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The total of 3,818 publications collected from the Web of Science database had their collected data measured using scientometric techniques. The search strategy TS=topic for black holes research was refined to 15 years, from 2008 to 2022, and only selected Indian research productivity. The collected data was measured from various angles and types of documents, with 97.590% articles and the highest annual growth rate of 23.664% in 2018. The most prolific author, Ajith Parameshwaran, from the Bangalore International Center for theoretical science, published 119 papers with 32,405 citations (61 h-index). The Journal of Physical Review is the most prolific, with 604 publications and 16,068 citations. The most frequent keyword occurrences are "black holes," with 435 reflected. The Department of Science and Technology in New Delhi is the most prolific, having published 664 papers with a total of 14,346 citations (58 h-index). The black research involved 80 countries, out of which India secured the 8th place in the world's contribution. The prepared research area related to black holes, namely the astronomy and astrophysics research area, is 2,423 with 47.45% of publications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is a bibliometric analysis of the research output of the Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi, in the field of natural sciences. A total of 1313 records in the form of journal articles (984), conference papers (273) and books (56) were analysed. Bradford’s Law and Lotka’s Law were tested and found applicable to the data. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Purpose: Prisoners are at a higher risk of HIV infection compared to the general population. The purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of HIV and related risk behaviours among inmates of the Central Prisons in four states of North India. Design/methodology/approach: The HIV sentinel surveillance was conducted in seven Central Prisons in four states of North India from February to April 2019. Four hundred inmates were included from each prison. The interviews were conducted at the Integrated Counselling and Testing Centre located within the prison premises. The Ethics Committee of the National AIDS Control Organization, New Delhi, granted ethical approval before the start of the surveillance. Findings: Overall, 2,721 inmates were enrolled in this study. The mean (SD) age was 38.9 (13.9) years. One-third of prison inmates had comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS. The proportion of convict (54%) and undertrial (46%) inmates was almost equal. The overall prevalence of HIV infection among inmates was 0.96% (95% CI 0.65–1.40). The odds of being HIV positive were significantly higher in never married inmates, undertrials, inmates who were in the prison for more than three months to one year, inmates incarcerated for multiple times, inmates with history of injecting drug use and inmates with history of intercourse with a commercial sex worker. Originality/value: The findings from the very first HIV sentinel surveillance in central prisons in North India have been presented in this paper. This has huge implications for future policy decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I seek to explore the social nature of food in university hostels in India's capital city of New Delhi. With the increasing migration of students from smaller cities and towns to bigger cities searching for employment and education opportunities, hostels have become a preferred choice of accommodation because of their affordability and security. For many marginalised and economically poor students, these hostels are the only spaces where they can afford to live and eat. At the same time, hostels and university campuses have recently been in the spotlight as sites of resistance and social action. Discussions and debates around hostel fee hikes and food politics mean that there is a need to understand what hostel food represents for migrant students. While there is an attempt by universities to use hostel food to promote togetherness and belongingness, hostel food is also met with counter meanings. A study of hostel food offers us a lens to better understand the sources of contestation within the university and the reasons for protests by migrating students living in hostels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the use and implementation of RFID technology at the Indian Law Institute Library and National Social Science Documentation Centre Library, New Delhi. Design/methodology/approach - A survey was conducted at the two libraries, using a structured questionnaire comprising 20 questions. Findings - It was found that after implementation of RFID in both the libraries the check-in and check-out time is reduced to less than 20 seconds per item, and use of the libraries has also increased. Neither library had calculated the saving of staff time by performing multiple check-out and check-in of items. High cost is the most significant challenge faced after implementation of RFID technology. Originality/value - The paper provides the advantages of RFID technology for libraries and recommends this technology to other libraries for faster and better services to their users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explain