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The 24-h movement guidelines for children and adolescents comprise recommendations for adequate sleep, moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behaviour (SB). However, whether adolescents who meet these 24-h movement guidelines may be less likely to have high blood pressure (HBP) has not been established. The present study assessed the association between meeting 24-h movement guidelines and HBP in a school-based sample of 996 adolescents between 10-17 years (13.2 ± 2.4 years, 55.4% of girls). Blood pressure was measured using a digital oscillometric device, while sleep, MVPA and SB were measured using the Baecke questionnaire. The association between the 24-h movement guidelines and HBP was performed using binary logistic regression adjusted for sex, age, socioeconomic status, and body mass index. It was observed that less than 1% of the sample meet the three 24-h movement guidelines. The prevalence of HBP was lower in adolescents who meet all three movement 24-h guidelines (11.1%) compared to those who did not meet any guidelines (27.2%). Individual 24-h movement guidelines analysis showed that adolescents with adequate sleep were 35% less likely to have HBP (OR = 0.65; 95% CI 0.46-0.91). Meeting sleep guidelines combined with meeting MVPA (OR = 0.69; 95% CI 0.50-0.95) or SB (OR = 0.67; 95% CI 0.48-0.94) was inversely associated with HBP. Adolescents who meet two or three 24-h movement guidelines were respectively 47% (OR = 0.53; 95% CI 0.29-0.98) and 34% (OR = 0.66; 95% CI 0.48-0.91) less likely to have HBP. In adolescents, meeting sleep and 24-h movement guidelines were inversely associated with HBP., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Objective: To evaluate current levels of physical activity and sedentary behaviour among pregnant and non-pregnant adults in Canada., Methods: We ascertained population-based cross-sectional data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), 2015-2019, and the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS), 2007-2019. We included adults who were assigned female at birth and were of reproductive age (aged 18-55 years) living in the provinces. We analyzed activity data from validated questionnaires and accelerometers., Results: We included 53 765 adults from the CCHS and 5321 from the CHMS, weighted to represent 16 million people. Based on accelerometers, both pregnant and non-pregnant adults spent 9.5 hours per day (70% of their time) engaged in sedentary behaviour. Across all survey years, ages, and Canadian regions, pregnant adults, especially those aged under 35 years, spent less time engaged in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) compared with non-pregnant adults. Pregnant adults reported 34.3 minutes (95% CI 30.5-38.2) and objectively accrued 14.9 minutes (95% CI 7.9-21.8) in MVPA per day - 15.1 and 8.9 fewer minutes than non-pregnant adults, respectively. After accounting for self-report bias, only 27.5% (95% CI 24.1-31.0) of the pregnant and 41.1% (95% CI 40.4-41.9) of the non-pregnant adults met the Canadian physical activity guidelines (i.e., ≥150 minutes of MVPA per week)., Conclusion: Physical activity levels are remarkably low among both pregnant and non-pregnant adults, with few meeting current guidelines. Given the substantial physical and mental health benefits, more support is needed to increase pre-pregnancy and prenatal activity in Canada., (Crown Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: This study aimed to identify the clusters of obesogenic behaviors, and verify the association with metabolic risk according to the categories of somatic maturity status of adolescents., Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 1159 (55.1% girls) Brazilian adolescents aged between 10 and 16 years (mean age: 12.9 years). Measurements of waist circumference, blood pressure, blood glucose, HDL-C, and triglycerides were combined to calculate a metabolic risk score. Somatic maturity was assessed by estimating the peak of height velocity. The obesogenic behaviors analyzed were physical activity (Baecke questionnaire), sedentary behavior (screen-based behaviors) and dietary habits (consumption of healthy and unhealthy food). The Two Step clustering algorithm using the log-likelihood measure was employed to cluster formation and regression models were adopted to the main analysis., Results: We observed a complex co-existence of obesogenic behaviors. Differences regarding the metabolic risk between clusters was only observed among the early-maturing adolescents, where the cluster with higher number of healthy behaviors but lower physical activity presented higher metabolic risk score., Conclusions: We conclude that physical activity has an important role on the association of clusters of obesogenic behaviors and metabolic risk in early-maturing adolescents., (© 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Background: The authors analyzed time trends and sociodemographic inequalities in different physical activity and sedentary behavior domains between 2003 and 2019., Methods: A secondary analysis of data from 5 cross-sectional Brazilian epidemiological surveys (World Health Survey-2003, National Household Sample Survey-2008/2015, and Brazilian Health Survey-2013/2019) conducted among a nationally representative sample of Brazilian adults. The authors used data on different domains of physical activity (leisure, commute, total transport, and total physical activity) and sedentary behavior (TV viewing and other types of screens) that were available in the different surveys. Gender, age group, country region, ethnicity, type of area and city, and quintiles of income and educational achievement were used as sociodemographic correlates., Results: The prevalence of leisure-time physical activity increased over time (2008: 7.0% vs 2019: 26.5%). There was also an increased trend of social inequality in leisure-time physical activity. A trend of reduction was observed for active commuting (2008: 35.0% vs 2019: 21.8%), while total transport physical activity was stable (2013: 49.5% vs 2019: 49.6%). Directions of findings were opposite for sedentary behavior, with reduced trend for >3 hours per day of TV viewing (2008: 34.8% vs 2019: 21.8%) and increased trend for >3 hours per day of other types of screen time (2008: 6.4% vs 2019: 22.2%)., Conclusion: A positive trend exists in leisure-time physical activity, but there was also an increase in social inequalities for physical activity in Brazil.

