene. Bivariate correlations show that haze was most positively and significantly associated with annual primary energy use. Multiple regression analysis indicates that the number of hours with haze was significantly, positively related to the consumption of gas oil/diesel, fuel oil, and natural gas in Macao and aviation kerosene. Nevertheless, the improvement in Macao could come at a cost to areas in downwind of Zhuhai's coal power stations supplying Macao's electricity energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of a study of the influence of residential locations on travelling behaviour in the Hangzhou Metropolitan Area in China. Based on a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods, the study shows that the location of a dwelling, relative to the centre structure of Hangzhou Metropolitan Area, can exert a considerable influence on the travelling behaviour of the respondents included in the survey. On average, people living close to downtown Hangzhou used less energy for transport. They travelled less in total and made a greater share of their journeys by bike or on foot. The location of the dwelling relative to the closest second-order and third-order centre can also influence travelling, but not to the same extent as the location of the residence relative to the city centre of Hangzhou. The geographical differences in travelling behaviour exist independently of residential preferences and attitudes to transport and environmental issues and therefore cannot be explained by residential selfselection. Instead, a number of rationales for travel behaviour identified in the qualitative interviews showed important links in the causal mechanisms by which residential location can influence travel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As China's digital transformation accelerates, there is growing interest in whether the digital economy can effectively boost green innovation in industrial enterprises and enable China's development to break through the constraints of resources and environment. Therefore, this study analyzes the data of A-share industrial listed enterprises (2011–2020). Results indicate that the digital economy promotes green innovation. The impact of the digital economy on green innovation varies significantly among different types of enterprises, with stronger effects on state-owned enterprises. Digital economy enhances green innovation via boosting public attention and optimizing energy structure. Therefore, playing the role of monitoring public attention, and optimizing energy use are key strategies to promote corporate green innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, tourism is counted among those industries which have gained global attention due to rapid growth. Hence, a constant diversification in terms of destination is needed in tourism development. The recent trends of industry highlight the demand of alternative tourism types, among which nature-related tourism appears to be an emerging concept. In this regard, the present article investigates the impact of economic conditions and sustainable rural development on the sustainability of tourism development in China. The current research has gathered secondary data from the World Bank from 1981 to 2020. The quartile autoregressive distributed lag model has been applied to test the association between the variables. The results revealed that GDP, inflation, FDI, exchange rate, energy use, gross savings, and sustainable rural development have a significant and positive association with the sustainability of tourism development in China. Findings offer managerial implications recommending the local government to focus on the sustainability of rural development and economic conditions that may lead to the implementation of tourism-related development projects. This study also guides the policymakers in establishing policies related to tourism development using different economic conditions and sustainable rural development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the largest shale gas resources holder in the world, China has set ambitious goals for its shale gas development. To better understand the environmental impacts and the net energy return of shale gas development in China, this paper develops a hybrid life cycle inventory (LCI) model to estimate the energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of China’s shale gas development, and presents an energy return on investment (EROI) analysis for estimating its net energy return. Results suggest a total average energy use per well of 123 TJ (range: 74–165 TJ) and total average GHG emissions per well of 9505 tCO 2 e (range: 5346–13551 tCO 2 e). Most of the energy use and GHG emissions are indirect impacts embodied in fuels and materials. Energy use and GHG emissions from the drilling stage comprise the largest share in both totals due to large amounts of diesel used as fuel in the well drilling process and the materials used in the well casing process. The EROI of China’s shale gas is estimated to be about 33 (range: 31–42), which is higher than China’s conventional oil & gas but lower than U.S. shale gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change is an environmental problem that humanity will face over the next several decades. Environmental quality has always been an important component of the quality of life. The rapid rise in urbanization and energy use in China has profound environmental