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Faith communities are increasingly recognised as an important piece of civil society that can contribute to addressing difficult sustainability and environmental problems. This research investigates the environmental activities and engagement of faith leadership organisations in Canada, a region in which faith-based environmentalism has not been studied extensively. The paper traces the evolution of environmental engagement among a diverse, multi-faith group of communities, beginning with the entry into environmental work by some groups in the 1960s and 1970s. Over the years, some programmes have matured, others have faltered, programmes have adapted to address new environmental challenges, and new communities have entered into environmental discourse. The paper also analyses contemporary activities, which can be divided into formation activities, advocacy and activism, and practical actions. Formation activities, such as education and worship programmes, are the most common, and advocacy and activism are often the most contested form of engagement. These activities demonstrate a commitment to a holistic approach, to addressing underlying causes of environmental harm by transforming worldviews, and contributing to societal change through both practical actions and advocacy and activism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Review of Sociology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Founded in 1906, the Alpine Club of Canada (ACC) was a key proponent of mountain adventure and advocacy. This paper examines the club’s annual camps, physical culture, and conservation involvement as indicators to understand the integration of mountaineering and parks in Canada in the twentieth century. It surveys the club’s origins and highlights its shifting agendas. The ACC mountaineering camps and classic alpine ascents invented a tradition for middle-class sport and tourism in mountain parks, particularly in the Rockies and Columbia Mountains. The club advocated for climbers but also for conservation in wild places. It participated in contested debates on parks and resource use as a stakeholder on public lands. The paper argues the ACC was a leading proponent of mountain pursuits, conservation, and tourism in a complex political ecology of engaged land use for sport and recreation intertwined with physical spaces and the social production of mountain parks in Canada. Adventure and advocacy were its legacy as well as education on the land. Based on archives, alpine journals, and other published sources, the paper illustrates an integration of people and places in landscapes of sport as well as contemporary mountain adventure, tourism, and conservation issues in Canada and internationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proliferation of community gardening, and the increasing recognition of its benefits, has led many municipalities to develop community garden policies. Using the process of drafting a community garden policy in the city of Hamilton, Canada, as a case study, this paper illustrates how an environmental justice framework could inform the creation of an effective, inclusive community gardening policy. At the same time, barriers within the policy process could mitigate against the meaningful incorporation of environmental justice concerns. The paper concludes with a discussion of how greater inter-departmental and community collaboration in policy development, as well as the more routine application of an environmental justice lens, could mitigate the ill effects of the inequitable distribution of environmental and other resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that salmon aquaculture operations situated in First Nations' claimed territories on Canada's West Coast create issues of environmental injustice. Salmon farms are associated with various environmental problems including pollution of the aquatic environment, risks to wild salmon, and food safety issues. These environmental problems constitute issues of environmental injustice due to the disproportionate, and different, impacts they have on coastal First Nations in comparison with other Canadians. The paper draws on material from several reviews of British Columbian (BC) salmon aquaculture to analyse coastal BC First Nations' claims and concerns about salmon farming along three environmental justice dimensions: distribution, participation and recognition. Qualitative evidence is obtained suggesting that coastal First Nations face disproportionate health risks from salmon farms, are excluded from decision-making processes with respect to the farms, and feel that their worldviews, identities, and ways of life are both ignored and at risk from the farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the ways in which environmental justice (EJ)--in its myriad forms--has developed as a concrete and material challenge to the dominant (neo-liberal) discourse of ecological modernisation. The concept of 'environmental justice' is problematised and the fast conceptual transfer beyond the borders of the US, where it originated. The shift in the concept of environmental justice is explored in two urban environments in Toronto, Canada, and Hermanus, South Africa, with a specific emphasis on urban water policies and politics