the components of competitive priorities of Indian service firms, to find out the competitive priorities of different service industries in India and to find out how these competitive priorities change across low- and high-performing service firms. Design/methodology/approach: An empirical study of 166 firms from five different service industries is undertaken in New Delhi and its surroundings. Findings: The results reveal the presence of three competitive priorities in the services sector in India: cost, flexibility and quality/delivery, with quality/delivery being the most distinctive competitive priority. Hotel and auto-repair industries are found to be focused on controlling costs, while hospitals, banks and private colleges prioritized quality/delivery. For high-performing firms, cost is the top most competitive priority, followed by quality/delivery and flexibility, while for low-performing firms, quality/delivery remains the top most competitive priority, followed by flexibility and cost. Originality/value: The paper enhances the understanding of competitive priorities in the Indian services sector. The identification of competitive priorities of different service industries in India and their dynamics across different industries add value to the current literature and fill an important research gap. Additionally, surveying diverse industries in this paper reveals a holistic picture of the Indian service industry and helps achieve some degree of cross-industry perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the use of information communication technology (ICT) in 31 college libraries in Karnataka, India by investigating the ICT infrastructure, current status of library automation, barriers to implementation of library automation and also librarians' attitudes towards the use of ICT. Design/methodology/approach - Data-gathering tools used included questionnaire, observation and informal interview with selected college librarians. Findings - Application of ICT in Indian college libraries has not reached a very high level. Lack of budget, lack of manpower, lack of skilled staff and lack of training are the main constraints for not automating library activities. Even though library professionals have shown a positive attitude towards the use of ICT applications and library automation, they need extensive and appropriate training to make use of ICT tools. Originality/value - This is a comprehensive study on the use of ICT in Indian college libraries. Its findings should help college librarians, local government and also the University Grants Commission, New Delhi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study proposed and tested three comprehensive models of the usage intention of proximity mobile payment services after a government regulation, by integrating the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and the norm-activation model (NAM). The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of moral norms, merchant pro-activeness and perceived government regulation (demonetisation) on users' continuance intention of proximity mobile payment services. Design/methodology/approach: In total, 387 users of proximity mobile payment services in India were surveyed using a structured questionnaire. This study was carried out with shoppers in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region and New Delhi because of the diverse and large population of these cities. Findings: The results of this study indicated that: integrating the variables of NAM into the original TPB model enhanced the prediction effect; perceived demonetisation regulation exerted a direct determinant effect as well as moderate effect on continuance usage intention of mobile payment services; also, extended TPB model with perceived demonetisation regulation as moderator could satisfactorily predict the continuance usage intention. Research limitations/implications: The results provided insightful evidence for the government and policymakers to outline more effective mandatory regulation policies. Originality/value: This investigation attempts to enhance the theoretical understanding of the antecedents of in-store proximity mobile payment services after government regulation (demonetisation) in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we develop a new scale for measuring helicopter parenting of teenagers in India using a sample of 425 teenage students (aged 13–17 years) in the New Delhi education system. The Minor Teen Helicopter Parenting Scale consists of two validated factors of helicopter parenting we label: Pressure and Intrusion. Both factors demonstrated high validity through factor analysis procedures and high levels of reliability (0.804 and 0.709, respectively). Both pressure and intrusion were associated with academic performance and well-being outcomes. Both factors were an improvement over the Helicopter Parenting Scale (HPS) for this age group. Analysis of the HPS did not yield an acceptable reliability (0.422) for these teenagers under the age of 18. Pressure was more related academic performance and school-related outcomes. Intrusion was more associated with general well-being, self-reported health, and happiness. Results suggest the new measure with two subscales is a more age-appropriate tool for assessing helicopter