consequences. This study investigates the impact of energy use and urbanization on China's ecological footprint and CO2 emissions from 1971 to 2016. The results reveal the positive relationship between China's energy use and urbanization, while international trade and capital formation are adversely associated with its CO2 emissions and ecological footprint. Overall, energy use and urbanization deteriorate China's environmental quality, while international trade and capital formation improve it. The results of Granger causality show bidirectional causality between urbanization and ecological footprint and between ecological footprint and CO2 emissions, while unidirectional causality runs from the ecological footprint to energy use and from international trade to the ecological footprint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural household energy consumption plays an essential role in the daily life of farmers, especially in developing regions. In this paper, we present a study of household energy consumption in terms of energy sources and energy end uses, and analysis of technical and economic issues associated with the use of biomass and renewable energy and the replacement of fossil fuels. Results show that energy from biomass represents the largest share of total energy supply, and that 41.15% of total energy is consumed for home heating and cooking. The average cost of household energy is 1259 RMB ($US193.6) and this expense is no longer subsidized by the government. It takes less than one year to make a solar stove profitable and less than two years to pay back the household cost of biogas digesters. An 8 m3 digester can produce as much energy as 500–550 kg of standard coal or 940 kg of firewood, while a solar stove can generate 1.76 × 103 MJ heat each year. Moreover, it is estimated that in rural China the annual reduction of CO2 and SO2 emissions in 2020, due to the replacement of fossil fuel by biomass, will be 68.86 × 106 and 54.37 × 104 tons, respectively. Overall, the investigations and analyses have revealed that the structure of rural household energy consumption is undergoing a transformation from traditional low-efficiency biomass domination to integrated consumption of traditional and renewable energies. Renewable energy will significantly contribute to the sustainable development of rural households. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Two-year monitoring campaign of IEQ parameters of a nearly zero energy building was firstly presented in China. • The nearly zero energy building can provide the indoor with a comfortable thermal environment and good air quality with less energy demand. • The overheating problem in the whole year would be especially paid attention during design and operation. • The occupant behavior has a significant impact on energy consumption and thermal comfort. The paper presents a two-year field measurement and assessment of a nearly zero-energy Building in cold zones of China. These parameters of indoor environment quality (IEQ) and electricity consumption for HVAC are recorded. According to the measurement data, the most of indoor temperature was controlled in the range of 23 °C ~ 26 °C and relative humidity (RH) mainly fluctuates within the range of 30% ~ 60%. The concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO 2) and particulate matter (PM 2.5) are lower than the relevant standard requirements in most of the time. The average electricity consumption for HVAC was 33.05kWh/(m2·a) and the heating and cooling demands could be reduced by 55.2% and 54.0%, respectively, compared with existing buildings. In general, the NZEB can provide indoor comfortable thermal environment and indoor air quality with less energy demand, but the overheating problem in summer and effect of occupant behavior should be especially paid attention during operation. Overall, the experience from the actual operation of NZEBs will help China to reach its goals of reducing carbon emissions and addressing climate change through realizing the energy-saving potential of NZEBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change issues and building energy use implications in subtropical Hong Kong were examined. A total of 40 years (1961–2000) of measured hourly temperature data were gathered and analysed. Three different parameters were examined, namely mean temperature, cumulative frequency of occurrence and cooling degree days (CDD). It was found that there was an underlying trend of temperature rise in recent years. Such temperature increase tended to occur more frequently during the winter period and mid-season than the summer months. The slight increase in CDD during the last 20 years suggested that cooling requirements and, hence, energy use for air conditioning might be affected if the trend persisted. The frequency of occurrence analysis, however, revealed no significant changes in the outdoor design conditions, and peak building cooling loads were expected to remain unchanged. This paper presents the work and discusses the energy use implications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper firstly presents a case study on analyzing the electrical load profiles recorded in a Hong Kong hotel over a period of 12 months to examine the potential energy saving opportunities (ESOs) in its building services installations. The case study is followed by a report of the survey results of energy and water use in 36 quality hotels in Hong Kong. Finally, a regression analysis where the surveyed energy and water use data were correlated to a number of hotel background or operational parameters to search for suitable energy and water use performance explanatory indicators is presented. The survey results depict a diversified energy and water use situation in Hong Kong’s hotels, but the regression analysis indicates that, while some of the correlations obtained are weak, there do exist a few strong energy and water explanatory indicators. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper reports on a study of energy use in 16 quality hotels in Hong Kong. An overview of energy use in these hotels is firstly presented, and this is followed by a detailed analysis of energy use in one of the 16 hotels. The overview indicates that the energy use situation in hotels in Hong Kong is very much diversified. The total energy use in a hotel is dominated by electricity, with the greatest portion for air conditioning because of sub-tropical climate. A detailed multiple variable regression analysis indicated that a number of hotel operating parameters as well as climatic condition can affect electricity, diesel and gas use in a hotel building. In order to achieve both operating cost saving and environmental protection, it is recommended that an energy management programme be established, and key elements of such a programme based on the experience of implementing energy conservation strategies in hotels in Hong Kong are highlighted. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) play a critical role in the sustainable development of water resources due to its outstanding ability of removing pollutants from complex influent wastewater and generating clean and safe effluent. This paper innovatively adopted the meta-analysis method in view of published LCA studies to assess the energy use and environmental impacts of WWTPs during their life cycle. The search and screening process determined a useful data source with 54 LCA literatures covering 109 relevant case studies. The meta-analysis results revealed that, compared with other regions, the WWTPs in China have the higher intensity in terms of energy use, global warming potential (GWP), eutrophication potential (EP), acidification potential (AP), photochemical oxidation (PHO), freshwater ecotoxicity potential (FETP) and terrestrial ecotoxicity potential (TETP) categories, implying that the energy conservation and emission reduction strategies are necessary to wastewater treatment industry in China. Moreover, compared with A/A/O and CASS processes, the A/O process consumes less energy and results in lower GWP and AP intensity, but affects adversely the natural water-body protection due to undesirable treatment efficiency. Furthermore, the treatment capacities of medium and large scales (i.e. 5-20 × 104 m3/d) are most reasonable sizes for WWTPs since their intensity of energy use, GWP, EP and AP are under a relatively low level. Finally, a strict effluent discharge standard is highly recommended from the perspective of protecting aquatic environment, although it leads to a higher energy consumption. The findings of this study could provide valuable references for promoting healthy and sustainable wastewater treatment industry. • Meta-analysis was firstly explored for evaluating the energy use and EIs of WWTPs. • Data source included 54 LCA literatures covering 109 independent case studies. • Four physical characteristics associated with WWTPs were in-depth discussed. • Recommendations for design and reconstruction of WWTPs in the future were provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global warming is currently the biggest problem. China is the world's highest CO2 emitter. The Chinese authorities agreed to overcome global pollution per the current Paris treaty and have shown deep concern regarding global warming. Hence, policymakers are paying attention to economic policy uncertainty. Motivated by this issue, the study examines the effect of energy use, economic policy uncertainty, and economic growth on China's CO2 emissions from 1970 to 2018 by employing a novel dynamic ARDL simulation model. The findings show that energy use and economic growth have statistically substantial long-run and short-run positive effects on CO2 emissions. However, economic policy uncertainty has a statistically insignificant effect on CO2 emissions, due to firms' sustainability policies. Energy use can have valuable policy consequences, particularly for environmental sustainability. Therefore, based on the empirical findings, the crucial partnership and feedback on China's carbon emission policy should be carried forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The BRICS economies group (i.e., Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) has become an important contributor to the growth of the world economy, which is increasingly concerned about carbon emissions due to the recent increase in energy use in these countries. While the embodied energy use related to emissions of the BRICS group has been discussed in the literature, an integrated analysis of energy, carbon footprints, and value added flows associated with international trade among the BRICS group has, to date, rarely been reported. Based on an improved Multi-Regional Input-Output model, South Africa was extracted from the rest of the world in the World Input-Output Database (WIOD) to analyze the above-mentioned flows embodied in trade within the