and their relation to concerns of environmental justice. The term 'environmental justice' in the context of urban environments must be defined within this context for each site under study; the paper argues against a universalising use of the term. In localising the term 'environmental justice', it is not proposed that its use be restricted to a specific site, but that its use is embedded in a multiscalar urban world specific to a particular site. It is argued specifically that what is and is not environmentally just cannot be discussed merely from the point of view of localised differentials in the exposure to environmental costs or benefits. Instead, the articulated scales of justice are explored in and among the case study cities. It is argued that in reality, injustice perceptions and justice demands are constructed through relative, scale-sensitive political and discursive processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citizens of the Aamjiwnaang First Nation fight for justice with their bodies at the frontlines of daily toxic exposure. This paper examines struggles for environmental and reproductive justice in the polluted heart of Canada’s ‘Chemical Valley’. These are as struggles over life, land and knowledge. Based upon community-engaged qualitative research, from a participatory action research approach, including field immersion, participant observation and 35 in-depth interviews with First Nations residents, I document the Aamjiwnaang First Nation’s citizens’ activities and practices on the ground as they cope with the impact of their contaminated surroundings on their health and habitat. This community-engaged scholarship lens brings into view the lived experiences and ongoing practices of resistance by the Anishinabek citizens who are surrounded by Chemical Valley. I situate these struggles within the green citizenship literature to assess three blind spots of green governmentality: greening citizenship, lifestyle blame and Western dualisms. I discuss the multiple edges of ecological citizenship and argue that citizens are simultaneously bound up within disciplinary power relations and place-based belonging. This place, although polluted, is crucial to practices of relational Anishinabek citizenship and the identity of indigenous citizens who call this place both ‘prison and home’. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article presents information abut the book "Who Owns the Environment?" The book contains eleven papers presented at the eighth Political Economy Forum convened by the Political Economy Research Center, held in June 1997, that focus on the application of tile property rights paradigm to environmental issues. The papers discuss private property rights as the basis for free market environmentalism; property rights, the environment and economic well-being; evolutionary, anthropological and experimental concepts and data relating to reciprocity in human nature and the property rights implicitly defined by such behavior; the Canadian experience with property rights in protecting the environment and the impact of the legislated erosion of property rights on the environment.

Copyright of Antipode is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• Mainstream green economies are market-driven models centered on growth and profit accumulation. • An analysis of labour is essential to shed light on green economies' logics and practices. • Recruitment promotes a representation of green jobs as sites for environmentalist politics. • The politicization of green work is ideological as it normalizes precarious and unpaid work. • Putting environmentalism to work extends the reach of labour subsumption. Market-driven green economies are premised upon the exploitation and ongoing commodification of both labour and nature. Yet their concrete incarnations experiment with new strategies to "secure and obscure" such processes. These strategies include the formulation and dissemination of an ideological representation of green labour in which environmentalism is "put to work." In this paper I focus on worker recruitment in Toronto and analyze its role in constructing green jobs as a venue for environmentalist politics, and therefore as "good" and "meaningful" work. My empirical material consists of green job announcements posted on GoodWork.ca, the main platform for green worker recruitment in Canada. Building on a Gramscian understanding of ideology, I query the concrete and symbolic functions performed by job ads and discuss them in relation to the structural processes that characterize Toronto's contemporary labour market. I suggest that an ideological representation of green work is used to select motivated and productive workers, justify the offer of non-specialized, precarious, or unpaid positions, and ultimately extend the reach of labour subsumption into spheres traditionally considered outside the employment relation, such as environmentalist activism. In turn, such a representation conceals the extent to which green economies rely on the exploitation of labour while it circumscribes environmentalist critiques within market-driven and economic growth-centered initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Native Studies is the property of Brandon University, CJNS, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Sociology