parenting in parents of children not yet in the college or university life stage. Implications for these findings are discussed and future research is considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following formal economic liberalisation in 1991, business, in particular big business, has gained increasing access to and influence over policy decision-making in India. Industry has been an outspoken critic of national labour laws and has lobbied extensively for greater labour market flexibility. While business has not been successful in influencing "official" labour reform at the national level, it was able to influence labour policy within the National Manufacturing Policy 2011, which curtailed labour protections and implemented "hire and fire" policies. Utilising qualitative data from 40 face-to-face interviews with policy stakeholders in New Delhi, India, this paper aims to explore how business was able to influence labour reform within this policy as well as underscore the wider social welfare implications that may follow. It will be argued that the ability of business to dictate labour reform, while strong, is somewhat variable as competing factors serve to constrain business influence. Furthermore, the extent to which labour laws are hindering manufacturing investment is widely debatable. Nevertheless, curtailment of labour protections, as afforded in this policy, will have a widespread and damaging impact on workers. While the policy promises to empower rural youth, provide gainful employment, and enable growth to become more sustainable and inclusive for its citizens, it is questionable whether these goals can be achieved alongside the curtailment of labour protections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Introducing analytics in a low-tech waste collection environment. • Demonstrating a range of analytics-based solutions for truck routing. • Demonstrating solution time (heuristic) vs. solution quality (optimality) • Tactical evaluation of routes with nearest neighbor and MILP-based VRP. • Strategic evaluation of existing partition of nodes with MST and K-medoids. This paper describes an approach to introducing analytics through various algorithms and applications to users in a low-tech environment as a first step toward understanding such a context. The South Delhi Municipal Corporation (SDMC) of New Delhi, India, have partitioned their collection points into "wards" or clusters, each served by a dedicated truck depot and manually routing trucks for solid waste collection within each ward, with the waste from all wards going to a single landfill. To demonstrate analytics in tactical planning, we implemented the nearest neighbor algorithm mimicking the manual process to provide the baseline cost. Thus, we presented two very different vehicle routing algorithms: (1) a simple but fast revised nearest neighbor algorithm that decreased the baseline total routing cost by 1.57 % and (2) an optimal but time-intensive algorithm using a mixed-integer-linear programming model, which decreased the total cost by 4.05 %. To demonstrate strategic planning, we tested the efficacy of the cluster structure of collection points by comparing its total routing cost (using the revised nearest neighbor algorithm) to that of other partitions obtained with Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) and K-medoids clustering. The existing wards provided a lower waste pickup cost than the alternative clusters we created, showing SDMC that their existing ward structure was sound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper qualitatively documents and analyses the attitudes and identities of female students from the urban disadvantaged social class towards English and Hindi in the city of New Delhi. These attitudes include not only instrumental views of English but also the impression that it creates a new personality for an individual. English is part of the daily literacy practices of the students. It is a tool with which they access knowledge in higher education. Hindi is important for their identity; thus they make a distinction between 'personality' and 'identity'. They see Hindi as a 'national language' linked with Hinduism and the composite culture of a diverse India when in fact this is not the case demographically or politically. The ideologies of status and solidarity are problematic and can be associated with both languages. The data for this ethnography, presented partially through photographic evidence, come from oral and written interviews conducted with 64 Grade 12 students in Hindi and English at the Rajkiya Sarvodaya Kanya Vidyalaya, a girls' high school in a disadvantaged part of New Delhi, India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an attempt has been made to evaluate cloudiness/haziness and atmospheric transmittance factors for the composite climate of New Delhi, India by considering the hourly data of global and diffuse radiation obtained for (i) the city region, experimentally observed and (ii) the flat land region obtained from the Department of Indian Meteorology, Pune. Cloudiness/haziness factor for the two models have been determined using simple regression analysis for clear sky condition for New Delhi. The comparison between the cloudiness/haziness and atmospheric transmittance factors for the composite climate of New Delhi for both the models and regions have been made. It has been observed that the cloudiness/haziness and atmospheric transmittance factors obtained by both models gave fair agreement within an accuracy of 0.57%. It has also been observed that there is a significant effect of region on beam and diffuse radiation due to cloudiness/haziness factors as expected. Further the data of solar radiation obtained from the Department of Indian Meteorology, Pune, have been used to evaluate the monthly performance of photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) air collector. It has been found that an overall thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency of PV/T air collector were about 50 and 14%, respectively. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unfortunately in India, most landfills are located along the banks of rivers flowing through the cities. The interaction of two big, diverse and delicate ecological systems - rivers and landfills - has been investigated in this paper. During 2000, the estimated quantity of waste generation was more than 9,000 tons per day. This is one of the biggest sources of environmental degradation in Delhi, India's capital It contributes to river pollution in a significant way through landfill leachate and runoff, especially during the rainy season. Since the 1950s over 12 large landfills have been packed with all sorts of non-biodegradable and toxic wastes from Delhi. The area covered by landfills is at least I percent (14.83 sq.km) of Delhi's total area. An the landfill sites except Tilak Nagar, Hastal and Chattarpur are located close (0–6 km) to the river Yamuna. Further, these landfills are not engineered sanitary landfills and the waste is dumped at open sites without proper compaction. A high mountain of waste can be seen at all landfill sites without a cover. The leachate produced by landfills finally percolates to the porous ground surface at the landfills or finds its way to nearby drains. A large portion of landfill leachate and runoff produced by these landfill sites finally reaches the Yamuna through ground water flow or surface water flow through the drains. The results of analysis by investigations and environmental mapping during the study clearly indicate that river water quality is affected by the presence of landfill locations, i.e. landfill leachate and landfill surface runoff [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study uses data from an ethnographic study of 32 family members from six families from New Delhi and the National Capital Region (NCR), India, to develop our understanding of entrepreneurial intentions in the younger members of middle-class families of India. The study identifies two critical familial influences, generational congruence and the need to maintain harmony, along with the presence of feministic values, as factors that impact the development of entrepreneurial intentions. The study further confirms that the need to conform to a social image impacts the decisions taken by family members. By highlighting the significant influence that family can have on the development of entrepreneurial intentions, this research points out gaps in how current policies and programs target entrepreneurship development in transforming economies like India. While the limited geographic scope of this study makes the findings applicable only to families in New Delhi and NCR and less generalizable overall, it further highlights the need to conduct similar studies across other parts of India, as well as other countries with similar cultural dimensions as India. The researchers suggest focussing policies towards promoting trust and confidence in entrepreneurship as a potential career option and highlighting the benefits of pursuing entrepreneurship amongst the masses by keeping in mind the cultural and geographic differences across the country. The novelty of this study lies firstly in its methodological approach, where entrepreneurial intentions are evaluated via short ethnographies. Secondly, with a strong focus on Indian family dynamics, the authors have identified novel influences that could apply to other transforming economies with similar social-cultural factors to India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe the clinical and demographic characteristics, virological follow‐up, and management of five confirmed monkeypox cases from New Delhi, India without any international travel history. The viral load kinetics and viral clearance were estimated in oropharyngeal swabs (OPS), nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS), EDTA blood, serum, urine, and various lesion specimens on every fourth day of follow‐up ranging from 5 to 24 post onset day (POD) of illness. All five cases presented with mild to moderate‐grade intermittent fever, myalgia, and lesions on the genitals, groins, lower limb, trunk, and upper limb. Four cases had non‐tender firm lymphadenopathy. No secondary complications or sexually transmitted infections were recorded in these cases except for the presence of viral hepatitis B infection marker hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) in one case. All the cases were mild and had a good recovery. A higher viral load was detected in lesion fluid (POD 9), followed by lesion roof (POD 9), urine (POD 5), lesion