BRICS countries, as well as between the BRICS group and other economies. The results show that the BRICS economic entity was a net embodied flows exporter. More flows were embodied in intermediate products than in final demand within the BRICS group. Compared with other BRICS economies, China, which is the largest transit country, transferred more embodied flows from Russia to other BRICS countries, and drove more embodied flows from major economies, including the United States and European countries outside the BRICS group than those within the BRICS group. However, China imported a relatively higher embodied energy and CO 2 in per unit value added from the BRICS countries than non-BRICS countries, while exporting relative lower embodied energy and CO 2 per value added to other BRICS economies than non-BRICS countries. The potential policy implications on cleaner development within the BRICS economies are discussed at the end of this paper. Image 1 • Comprehensively assessing embodied energy, CO 2 and value-added flows in BRICS′ trade. • The BRICS economy entity is a net embodied flows exporter. • Embodied flows in intermediate use are larger than those in final demand. • China transfers the most embodied flows between BRICS and non-BRICS countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work investigates the dynamic heterogeneous causal links among financial development, construction industry, energy use, and environmental quality across the development levels, for 30 Chinese provinces during the period 2001–2016. For this purpose, a model of environmental quality has been constructed introducing the financial development and construction industry as endogenous factors. A Pedroni's cointegration is employed and found the long-run cointegrating mechanism among the variables of interest. The dynamic common correlated effects mean group approach (DCCEMGA) is adopted to estimate the impact elasticities. Moreover, for robustness check, a sensitivity analysis is conducted employing common correlated effects mean group approach (CCEMGA). The main results are first, a two-way positive causal bridge is existent between gross domestic product (GDP) and energy use, construction industry and GDP, and financial development and GDP. In terms of the contribution of the construction industry to economic performance, construction industry-driven growth acceleration impact is observed. Second, a one-way positive causal link is identified running from financial development (both the banking sector and stock market) to the construction industry and is termed as finance-driven construction promotion effect. Also, a one-sided positive causal connection is operating from financial development and construction industry to energy use and carbon dioxide emissions. Finally, a standard environmental Kuznets curve (EKC), financial development-augmented EKC, and construction industry-augmented EKC hypotheses are found valid in the whole country and eastern region of China. Based on empirics, a regional heterogeneity has been observed in terms of the degree of impact and statistical significance while comparing the regional panels. The sensitivity analysis proved the empirical results to be robust and reliable. Moreover, based on the findings, policy recommendations are documented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the last decade, China's agro-food production has increased rapidly and been accompanied by the challenge of increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and other environmental pollutants from fertilizers, pesticides, and intensive energy use. Understanding the energy use and environmental impacts of crop production will help identify environmentally damaging hotspots of agro-production, allowing environmental impacts to be assessed and crop management strategies optimized. Conventional farming has been widely employed in wolfberry (Lycium barbarum) cultivation in China, which is an important cash tree crop not only for the rural economy but also from an ecological standpoint. Energy use and global warming potential (GWP) were investigated in a wolfberry production system in the Yellow River irrigated Jingtai region of Gansu. In total, 52 household farms were randomly selected to conduct the investigation using questionnaires. Total energy input and output were 321,800.73 and 166,888.80 MJ ha−1, respectively, in the production system. The highest share of energy inputs was found to be electricity consumption for lifting irrigation water, accounting for 68.52%, followed by chemical fertilizer application (11.37%). Energy use efficiency was 0.52 when considering both fruit and pruned wood. Nonrenewable energy use (88.52%) was far larger than the renewable energy input. The share of GWP of different inputs were 64.52% electricity, 27.72% nitrogen (N) fertilizer, 5.07% phosphate, 2.32% diesel, and 0.37% potassium, respectively. The highest share was related to electricity consumption for irrigation, followed by N fertilizer use. Total GWP in the wolfberry planting system was 26,018.64 kg CO2 eq ha−1 and the share of CO2, N2O, and CH4 were 99.47%, 0.48%, and negligible respectively with CO2 being dominant. Pathways for reducing energy use and GHG emission mitigation include: conversion to low carbon farming to establish a sustainable and cleaner production system with options of raising water use efficiency by adopting a seasonal gradient water pricing system and advanced irrigation