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1. School Governance and Information: Does Choice Lead to Better-Informed Parents?

Author

University of Arkansas, Education Working Paper Archive, Kisida, Brian, and Wolf, Patrick J.

Abstract

Political theorists have long argued that the average citizen's lack of information and lack of clear policy preferences provide the rationale for public policy to be guided by experts and elites. Others counter that it is precisely the practice of deference to elites that perpetuates and even exacerbates the problem of apathetic and uninformed citizens. According to them, requiring citizens to take responsibility for political decisions and procedures motivates them to obtain the information and training necessary to become effective citizens. Here we look at school choice programs as an environment poised to provide insight into this debate. Theories of school choice suggest that parents need to and can make informed decisions that will tend to situate their students in appropriate schools. School choice, in a sense, brings elements of participatory democracy into the world of compulsory education, and thus brings the same potential benefits and problems that have long challenged democratic theorists. Increasing choices to parents may give them an incentive to raise their information levels about the schools their children attend. Akin to the information gathering of consumers in a marketplace, choice parents should have more reasons to gather more information about their schools than parents without options. Alternatively, a lack of any increase in information levels amongst school choosers would suggest that despite the increased incentives to gather information, having choices per se is not sufficient to overcome the costs of information gathering. To test whether the availability of school choice increases parent information about schools, we analyze data from the second year experimental evaluation of the Washington Scholarship Fund, a privately-funded partial-tuition voucher program. We find that presenting parents with choices does lead to higher levels of accurate school-based information on measures of important school characteristics. Specifically, parents in the school choice treatment group provided responses that more closely matched the school-reported data about school size and class size than did parents of control group members. Robustness Check Using Covariates in Ordered Logit is appended. (Contains 4 tables and 6 footnotes.)

Published
2007

2. Risk Managers in Banks

Author

Matthias Efing, Patrick Kampkötter, Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC Paris), and HEC Paris Research Paper Series

Subjects
History, Polymers and Plastics, revolving doors, Pay for performance, risk management, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, German, pay-for-performance, JEL: G - Financial Economics/G.G2 - Financial Institutions and Services/G.G2.G21 - Banks • Depository Institutions • Micro Finance Institutions • Mortgages, Seniority (financial), 0502 economics and business, Remuneration, 050207 economics, Business and International Management, Risk management, Front (military), Finance, 050208 finance, business.industry, Corporate governance, risk-taking, 05 social sciences, JEL: J - Labor and Demographic Economics/J.J3 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs, language.human_language, Incentive, governance, JEL: G - Financial Economics/G.G2 - Financial Institutions and Services/G.G2.G20 - General, 8. Economic growth, language, [SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, Business
Abstract

How do banks remunerate risk managers and what are the implications for risk-taking? Studying 127 German banks during the years 2003 to 2007, we show that risk managers' remuneration is positively aligned with performance-linked pay in front offices (FOs). When bonuses in FOs increase by one Euro, the bonus of a risk manager increases by 13.6 to 33.5 Cents, depending on the risk manager’s seniority. Risk-sharing among employees or labor market competition do not explain this finding. Banks with more aligned incentive pay between risk management and FOs during the years before the crisis of 2008-2009 performed better in the crisis.

Published
2020

3. Between Regulatory Field Structuring and Organizational Roles: Intermediation in the Field of Sustainable Urban Development

Author

Afshin Mehrpouya, Bothello Joel, ESSEC Business School, Essec Business School, and HEC Research Paper Series

Subjects
Sustainable development, intermediation, sustainable development, Public Administration, Sociology and Political Science, Corporate governance, 05 social sciences, rule‐intermediary, Decentralization, 050601 international relations, 0506 political science, Problematization, governance, Urban planning, Political science, Sustainability, 050602 political science & public administration, Intermediation, [SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, Business, Economic system, Marketization, Law
Abstract

Recent contributions in the domains of governance and regulation elucidate the importance of rule-intermediation (RI), the role that organizations adopt to bridge actors playing regulatory or “rule-making” (RM) roles, and those adopting target or “rule-taking” (RT) roles. Intermediation not only enables diffusion and translation of regulatory norms, but also allows for the representation of different actors in policy-making arenas. While prior studies have explored the roles that such RIs adopt to facilitate their intermediation functions, we have yet to consider how field-level structuring processes influence (and are influenced by) the various and changing roles adopted by RIs. In this study, we focus on the mutually constitutive relations between field-level change processes and the evolving roles of RIs by studying the rise of ICLEI (International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives/Local Governments for Sustainability), an RI serving as a bridge for sustainable urban development policies between the United Nations and urban authorities. Using ICLEI as an illustrate case, we theorize four different processes of regulatory field consolidation and fragmentation including: problematization, role specialization, marketization and orchestrated decentralization. We discuss their implications for the RI roles in the field and further theorize the changing dynamics of trickle-up intermediation processes as an RI gains power and influence. This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: Bothello, J. and Mehrpouya, A. (2018), Between regulatory field structuring and organizational roles: Intermediation in the field of sustainable urban development. Regulation & Governance, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12215. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions.

Published
2020