base (POD 5), and OPS/NPS (POD 5). The monkeypox virus (MPXV) DNA was detected in clinical samples from 5th to 24th POD. These monkeypox cases without international travel history suggest the underdiagnosed monkeypox infection in the community. This emphasizes the need for active surveillance of MPXV in the high‐risk population such as men having sex with men and female sex workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past two decades, smoke aerosols from crop residue burning have increasingly degraded postmonsoon (October‐November) air quality in north India. We use satellite data and atmospheric modeling to investigate whether cascading delays in monsoon rice growth and postmonsoon fires over 2003–2019 have exacerbated the already poor urban air quality downwind of the fires. Beginning in 2008, a government effort to combat groundwater depletion in Punjab mandated rice sowing until closer to the arrival of monsoon rains. We find evidence of district‐level delays in the timing of both monsoon rice growth and postmonsoon fires, which vary from 1 to 4 weeks with largely an east‐west gradient. These delays are correlated spatially (r = 0.51–0.77), with northern and western districts in Punjab, which rely less on groundwater for irrigation, tending to have the greatest delays. Had the delays in fire activity not occurred, we estimate that cities downwind and near the fire source would have consistently seen less smoke‐related fine particulate matter (PM2.5), on average ranging from 11% to 21% for New Delhi, Bathinda, and Jind during 2008–2019. This net benefit of earlier postmonsoon burning could have been even larger given that (a) a longer rice‐to‐wheat transition could incentivize farmers to find alternatives to burning crop residues; and (b) background PM2.5 is less abundant earlier in the season, decreasing the likelihood of extreme pollution episodes. Strategies aiming to mitigate air pollution while conserving groundwater may be more effective by promoting an earlier monsoon growing season in districts with less groundwater depletion. Plain Language Summary: During the postmonsoon period from October to November, farmers in northwest India have increasingly burned rice residues to quickly clear fields and prepare to plant winter wheat. As seen by satellites, these agricultural fires emit large amounts of smoke that travel to nearby rural areas and populous urban centers, such as New Delhi, contributing to severe air pollution episodes. Beginning in 2008, a government effort to combat groundwater depletion in the state of Punjab mandated rice planting until closer to the arrival of monsoon rains. However, delays in rice planting have led to delays in the timing of postmonsoon agricultural burning. Our modeling results show consistently lower air quality in nearby cities as delayed fires coincide with meteorological conditions that are more favorable for trapping smoke near the surface. Delays in the fire season also shorten the transition period from rice to wheat, thus increasing fire activity further. Strategies aiming to mitigate air pollution in north India may be more effective by stemming the delays in the postmonsoon fire season. Key Points: Punjab, India experienced cascading delays in the monsoon rice growing season and postmonsoon crop residue burning from 2003 to 2019District‐level delays vary from 1 to 4 weeks with a longitudinal east‐west gradient, where western districts experienced the largest delaysDelays in postmonsoon fires have consistently led to increased air quality degradation across north India from 2008 to 2019 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much of the literature on India's nuclear programme assumes that China's nuclear capability drove New Delhi, the strategically weaker actor, to pursue a nuclear weapons capability. China's nuclear tests not only rendered New Delhi militarily insecure and dented its claim for the leadership of the Third World but they also polarized the domestic debate over the utility of the bomb. In the global scheme of nuclear proliferation, therefore, India was just another fallen nuclear domino. Marshalling recently declassified documents, this article revisits India's nuclear behaviour during the crucial decade between 1964 and 1974. By focusing on threat assessments made at the highest levels and internal deliberations of the Indian Government, this article shows how, contrary to the claims made in the literature, Indian decision-makers did not make much of the Chinese nuclear threat. This conviction emanated out of their distinct reading of the purpose of nuclear weapons in China's foreign and military policy; their perceptions of how India could achieve nuclear deterrence against China by using the bipolar international politics of the Cold War; and, finally, their understanding of the political costs of developing an indigenous nuclear response to China's nuclear threat. New Delhi's nuclear restraint resulted from its perceptions of Chinese nuclear intentions and its beliefs about the purpose of the bomb in Sino-Indian relations. India's perceptions of China as a nuclear adversary and its decision-makers' views on the purpose of nuclear weapons in this rivalry were fundamentally different from the expectations set out by the domino theory of nuclear proliferation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Street 