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This article investigates an optimal design for a paper-feeding system that minimizes both jamming and simultaneous feeding of multiple papers, hereafter referred to as the multi-feeding rate. A total of 11 design parameters for the paper transfer device, the paper separation device, and the paper guide path are selected and analysed in this study. A test jig for feeding and transferring papers is manufactured to obtain experimental data for use in parameter analysis and design optimization. Back-propagation neural network-based causality analysis is employed to extract five dominant variables among 11 design parameters, and the results of causality analysis are compared with sensitivity results obtained from the analysis of means in the context of experimental design. Five-variable, second-order polynomial based approximate meta-models for jam rate and multi-feeding rate are then constructed, and numerical optimization is performed using NSGA-II, a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm. Finally, two numerical Pareto optimal solutions are verified via experimental testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A watermark hidden in an image is retrieved differently from the original watermark due to the frequently used rounding approach. The simple rounding will cause numerous errors in the embedded watermark especially when it is large. A novel technique based on genetic algorithms (GAs) is presented in this paper to correct the rounding errors. The fundamental is to adopt a fitness function for choosing the best chromosome which determines the conversion rule of real numbers into integers during the cosine transformation. Experimental results show that the dramatic improvement in reducing the errors is successful when GAs are used in decision making. Furthermore, we develop an initial chromosome by comparing the difference between the original image and the rounded watermarked image to speed up the process. In additional to correct fragile-watermarking rounding errors, our algorithm can also be applied in robust watermarking to achieve higher watermarked image quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]