Background: Our aim was to investigate the association of macroeconomic, human development, and demographic factors with different domains of physical activity and sitting time among South American adults., Methods: We used data from nationally representative samples in Argentina (n = 26,932), Brazil (n = 52,490), Chile (n = 3866), Colombia (n = 14,208), Ecuador (n = 19,883), Peru (n = 8820), and Uruguay (n = 2403). Our outcomes included leisure time (≥150 min/week), transport (≥10 min/week), occupational (≥10 min/week), and total (≥150 min/week) physical activity, as well as sitting time (≥4 h/day), which were collected through self-reported questionnaires. As exposures, gross domestic product, total population, population density, and human development index indicators from the most updated national census of each country were used. Age and education were used as covariates. Multilevel logistic regressions with harmonized random effect meta-analyses were conducted, comparing highest vs. lowest (reference) tertiles., Results: Higher odds for transport physical activity were observed among the highest tertiles of total population (OR men : 1.41; 95% CI: 1.23-1.62), OR women : 1.51; 95% CI:1.32-1.73), population density (OR men : 1.36; 95% CI: 1.18-1.57, OR women : 1.49; 95% CI: 1.30-1.70), and gross domestic product (OR men : 1.16; 95% CI: 1.00-1.35, OR women : 1.39; 95% CI: 1.20-1.61). For leisure physical activity, women living in departments with higher human development index presented 18% higher odds for being active, and for total physical activity a similar estimate in both sexes was observed among those who live in more populated areas. No consistent associations were found for occupational physical activity and sitting time., Conclusion: Macroeconomic, demographic and human development indicators are associated with different domains of physical activity in the South American context, which can in turn guide policies to promote physical activity in the region.

The present article describes the South American Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Network, which was designed to provide ongoing transnational empirical evidence about physical activity and sedentary behavior in South America. The first goal of this initiative was to form a representative body of researchers and policy makers from all South American countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay and Venezuela) to establish priorities and targets for the short, medium and long term. Examples are given of connecting physical activity and sedentary data from existing surveys in several of the partner countries. The main objective of the South American Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Network will be to impact policies on physical activity and sedentary behavior in South America according to the singularities of each country or region. By encouraging an inclusive and collaborative effort, we expect that the South American Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Network will support the connection between researchers from South America as well as provide a better comprehension of the epidemiology of physical activity and sedentary behavior regionally.

Background: Research on sedentary behavior and effects on maternal and newborn outcomes has been inconclusive. The objective of this report was to correlate sedentary time with maternal and fetal anthropometric measurements and compare the effect on sedentary time based on meeting prenatal activity guidelines., Methods: Healthy pregnant women (N = 61) in their second trimester (24-28 wk gestation) provided 7-day accelerometry data. Outcomes, including neonatal weight, length, and body fat percentage, were collected 24 to 48 hours after delivery. Placenta weight was measured immediately after delivery. Gestational weight gain was calculated by subtracting self-reported prepregnancy weight from measured weight at 38 weeks gestation. Correlations between sedentary time and outcomes were tested with Spearman and Pearson coefficient of correlations in all women separately and in accordance with the 2019 Canadian prenatal exercise guidelines., Results: No significant associations were found between sedentary time and the selected outcomes, even when compared by prenatal exercise level. There was no difference in total time spent sedentary between active (576.7 [52.8] min) and inactive women (599.3 [51.6] min)., Conclusions: Meeting exercise recommendations during pregnancy does not significantly decrease total sedentary time. Future studies should aim to evaluate the health effects of both decreasing sedentary time and meeting prenatal exercise guidelines.