'doctory' is a form of peer-based medical care performed in street settings among a group of heroin addicts in Yamuna Bazaar, New Delhi. Using participant observation and semi-structured interviews, this study describes three components of the practice, and suggests that each contained peer learning processes. First, participants conducted procedures such as injections and wound care that involved apprenticeship relationships in which 'novices' learned through observation and participation with 'experts'. Second, addicts participated in illness discussions in which they co-constructed meanings about the causes, symptoms and remedies of prevalent diseases. Third, individuals engaged in health consultancy for peers who were sick which involved synthesising, interpreting and communicating concepts and experiences through meaningful units of advice. Analysis suggests that these practices may be theorised as instances of situated learning involving legitimate peripheral participation, meaning negotiation and learning through teaching. These learning patterns represent opportunities for developing culturally tuned health education interventions that engage and impact the participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the recent past, electronic waste (E-waste) has emerged as a major category of toxic waste in both global North and global South. Particularly, the emerging economies such as India are a major contributor to the E-waste volume in the world today. Accordingly, we attempted to carry out this study to evaluate the journey of equipment from 'electronic products' to 'electronic waste' in the city of New Delhi in India. The purpose was to carry out an exclusive pilot study with the potential to replicate the same at a larger scale in major Indian metropolis which are mostly the hubs of intense E-waste generation. The case of mobile phones (both smartphones and feature phones) was considered as the key representative. A structured questionnaire survey was carried out with 334 purposively selected respondents in the city of New Delhi. Among several other noteworthy findings, we observed that there exists a gap among purchase behaviour of mobile phones, awareness on E-waste and disposal behaviour of these phones. For instance, the relatively high knowledge/awareness about E-waste is yet to be reflected in consumers' responsible purchase and disposal behaviour. We argue that creating awareness among citizens is central to a sustainable E-waste management system and effective policy instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The PRIDE programme aims to establish a suite of transdiagnostic psychological interventions organised around a stepped care system in Indian secondary schools. This paper describes the development of a low-intensity, first-line component of the PRIDE model. Contextual and global evidence informed an intervention 'blueprint' with problem solving as the primary practice element. Successive iterations were tested and modified across two pilot cohort studies (N = 45; N = 39). Participants were aged 13–20 years and presenting with elevated mental health symptoms in New Delhi schools. The first iteration of the intervention, based on a guided self-help modality, showed promising outcomes and user satisfaction when delivered by psychologists. However, delivery was not feasible within the intended 6-week schedule, and participants struggled to use materials outside 'guidance' sessions. In Pilot 2, a modified counsellor-led problem-solving intervention was implemented by less experienced counsellors over a 3–4 week schedule. Outcomes were maintained, with indications of enhanced feasibility and acceptability. High demand was observed across both pilots, leading to more stringent eligibility criteria and a modified sensitisation plan. Findings have shaped a first-line intervention for common adolescent mental health problems in low-resource settings. A forthcoming randomised controlled trial will test its effectiveness. • PRIDE is developing a transdiagnostic, stepped care programme in Indian schools. • Formative evidence supported problem solving as a first-line 'Step 1' intervention. • The format was modified from guided self-help to an active therapy after piloting. • The optimised intervention showed promising impact, acceptability and feasibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The historical water catchments of India's capital city were foundational to the flourishing of settlements that spanned centuries. Today, those water features are held up as 'wise' models of water stewardship for the people who criticise the Indian government's water management shortcomings. This article investigates historical imaginations of infrastructures past with attention to how their example leads to demands for 'smart(er)' water management regimes. It also shows how efforts to revive past water catchments can make meaningful contributions to water stewardship, but that they still risk perpetuating the water access inequalities and middle-class priorities that are identified in a growing body of scholarship on India's water politics. Since the existing scholarship predominantly focuses on exploitative rural-to-urban and inter-urban water flows, this text argues that water politics – including political