is the property of Canadian Journal of Sociology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Canadian household consumption and driving behaviours are responsible for a significant portion of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions produced across Canada. This paper examines and characterizes two sets of consumer behaviours, indoor GHG reduction behaviours and automobile GHG emissions, using data from a 2006 telephone survey of a representative random sample of 1002 Canadian households with cars. Two statistical models are used to analyse the impact of four groups of variables (environmental attitudes, policy opinions, automobile-related indices and socio-demographics) on GHG reduction at the household level. Results were obtained using ordered probit and Ordinary Least Squares regressions. Indoor GHG reduction behaviours were not correlated with automobile GHG emissions. Dominant factors increasing consumer GHG reduction behaviours both indoors and on the road were sense of personal responsibility and previous environmental activism. Canadians who least actively participate in GHG reduction activities were more likely to be living in the Prairie provinces and to be male. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By propagating a hands-off "cathedral" or "art museum" view of nature, many environmentalists are missing an opportunity to further their cause. According to some recent critiques, only when environmentalism returns to its aboriginal roots, fully appreciating the immediate usefulness of all parts of the natural world, can it reach its potential. The present paper describes a winter camp for high school students in the Canadian Arctic, where students, under the mentorship of aboriginal instructors, were fully able to immerse themselves in such an eco-pragmatic experience. The paper then details the effects of the camp on students and the wider community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have survived Canada's assault on our identity and our rights ... Our survival is a testament to our determination and will to survive as a people. We are prepared to participate in Canada's future - but only on the terms that we believe to be our rightful heritage. Wallace Labillois, Council of Elders, Kingsclear, New Brunswick This paper argues for a strengthening of the theoretical relationship between neo-liberalism and environmental justice. Empirical research involving First Nations communities in southwestern Ontario suggests that neo-liberal reforms introduced in the mid-1990s were particularly discriminatory against Canada's indigenous peoples, serving to exacerbate historical disparities in health, environment pollution, and well-being. In particular, under neo-liberal reform in Ontario, recognition of environmental injustices has become much more difficult for First Nations communities. Furthermore, this 'new' form of environmental governance has broadly reduced legitimate opportunities for First Nations to participate in environmental governance that affects their health and welfare. In short, this research supports a widening of the definition of environmental justice advocated by David Schlosberg and others (Environmental Politics, 13(3) (2004), pp. 517-540; Agyeman, Bullard and Evans 2003; Akwesasne Task Force on the Environment, Research Advisory committee 1997; Di Chiro 1998) if we are to understand the subtle, complex and multiple ways that this new form of environmental governance is particularly harmful to marginalized groups, such as First Nations in Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews nine of the best-known strategies for eliminating and reducing substances in the category known as "persistent bioaccumulative toxic substances" (PBTSs). The nine strategies are as follows: 1) Ontario's Candidate Substances list for Bans and Phase-outs (1992), 2) Canada's ARET Program (1994), 3) Canada's Toxic Substances Management Policy (1995), 4) the Commission for Environmental Cooperation's Sound Management of Chemicals Initiative (1995), 5) the Great Lakes Binational Toxics Strategy (1997), 6) the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (U.S. EPA's) draft National PBT Strategy (1998), 7) U.S. EPA's Waste Minimization Program (1998), 8) the U.N. Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (2001), and 9) Washington State's Rule on Persistent Bioaccumulative Toxins (2006). The review describes the commonalities among the strategies, including their goals and principles, design approaches, and other common elements. It also discusses several emerging trends, such as the increasing importance of economic considerations, human health information, and nonregulatory management approaches. The paper concludes with a discussion of how effective the strategies have been at achieving their goals of elimination and reduction of persistent bioaccumulative toxic substances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on a Delphi Study undertaken at Dalhousie University in which a multi-stake- holder panel was consulted in order to generate ideas that could be incorporated into an Implementation Plan for the University Environmental Policy (UEP). The objectives of the study were twofold. First, the study endeavored to develop ideas as to the most desirable and feasible