Objective: To investigate the potential influence of physical, psychological, and lifestyle factors on the association between TV-viewing and depressive symptoms among Brazilian adults., Methods: We used cross-sectional data from the Brazilian National Survey, conducted in 2013 with 60,202 adults (≥18 years). Information regarding exposure (TV-viewing), potential influencing factors (multimorbidity, mobility, self-rated health, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, sugar consumption, and physical activity) as well as elevated depressive symptoms (through PHQ-9 - score > 9) (outcome) was collected via interview-administered questionnaires. Data on covariates were self-reported. Body mass index was estimated through the assessment of body mass and stature. Mediation models were estimated through the Karlson-Holm-Breen method., Results: Individuals who reported >5 h/d of TV viewing showed a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms than those with <5 h/d of TV viewing [8.1%(99%CI:7.6%-8.6%) vs 14.2%(99%CI:12.2%-16.6%)]. The association between TV-viewing and depressive symptoms was influenced by tobacco use (Overall: 7.22%; men: 4.46%, women: 8.59%), physical activity (men: 3.99%, women: 2.28%), mobility (overall: 11.31%, men: 10.85%, women: 11.03%), and multimorbidity (overall: 9.11%, men: 11.6%, women: 6.03%). Poor self-rated health influenced the association between TV-viewing and elevated depressive symptoms only among men (15.55%). Similarly, the association between >4 h/d of TV viewing and depressive symptoms was influenced by tobacco use (men: 6.8%, women: 11.7%), physical activity for women (5.5%), self-rated health for men (14.7%), mobility (men: 8.7%, women: 17.0%), and multimorbidity (men: 9.6%, women: 12.3%)., Conclusions: Tobacco use, physical activity, mobility, multimorbidity, and self-rated health (men) mediate the relationship between high TV-viewing and elevated depressive symptoms. Longitudinal research is required to confirm/refute our data which may also be useful to contribute to public health interventions., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior are major concerns for public health. Although global initiatives have been successful in monitoring physical activity (PA) worldwide, there is no systematic action for the monitoring of correlates of these behaviors, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Here we describe the prevalence and distribution of PA domains and sitting time in population sub-groups of six south American countries., Methods: Data from the South American Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Network (SAPASEN) were used, which includes representative data from Argentina (n = 26,932), Brazil (n = 52,490), Chile (n = 3719), Ecuador (n = 19,851), Peru (n = 8820), and Suriname (n = 5170). Self-reported leisure time (≥150 min/week), (≥150 min/week), transport (≥10 min/week), and occupational PA total (≥10 min/week), as well as sitting time (≥4 h/day) were captured in each national survey. Sex, age, income, and educational status were exposures. Descriptive statistics and harmonized random effect meta-analyses were conducted., Results: The prevalence of PA during leisure (Argentina: 29.2% to Peru: 8.6%), transport (Peru: 69.7% to Ecuador: 8.8%), and occupation (Chile: 60.4 to Brazil 18.3%), and ≥4 h/day of sitting time (Peru: 78.8% to Brazil: 14.8%) differed widely between countries. Moreover, total PA ranged between 60.4% (Brazil) and 82.9% (Chile) among men, and between 49.4% (Ecuador) and 74.9% (Chile) among women. Women (low leisure and occupational PA) and those with a higher educational level (low transportation and occupational PA as well as high sitting time) were less active. Concerning total PA, men, young and middle-aged adults of high educational status (college or more) were, respectively, 47% [OR = 0.53 (95% CI = 0.36-0.78), I 2  = 76.6%], 25% [OR = 0.75 (95% CI = 0.61-0.93), I 2  = 30.4%] and 32% [OR = 0.68 (95% CI = 0.47-1.00), I 2  = 80.3%] less likely to be active., Conclusions: PA and sitting time present great ranges and tend to vary across sex and educational status in South American countries. Country-specific exploration of trends and population-specific interventions may be warranted.

Objective: To examine the relationship between physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and social isolation in a representative sample of Brazilian adolescents., Method: Cross sectional analyses using data from the Brazilian Scholar Health Survey conducted in 2015. The sample included 100,839 adolescents (mean age: 14.3 y, 51.4% Female) from 3040 schools. Information about social isolation (number of close friends and perceived loneliness), physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) and sedentary behaviors (total sitting time and TV viewing) were self-reported. Chronological age, race and type of city (state capital or other) were co-variables. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the data (results are presented as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals)., Results: Physical activity was associated with lower odds of both social isolation indicators in boys, and with lower likelihood of having few friends in girls. Greater sitting time was associated with higher likelihood of social isolation, as was low (<1 h/d) [boys: OR: 1.54 (95% CI: 1.33 to 1.77); girls: OR: 1.31 (95% CI: 1.17 to 1.48] and high TV viewing (≥8 h/d) [boys: OR: 1.75 (95% CI: 1.47 to 2.09)]; girls: OR: 1.58 (95% CI: 1.37 to 1.82)]. More than 300 min/week of physical activity was sufficient to eliminate the association of high TV viewing and high sitting time with markers of social isolation in boys., Conclusion: Physical activity is associated with a lower prevalence of social isolation, especially among boys. Both high and low amounts of TV viewing increase the likelihood of social isolation. Physical activity reduced the association between TV viewing and sitting with social isolation among boys., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Our aim was to examine the relationship between insomnia and levels of physical activity (PA) and time spent sitting and TV viewing among Brazilian adolescents. Data from the Brazilian Scholar Health Survey, a nationally representative survey of 9th grade adolescents [mean: 14.28 years (range: 11-18 years)] conducted in 2015 (n = 100,839) were used. Self-reported insomnia, TV viewing, sitting time and total PA (adapted International PA Questionnaire) were collected. Chronological age, race, type of city (capital or interior) country region, goodies ingestion and ultra-processed foods ingestion were covariates. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the associations. A higher sitting time and TV viewing (≥8 h/day) was associated with a higher risk of insomnia among boys [sitting time: OR = 2.39 (95%CI = 1.88-3.04); TV:OR = 2.49(95%CI = 1.92-3.22) and girls [sitting time: OR = 2.17(95%CI = 1.84-2.57; TV:OR = 1.72(95%CI = 1.44-2.04)]. More than 4 h of sitting time per day was associated with higher risk of insomnia in adolescents who comply [boys: OR = 1.43(95%CI = 1.19-1.73); girls: OR = 1.66(95%CI = 1.41-1.94)] and who do not comply with the 300 min/week of physical activity recommendation [boys = OR = 1.35(95%CI = 1.13-1.60); girls: OR = 1.38(95%CI = 1.20-1.57)]. Our data suggest that higher levels of TV viewing or sitting are associated with sleep difficulties in this large cohort of adolescents, irrespective of their physical activity behavior., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The purpose of the study was to clarify the independent association between sedentary behavior and physical activity with multiple chronic diseases and medicine intake in older individuals. Sedentary behavior and physical activity were measured by questionnaires. Diseases and medication use were self-reported. Poisson's regression was adopted for main analysis, through crude and adjusted prevalence ratio and confidence interval of 95%. For men, sedentary time >4 hr/day presented a 76% higher prevalence of ≥2 chronic diseases, while physical inactivity increases the likelihood of using ≥2 medicines in 95%. For women, sedentary behavior >4 hr/day presented an 82% and 43% greater prevalence for ≥2 chronic diseases and the intake of ≥2 medicines, respectively. Sedentary behavior represents an independent associated factor of multiple chronic diseases in older men and women. In addition, inactivity for men and sedentarism for women are associated with the amount of medicine intake.

Objectives: We investigated the impact of a standing desk intervention on daily objectively monitored sedentary behavior and physical activity in 6th grade school students., Design: Cluster non-randomised controlled trial., Method: Two classes (intervention students: n=22 [aged 11.8±0.4years]; control students: n=27 [11.6±0.5years]) from a public school in Lisbon were selected. The intervention involved replacing traditional seated classroom desks for standing desks, for a total duration of 16 weeks, in addition to performing teacher training and holding education/motivation sessions with students and parents. Sedentary behavior (ActivPAL inclinometer) and physical activity (Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometer) were measured for seven days immediately before and after the intervention., Results: There were no differences in baseline behaviors between intervention and control groups (p>0.05). At follow-up (16 weeks), it was observed that the intervention group had decreased time spent sitting (total week: -6.8% and at school: -13.0% relative to baseline) and increased standing (total week: 16.5% and at school: 31.0%) based on inclinometer values (p-value for interaction group*time <0.05). No significant differences in activity outcomes were observed outside school time (week or weekend) between groups., Conclusion: We conclude that a 16 week classroom standing desk intervention successfully reduced sitting time and increase standing time at school, with no observed compensatory effects outside of school time., (Copyright © 2018 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: This study aims to describe the regional prevalence and patterns of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior among Brazilian adolescents., Methods: Data from the Brazilian Scholar Health Survey, a nationally representative survey of ninth-grade adolescents [mean age: 14.29 y (14.27-14.29)] conducted in 2015 (n = 101,445), were used. Outcomes were television viewing, sitting time (ST), total PA, and active traveling collected via self-administered questionnaire. Information on frequency of physical education classes and type of school was collected from the school's director. Frequencies with 95% confidence intervals were used to determine the prevalence and patterns of outcomes., Results: Higher prevalence of PA (≥300 min/wk) and ST (>4 h/d) was found in Midwest (PA = 38.0%; ST = 44.5%), South (PA = 37.6%; ST = 50.1%), and Southeast (PA = 36.1%; ST = 49.3%) compared with Northeast (PA = 29.7%; ST = 36.9%) and North (PA = 34.4%; ST = 34.8%) regions of Brazil. ST was higher among adolescents from private schools (51.5%) than public schools (42.9%), whereas active traveling was greater among students of public schools than private schools (62.0% vs 34.4%). Most inequalities in outcomes between capital and interior cities were in the poorest regions., Conclusions: The results indicate that national plans targeting regional inequalities are needed to improve PA and to reduce sedentary behavior among Brazilian adolescents.