techniques; reducing synthetic fertilizer use; and policy support: smallholder farmland transfer (concentration) for scale production, credit (small- and low-interest credit) and tax breaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the causal relationship among carbon dioxide emissions, energy consumption, per capita economic growth, and international trade using temporal econometric models with serial data for the period 1980–2017 in China. In the Armax model all regressors are significant in having influenced the dependent CO2 variable. Subsequently, unidirectional causalities are identified from energy consumption and from commercial opening to carbon dioxide emissions, from commercial opening to energy consumption, from carbon dioxide emissions to per capita economic growth and from economic growth to commercial opening. These results show that, over time, more energy consumption in China results in more carbon dioxide emissions so there will be more environment pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, China is named among the most carbon dioxide (CO2)-emitting countries in the world after the United State of America (USA). A major part of Chinese carbon dioxide emissions is as a result of offshore industrial activities which come into the economy as foreign direct investment (FDI). Following this, the present study seeks to investigate the nexus between CO2 emissions, FDI, energy use, and tourism arrivals, and possibly to advise on who will bear the responsibility of offshore CO2 emissions. Utilizing ARDL-bound testing and Granger causality approaches for both short- and long-run effects the author found that economic growth (GDP) has a positive relationship with both tourism arrivals, energy use, FDI, and CO2.This contributes to heavy CO2 emissions which the author classified as the outsourced/offshore CO2emissions in China's FDI. Tourism arrivals have a bi-directional (feedback) causal relationship with energy use and a uni-directional causal relationship with CO2(transmitting from tourism to CO2). Both FDI and energy use have a bi-directional (feedback) causal relationship; CO2, energy use, and tourism arrivals have a unidirectional relationship with GDP which established the triangular nexus causality among the variables and the impact on GDP. Hence, the policy implication should be geared towards implementing the policies and regulations that will checkmate and reduce the excesses of foreign firms to the environment quality of China and promote environmentally friendly economic activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth in the world economy has resulted in an increase in environmental pollution and ecological destruction in many parts of the world. In particular, economic development in mainland China in recent years has seen a massive rise in environmental pollution such as particulate matter (PM2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen oxides (NO2) in many cities; as a result, there has been an increased focus on air pollution and carbon dioxide emission control in recent years. This study used 2013–2017 energy consumption data from 31 cities in China to examine overall and specific efficiencies, for which employees, fixed assets, and energy consumption were taken as the input indicators, and gross domestic product (GDP) and the PM2.5, SO2, and NO2 levels as the output indicators. It was found that from 2013 to 2017, only four cities (Beijing, Guangzhou, Nanning, and Shanghai) had total efficiency scores of 1, with all other cities needing efficiency improvements. The efficiency scores for the different pollutants varied widely, with the NO2 efficiencies being generally higher with less improvement needed, while the SO2 and PM2.5 efficiencies required significantly greater governance measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to reveal the energy use and indoor environment characteristics of twelve households located in six cities in China, including daily use of gas and electricity, temperature and humidity throughout a year. The energy uses for district heating and hot water were not included. The investigated houses were separated into two groups, namely Group 1 with domestic heating, and Group 2 with district heating. The analysis showed that the energy use of Lighting and Audio visual & information for each house is not very different during the four seasons. Annual energy use varied from 13.3 to 32.4 GJ in Group 1. The energy use of House 05 was 32.4 GJ/year, which is the highest in Group 1, the space heating reached 18.5 GJ/year, accounting for 57% of the total. Energy use of House 01 increased in winter and summer, which is attributed to the use of heating in winter and cooling in summer, respectively. Annual energy use varied from 2.9 to 17.0 GJ in Group 2. Almost no change of energy use was found for the houses in Group 2 during the four seasons, but a big difference of average indoor temperature was found in the coldest days between the houses in Group 1 (around 10 °C) and Group 2 (around 20 °C), while the difference was small in summer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents abstracts on industrial ecology which include the integration of environmental considerations into management-related decision making, a dynamic material flow analysis for strategic construction and demolition waste management in Beijing, China and evaluation of the Chinese tire industry with the use of physical input-output analysis.