ways in which to incorporate the UEP into the activities and structure of the university. Second, the study sought to assess the applicability of the Delphi Technique for consulting with stakeholders in the development of an implementation plan. The final analyses confirm the literature on the challenges, barriers and opportunities encountered for institutional environmental change in higher education. The study also confirms the findings of existing research that promotes the Delphi Technique as an excellent tool to inform the creation of educational and social policy. Specifically, this study illustrates the benefits of applying the Policy Delphi Technique to the development of an Environmental Policy Implementation Plan in higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the representations of nature circulating in a Greenpeace anti-logging campaign in British Columbia, Canada. The effort to stop industrial logging in a region of the central coast named 'the Great Bear Rainforest' is presented as a case study through which nature's social production can be glimpsed. Part of the larger 'war in the woods' that gripped British Columbia throughout the 1990s, the campaign considered here pitted Greenpeace and other environmental non-governmental organizations and their grassroots supporters against the forestry industry and many members of resource-producing communities. Through an analysis of campaign literature, newspaper coverage and 'letters to the editor', it is argued that the preservationist position advanced by Greenpeace visually and discursively constructs a concept of pristine nature which appeals to urban populations, employs a neocolonial representation of First Nations peoples and the nature within which they are situated, and finds authority and legitimacy in ecosystem discourse. Drawing both on work by Matthew Sparke concerning mapping and the narration of the nation and on Haripriya Rangan's identification of regionality as a key concept in understanding nature's production, it is suggested that the construction of nature considered in this case study needs to be understood as part of an articulation of a particular west coast metropolitan identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last half century runaway wildlife declines have been simultaneous with the liberal environmental state's ascent. Despite proliferating legislation to arrest these declines, states have fuelled economic growth at species' expense. Through what tactics of power does the liberal environmental state manage this contradiction between promising species protection while authorising their obliteration? Manipulations of tense, futurity, temporal pace and scope are central. Responding to the plight of endangered caribou in Canada, the state tinkers and repeatedly resets time ("starting ... now!") while hailing the future eco‐perfect, a time just‐around‐the‐corner when caribou and the economy will flourish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Environmental Education is the property of Canadian Journal of Environmental Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Kanada-Studien is the property of Gesellschaft fuer Kanada Studien e.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Environmental movements depend on mass media to reach the public and shape political decision-making. Without media access, social movements experience political marginality. In this paper, we examine whether the internet is a more open space than traditional media for activists to speak on behalf of nature. Our analysis is based on newspaper coverage and environmental organization websites that focus on the conflict over the proposed Jumbo Glacier Resort ski resort in British Columbia. Environmental websites and mass media texts both define Jumbo Pass as wilderness and grizzly bear habitat, while focusing on ecological concerns as well as questions of local democracy. However, environmental group websites discuss a greater range of environmental risks and provide more detailed discussion of these issues. Environmentalist websites also integrate scientific experts and celebrity supporters to a greater degree than mass media texts, which are dominated by environmentalist, ski industry, and provincial government news sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Études Inuit Studies is the property of Centre interuniversitaire d'etudes et de recherches autochtones (CIERA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal for the Study of Adult Education is the property of Canadian Journal for the Study of Adult Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Global Media Journal: Canadian Edition is the property of Global Media Journal: Canadian Edition and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the environmental justice movement in relation to Canada and the United States. Canada has a very limited amount of environmental justice research as opposed to the United States, which has been practicing the policy for thirty years. Because of differences in urban geography, racial dynamics, the history of resource development, multiculturalism, and social policies, American environmental justice research is not useful for Canadian researchers. The author details the necessity for Canadians to begin their own environmental justice programs.