Background: To estimate the prevalence of different physical activity (PA) domains and sitting time (ST), and to analyze the association with sociodemographic indicators. Methods: Data from the most recent nationally representative survey from each of the South American countries, comprising 155,790 adults (18–64 y), were used. Data on leisure-time, transport, and occupational PA (all 3 domains as nonzero), total PA (≥150 min/wk), and ST (≥8 h/d) were assessed by specific questionnaires in each survey. Gender, age group (18–34, 35–49, and 50–64 y), and education (quintiles) were used as sociodemographic factors. Random effect meta-analysis of the association between sociodemographic factors and PA and ST were conducted. Results: The prevalence of PA guidelines compliance and elevated ST in South America was 70.3% and 14.1%, respectively. Women were less likely to achieve the recommended levels of total and domain-based PA. Participants in the highest quintile of education were more likely for elevated ST (2.80, 2.08–3.77), lower occupational PA (0.65, 0.44–0.95), but higher leisure-time PA (3.13, 2.31–4.27), in comparison with lowest quintile. Older adults were less likely to participate in total and leisure-time PA. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the urge to tackle the inequalities in PA practice in South America, especially gender and education inequalities, for leisure-time PA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To examine the theoretical substitutions of screen exposure, non-screen sitting time, moderate and vigorous physical activity with depressive and anxiety symptoms in South American adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic with data from 1981 adults from Chile, Argentina, and Brazil. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Participants also reported physical activity, sitting time, screen exposure, sociodemographic, and tobacco use data. Isotemporal substitution models were created using multivariable linear regression methods. Vigorous physical activity, moderate physical activity, and screen exposure were independently associated with depression and anxiety symptoms. In adjusted isotemporal substitution models, replacing 10 min/day of either screen exposure or non-screen sitting time with any intensity of physical activity was associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms. Improvements in anxiety symptoms were found when reallocating either screen exposure or non-screen sitting time to moderate physical activity. Furthermore, replacing 10 min/day of screen exposure with non-screen sitting time was beneficially associated with anxiety (B = − 0.033; 95 % CI = − 0.059, − 0.006) and depression (B = − 0.026; 95 % CI = − 0.050, − 0.002). Replacement of screen exposure with any intensity of physical activity or non-screen sitting time could improve mental health symptoms. Strategies aiming to reduce depressive and anxiety symptoms highlight physical activity promotion. However, future interventions should explore specific sedentary behaviors as some will relate positively while others negatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Our aim was to verify the incidence of physical inactivity and excessive screen time during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic among Brazilian adults, as well as to identify subgroups that are more affected by the quarantine actions.Methods: The data of 39,693 Brazilian adults were collected through an online questionnaire between April 24th and May 24th, 2020. Information about physical activity (weekly frequency and daily duration), TV viewing, and computer/tablet use (daily duration) before and during the pandemic period were reported. The correlates adopted were sex, age group, highest academic achievement, skin color, per capita income, country macro region, working status during the quarantine, and adherence to the quarantine. Logistic regression models were used.Results: The incidence of physical inactivity (<150 min/week), high TV viewing (≥4 h/d), and computer/tablet use (≥4 h/d), were, respectively, 70.4%, 31.4%, and 37.9% during the COVID-19 pandemic. The younger age group showed higher incidences of physical inactivity (78%) and high computer/tablet use (59%), while middle-age adults (30-59 years) showed a higher incidence of TV viewing (34%). People who adhered to stricter measures of quarantine presented a higher incidence of excessive screen time.Conclusion: High incidences of physical inactivity and excessive screen time were identified in specific population subgroups during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background This study examined the joint associations of leisure time physical activity and television (TV) viewing time with the prevalence of chronic diseases among Brazilian adults. Methods Data from the Brazilian Health Survey, a nationally representative survey conducted in 2013 (n  = 60 202; ≥18 years), were used. Time spent in TV viewing and leisure physical activity, physician diagnoses of diabetes, hypertension and heart disease and information on co-variables (chronological age, education, ethnicity, candies/sweets consumption, sodium intake and tobacco smoking) were collected via interview. Descriptive statistics (mean and 95% confidence interval) and logistic regression models were used for etiological analyses. Results Physical activity attenuated but did not eliminate the risk associated with high TV viewing for at least one chronic disease in the general population [odds ratio [OR]: 1.29 (1.11–1.50)] and among women [OR: 1.31 (1.09–1.60)], adults [OR: 1.24 (1.05–1.46)] and older adults [OR: 1.63 (1.05–2.53)]. On the other hand, physical activity eliminated the risk associated with high TV viewing for at least one chronic disease among men [OR: 1.24 (0.98–1.58)]. Conclusions We conclude that physical activity can attenuate but not eliminate the negative effects of high TV viewing on chronic disease among subgroups of Brazilian adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our aim was to investigate the mediating role of worsening sleep quality in the association of the incidence of physical inactivity, high TV-viewing, and high computer/tablet use with loneliness, sadness, and anxiety. Data of 45,161 Brazilian adults from a nationwide behavior survey, conducted between April 24th and May 24th (2020), were used. Participants reported physical inactivity (PI; <150 min/week), high TV-viewing (TV; ≥4 h/day), and high computer/tablet use (PC; ≥4 h/day) before and during COVID-19 quarantine (exposures). For incidence indicators, we only considered participants without the risk behavior before quarantine. Changes in sleep quality during the quarantine period (maintained/got better or worsened) were treated as a mediator. Elevated frequencies of feelings of loneliness, sadness (feel sad, crestfallen, or depressed), and anxiety (feel worried, anxious, or nervous) during the pandemic period were the study outcomes. Analyses were adjusted for sex, age group, highest academic achievement, working status during quarantine, skin color, previous diagnosis of depression, and adherence to quarantine. Mediation models were created using the Karlson Holm Breen method. The incidence of PI, high TV, and high PC use were associated with loneliness, sadness, and anxiety feelings. Worsening sleep quality partly mediated the association of the incidence of PI, high TV, and high PC use with loneliness (PI:30.9%; TV:19.6%; PC: 30.5%), sadness (PI:29.8%; TV:29.3%; PC: 39.1%), and anxiety (PI:21.9%; TV:30.0%; PC:38.5%). The association of the incidence of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors with mental health indicators is partly mediated by worsening sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic quarantine. • Both the incidence of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors were hegatively with mental health indicators. • Incidence of high sedentary behaviors and physical inactivity were associated with lower mental health during the quarantine. • Worsening sleep quality partly mediated the association between unhealthy movement behaviors and lower mental health indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To analyze the independent and combined associations of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) with self-rated health (SRH) in a large sample of adolescents. Data from 100,873 students with mean age of 14.3 (±1.1) years were analyzed. SRH, PA and SB were assessed by questionnaires. Age, ethnicity, maternal education, geographical region of country, type of city, industrialized and sugary foods consumption were covariates. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the data according to gender. ≥300 min/week of PA [OR:1.12 (95%CI:1.04–1.21)] and <4 h of sitting time [OR:1.42 (95%CI:1.32–1.54)] were associated with good SRH among boys, while only lower sitting time was associated with good SRH among girls [OR:1.32 (95%CI:1.23–1.41)]. Physically active and with low sitting time adolescents were more likely to have good SRH [Boys OR:1.57 (95%CI:1.41–1.75); Girls OR:1.32 (95%CI:1.18–1.46)], than inactive and with high sitting time counterparts. However, high sitting time was associated with poor SRH independently of ≥300 min/week of PA. PA and sitting time were independently associated with SRH in Brazilian adolescents. Moreover, reaching ≥300 min/week of PA was not sufficient to attenuate the negative association between high sitting time and SRH. • ≥300 min/week of physical activity were associated to good self-rated health in boys. • ≥4 h/day of sitting time was associated to poor self-rated health in boys and girls. • Sedentary behavior was associated with self-rated health regardless physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the associations of physical activity and TV-viewing reported changes during the COVID-19 pandemic quarantine with mental health among Brazilian adults with and without depression.Methods: Data of 43,995 Brazilian adults from a cross-sectional, nationwide behavior research were used. Participants reported the frequency on loneliness, sadness (feel sad, crestfallen or depressed) and anxiety (feel worried, anxious or nervous) feelings during the pandemic period. Frequency and duration of physical activity as well as duration of TV-viewing before and during the pandemic period were also reported. We created four categories of reported changes in physical activity (1-consistently active, 2-become active, 3-become inactive or 4-consistently inactive) and TV-viewing (1-consistently high, 2-become low, 3-become high or 4-consistently high). Participants also reported previous diagnoses of depression [yes (PD) or no (nPD). Logistic regression models separating people with and without depression were created.Results: Compared to consistently active participants, to become inactive during the pandemic was associated with a higher odds for loneliness [nPD:OR:1.32 (95%CI,1.02-1.70); PD:2.22 (1.21-4.06)], sadness [nPD:1.34 (1.01-1.77); PD:2.88 (1.54-5.36)], and anxiety [nPD:1.71 (1.30-2.25); PD:2.55 (1.20-5.42)]. Also, people with depression and consistently physically inactive presented higher odds for loneliness and sadness. Compared to consistently low TV-viewing, participants that become with high TV-viewing showed higher odds for loneliness [nPD:1.59 (1.37-1.86)], sadness [nPD:1.68 (1.44-1.96); PD:1.61 (1.21 to 2.15)] and anxiety [nPD:1.73 (1.48-2.02); PD:1.58 (1.12-2.23)].Conclusions: Reported increases in physical inactivity and TV-viewing during the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with poorer mental health indicators. People with depression and consistently physically inactivity were more likely to present loneliness and sadness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To