This paper outlines the evolving initiatives being taken within Canada's environmental sector to address the critical issue of providing foreign credential and foreign competency recognition to recent and potential immigrants. It examines the underlying problems in these areas and goes on to outline the work of the newly established Canadian Centre for Environmental Education (CCEE) to develop structures and procedures to harness existing, but disparate, resources and to provide one national centre for these activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Forestry Chronicle is the property of Canadian Institute of Forestry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article reports on the evaluation of existing ecological monitoring variables from a variety of sources to select a suite of core variables suitable for monitoring at the Ecological Monitoring and Assessment Network (EMAN) sites located across Canada. The purpose of EMAN is to promote the acquisition of relevant and consistent data that can be used to report on national trends and provide an early warning of ecosystem change. Existing monitoring variables were evaluated in two steps. In the first step, three primary criteria were used to pre-screen preliminary variables. In the second step, a more detailed evaluation considered twenty criteria based on data quality, applicability, data collection methods, data analysis and interpretation, existing data and programs, and cost effectiveness to select a draft set of core monitoring variables (CMV). An ecological framework was developed to organize the CMV in a manner that permitted a gap analysis to confirm the CMV assessed a wide range of relevant environment components. The suite of CMV were then tested to determine their effectiveness in detecting ecosystem change caused by stressors with ecosystem responses that have been well documented in the literature. This project is part of a process lead by Environment Canada to select CMV to detect and track ecosystem change at EMAN sites. It is anticipated that the proposed CMV will undergo future discussion and development leading to the final selection of a suite of CMV for use at EMAN sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyse the effects of constructions and mobilisations of childhood, generation and girl heroism in 30 Canadian editorials written in response to 2019 climate change protests. We discuss how the editorials strategically position—and sometimes dismiss—young activists through discourses of childhood innocence, becoming and social participation. Second, we focus on how the editorials mobilise generation to emphasise either generational division or cross‐generational solidarity. Finally, we problematise the editorials' concentration on individualised girl heroism. We thus contextualise and deconstruct truth statements around age, generation and heroism, emphasising instead their effects and the potential for certain narratives to better recognise the diversity and solidarity in climate change activism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses a method for obtaining an understanding of people's environmental knowledge and values in Temagami, Ontario. Major findings; Use of a participatory mental mapping exercise method; Emergence of analytical categories from the data obtained.

We focus on the personal networks of members of an anti-environmentalism countermovement in a small town in Canada (Port Alberni, B.C.) that mobilized against the environmental movement. Drawing primarily from social survey data, we investigate the effects of network-based mobilization processes, and contending-movement ties (ties to the environmental movement), on level of participation in the countermovement. We add to the literature on networks and social movements, and movement-countermovement dynamics by 1) comparing network processes amongst a counter movement with those amongst a corresponding social movement, and 2) comparing personal network structures and mobilization processes between countermovement members and the general public. We find a similar pattern of network-based micromobilization processes amongst movement and countermovement participant networks. We find both similarities, and key differences between the counter movement and the general public in terms of activism and social network ties. Theoretical predictions have suggested that individuals who have ties to opposing groups will moderate their participation in a social movement. However, in this study of a community countermovement organization in a small town in Canada that mobilized against the provincial environmental movement we find that the number of contending movement ties (the range of ties to environmental organizations) held by individuals in the countermovement has a significant positive association with countermovement activism, and is the strongest statistical predictor of countermovement activism. Drawing upon both theory and substantive information we discuss the implications of this novel finding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigates the resource activities of Canada for global economy. Details on staples and industrialization; Revision of the continentalism principle; Contribution of the continentalism and environmentalism to Canadian globalization.

Environmental degradation and climate change are some of the greatest challenges of our current era. Consumption patterns in much of the world are a direct driver of this dangerous situation. We consume more than we need and waste more than the planet can tolerate. Despite the best intentions and efforts of the modern environmental movement, consumption habits have proven to be stubbornly resistant to change. The largely secular environmental movement has been limited in its reach and has struggled to find a narrative that is broadly motivating. In contradistinction, religious values create a conceptual framework instructing people on how they should interact with the environment and have proven to be a strong behavioral motivator for many people in multiple arenas. The existence of a prohibition against wastefulness (bal tashḥit) in Judaism might lead one to assume that halakhically observant Jews lead lives that minimize consumerism and wastefulness to the greatest extent possible. It has even been argued that Ḥaredi (ultra-Orthodox) communities embrace voluntary simplicity or "willed poverty." This research explores attitudes toward consumption, the environment, and wastefulness among Ḥaredi communities in Canada and Israel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Accounting Perspectives is the property of Canadian Academic Accounting Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)