investigate the association between sedentary time (ST) patterns and depressive symptoms, and whether moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) can moderate this association. Methods: This cross-sectional study included a representative sample of 243 adults (mean age 41.8616.7 years, 56.4% women) from a city in Southeast Brazil. Depressive symptoms were estimated through the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). ST patterns (i.e., number of breaks, mean length of sedentary bouts, and number of long sedentary bouts), total ST, and MVPA were assessed using accelerometers. Results: Poisson regression models revealed associations of total ST (b = 0.063; 95%CI 0.011 to 0.116) and number of long bouts (0.108; 0.047 to 0.171) with depressive symptoms among men. MVPA moderated the associations of breaks and longer bouts of ST with depressive symptoms, with an increase of one break/hour, the increase of one long bout, and a decrease of 1 minute in mean bout length being associated with a reduction of 0.211 and increases of 0.081 and 0.166, respectively, in the number of depressive symptoms among men with physical inactivity (breaks = -0.211; -0.360 to -0.063; mean bout length = 0.081; 0.003 to 0.158; number of long bouts = 0.166; 0.090 to 0.242). Conclusions: Interventions that encourage breaking up ST should be helpful to reduce depressive symptoms among people with physical inactivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Our aim was to analyze the associations between multiple lifestyle behaviors and depressive symptoms.Methods: We included 4,725 adults (18-59y), that provided data in routine health evaluations of a hospital in Brazil, followed for a mean period of 3.1 ± 1.6 years. Physical activity, alcohol consumption (measured using Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) and tobacco smoking were categorized as: (1) absence of the behavior (inactivity i.e. not complying with 150 min of moderate-to-vigorous PA/week, not smoking, no risky drinking, i.e. AUDIT<5) during baseline and follow-up; (2) Absence during baseline and presence during follow-up; (3) Presence during baseline and absence during follow-up; (4) Presence during both time points. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Beck Inventory was adopted to analyze patterns of depressive symptoms over time (as exposure). C-reactive protein [HS-CRP]) was assessed and its role in the association was tested. Incidence indicators of behaviors and depressive symptoms were created and used as outcomes. We used crude and adjusted Poisson regression analysis.Results: Fully adjusted models revealed that persistently physical inactive participants (RR:1.71;95%CI:1.33-2.21), those who became physically inactive (1.68;1.19-2.26), with consistently risky drinking (1.62;1.15-2.30), and who became risky drinkers (1.62;1.15-2.30) had higher risk for incidence of elevated depressive symptoms. Vice versa participants with incidence of depressive symptoms over time presented higher risk for physical inactivity (1.44;1.11-1.87) and risky drinking (1.65;1.16-2.34) incidence. HS-CRP did not influence the associations.Limitations: Self-reported physical activity, binary tobacco smoking, and non-probabilistic sampling.Conclusions: There is a prospective relationship between elevated depressive symptoms and adverse lifestyle behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Our aim was to analyze the association between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and depressive symptoms, as well as the extent to which TV viewing and physical activity moderate this association. Methods: We used cross-sectional data from the 2013 Brazilian National Survey (Pesquisa Nacional de Sau'de) of 59,402 adults (33,482 women, mean age = 42.9 years, 95%CI 42.7-43.2 years). Depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), physical activity, TV viewing, and sugarsweetened beverage consumption, as well as potential confounders (chronological age, ethnicity, consumption of candy/sweets and fruit, multimorbidity, education, and employment status) were selfreported. Poisson regression models were used for association analyses. Results: The consumption of 16 or more glasses/week of sugar-sweetened beverages was associated with higher levels of severe depressive symptoms among women compared to no consumption (prevalence ratio [PR] 1.71 [95%CI 1.38-2.11]). Consistent interactions were observed between 1-5 glasses and TV viewing (PR 2.09 [95%CI 1.06-4.12]) and between 11-15 glasses and TV viewing (PR 2.90 [95%CI 1.29-6.50]) among men compared to no consumption, given that the cooccurrence of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and elevated TV viewing was associated with higher odds of severe depressive symptoms. Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption did not interact with physical activity, only presenting an independent association. Conclusion: Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption was independently associated with severe depressive symptoms among women and interacted with TV viewing, but not with physical activity among men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: We analyzed the joint association of high ultra-processed food ingestion and sedentary behavior (SB) with anxiety-induced sleep disturbance among Brazilian adolescents.Methods: Data from the Brazilian Scholar Health Survey, a nationally representative survey of 9th grade adolescents [mean: 14.28 years (range: 11-18 years)] conducted in 2015 (n = 100,648) were used. Self-reported anxiety-induced sleep disturbance, SB (TV viewing and total sitting time), and frequency of ingestion of different ultra-processed foods were collected. Age, ethnicity, type of city (capital or interior), region of the country, and habitual physical activity (global scholar survey questionnaire) were covariates. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the associations.Results: High ultra-processed food ingestion plus low SB [boys:OR:1.44(99%CI:1.16-1.79), girls:OR:1.41(99%CI:1.22-1.63)] were risk factors for anxiety-induced sleep disturbance. The highest risk of anxiety-induced sleep disturbance was observed among those who joint high ultra-processed food ingestion with high SB [boys:OR:1.85(99%CI:1.46-2.35), girls:OR:1.62(99%CI:1.39-1.89)]. In addition, the interaction of high ultra-processed food ingestion with TV-viewing substantially increased the odds of anxiety-induced sleep disturbance [boys:OR:2.03(99%CI:1.61-2.56), girls:OR:2.04(99%CI:1.76-2.36)].Conclusions: Both the high consumption of ultra-processed foods and SB (especially TV-viewing) appear to be independently associated with anxiety-induced sleep disturbance in both sexes. However, the co-occurrence of both negative lifestyle behaviors is associated with a substantial increase in the risk of anxiety-induced sleep disturbance. Future longitudinal research is required to confirm/refute our findings and explore potential mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the association of social isolation with physical activity and leisure-time sedentary behavior among adolescents. We used data from the Global School-based Health Survey, including a representative sample of 296,861 adolescents (11-18y) from 79 countries (48.9% girls, 14.5 ± 1.6 years). Social isolation was estimated by combining the self-reported number of friends and loneliness perception. Physical activity and leisure-time sedentary behavior were assessed through questionnaires. Multinomial logistic regression models were created to analyze the associations of social isolation with physical activity and leisure-time sedentary behavior. Compared with those practicing ≥60 min of physical activity during 1‐4 days/week, social isolation was associated with a higher prevalence of not practicing physical activity (Prevalence ratio [PR]:1.24; 95%CI:1.19–1.29), and a lower prevalence of practicing during ≥5d/wk. (PR:0.91; 95%CI:0.88–0.94). Compared with <4 h/d of leisure-time sedentary behavior, being socially isolated was also associated with a higher prevalence of 4-7 h/d (PR: 1.08; 95%CI:1.03–1.14) and ≥ 8 h/d (PR: 1.24; 95%CI:1.16–1.33) of leisure-time sedentary behavior. Compared with those participants without elevated leisure-time sedentary behavior and with those practicing adequate physical activity, social isolation was independently associated with a higher prevalence of physical inactivity (PR: 1.20; 95%CI: 1.15–1.26) and elevated leisure-time sedentary behavior (PR: 1.21; 95%CI: 1.14–1.30), as well as with both risk factors simultaneously (PR: 1.36; 95%CI: 1.28–1.45). Reducing social isolation could be an important component of future interventions to reduce sedentary behavior and physical inactivity among adolescents. • Social isolation was associated with lower moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. • Social isolation was associated with a higher leisure-time sedentary behavior. • Social isolation was associated with the combination of lower PA and higher SB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Both physical activity (PA) and TV-viewing are associated with depressive symptoms, but the combined association with depressive symptoms is unclear. Therefore, our aim was to analyze the joint association of PA and TV-viewing with depressive symptoms among a large cohort of adults.Methods: We used data from the Brazilian National Survey, conducted in 2013 with 59,401 adults [≥18 years (34,282 women)]. Information regarding exposures (TV-viewing and leisure PA), outcome (depressive symptoms) and covariates (chronological age, race, educational status, employment status, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption) were self-reported. Body mass index was estimated through the assessment of body mass and stature. Logistic regression models were used.Results: Engaging in >5 hours of TV viewing was associated with elevated depressive symptoms [13.1% (CI95%: 11.6%-14.7%) vs. 7.4% (95%CI:7.0%-7.8%)]. However, this association was nullified when people met guidelines and engaged in >150 min of PA per week. Specifically, among men [Active: OR = 1.16 (95%CI: 0.58-2.32) vs. Inactive: OR = 3.63 (95%CI: 2.43-5.42)] and women [Active: OR=1.30 (95%CI: 0.80-2.11) vs. Inactive: OR = 1.84 (95%CI: 1.43-2.36)].Conclusion: Whilst TV viewing is associated with increased depressive symptoms, meeting recommended physical activity levels reduces the association between TV-viewing and depressive symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Our aim was to examine associations between depression and time spent in TV viewing in a representative sample of Brazilian adults.Methods: Data from the Brazilian National Health Survey (Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde - PNS in Portuguese) (n =60,202; ≥18 years) were used. Time spent TV viewing (h/day) was elicited via interview. Depression was evaluated through the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Chronological age, educational status, employment status, alcohol use, tobacco smoking and body mass index were covariates. Descriptive statistics (mean and 95% confidence interval) and adjusted logistic regression models were applied.Results: Five or more hours as well as less than 1 h of TV viewing was associated with increased depression (men: <1 h OR = 1.89, 95%CI = 1.40-2.54; ≥5 h OR = 2.69, 95%CI = 1.88-3.83; women: <1 h OR = 1.50, 95%CI = 1.25-1.81; ≥5 h OR = 1.65, 95%CI = 1.35-2.03) when compared to 2-2.99 h of TV viewing.Conclusion: More than 5 h/day seems to be associated with a higher risk for depression among Brazilian adults (except for older adults). Less than 1 h TV viewing might be a measure-of-proxy for a lower socio-economic status, which is a known risk factor for depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]