ecologies of water – are also poignantly revealed in the study of seemingly proactive solutions such as the expansion of urban water catchments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Although Generation Y consumers contribute significantly to the luxury market, still there is a limited amount of research conducted to explain their luxury consumption behavior, particularly in context of emerging markets like India. The main objectives of this study are to understand the key factors that affect luxury purchase intentions of Generation Y consumers using the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and to examine the moderating effect of subjective norm on other TPB variables, namely, attitude and perceived behavioral control. Design/methodology/approach: Purposive sampling method was used to collect data from Generation Y luxury fashion consumers in New Delhi, India. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the data. Findings: The findings of this study revealed subjective norm and perceived behavioral control were positively related to luxury purchase intentions. Further, subjective norm was found to moderate the relationship between attitude and luxury purchase intentions. Originality/value: This study will help consumer behavior researchers and practitioners to understand the core reason behind luxury purchase intentions of Generation Y consumers in India. It will enable luxury brand companies to create suitable marketing strategies which align with the mindset of this new demographic segment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: JIA studies demonstrate that there is a "window of opportunity" early in the disease course during which appropriate management improves outcomes. No data is available regarding patients' pathway, before first pediatric rheumatology (PR) evaluation in India, a country where health-care costs are self- paid by patients and where a significant shortage of pediatric rheumatologists (PRsts) is known. This study aimed to describe time from onset of symptoms to first PR visit of JIA patients to a tertiary center in India and factors that impact this. Methods: This retrospective study is from data collected at the PR center, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital (SGRH) in New Delhi. JIA patients fulfilling ILAR 2004 criteria and seen at least twice from 1st October 2013 to 30th September 2018 were included. Data collected were: demographic details, history of disease, referral practitioner, clinical and laboratory features, treatments. Mann-Whitney U-test, Chi square and logistic regression were used as appropriate to study factors that determined time to first PR visit. Results: Five hundred and twenty patients were included: 396 were diagnosed at this PR center (group A), 124 were previously diagnosed as JIA and managed by non PRsts before first PR visit (group B). Median time from symptom onset to first PR visit was 4.1 months and median distance travelled 119.5 km. Despite ongoing treatment, group B patients had more aggressive disease and resided further away as compared to Group A patients. On univariate analysis, factors that predicted PR visit within 3 months were private patients, short distance to travel, family history of inflammatory disease, history of fever, history of acute uveitis or high ESR. On multivariate analysis all these factors were significant except high ESR and acute uveitis. Conclusion: Time to first PR assessment at this center was comparable to that seen in western countries. Cost of care and long distance to the center delayed consultation; acuity of complaints and family history of rheumatologic condition hastened referral. Possible solutions to improve referral to PR centers would be to increase the number of PRsts and to improve medical insurance coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug therapy in diabetes care along the duration of diabetes has been documented scarcely in literature, especially from Indian subcontinent. An audit of an endocrine practice from New Delhi was conducted to understand the current diabetes practice and its direct cost to the patient. Aims: The aim of this study was to analyze the current trend in the use of antidiabetes as well as other drugs for comorbidities along the duration of diabetes. The study also aimed to analyze the direct drug cost to patients. Settings and Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Subjects and Methods: Data captured in clinic electronic medical records of an endocrine practice was analyzed. Statistical Analysis Used: Data was analyzed descriptively using machine learning codes on python platform. Results: Records of 489 people who attended the clinic during the 6-month period were retrieved. Data of 403 people with diabetes were analyzed after exclusion of incomplete data. Use of antidiabetic drug increased from 1.44 (0.78) [mean (standard deviation)] in people with a duration of diabetes <5 years to 3.18 (1.05) in people with 20+ years of diabetes. The mean number of antidiabetic drug usage seems to plateau at 15 years of diabetes. About 46% of people with 20+ years of diabetes required insulin therapy. Prescription patterns involving a combination of different drug classes in patients were also analyzed. The cost of diabetes therapy increases linearly along the duration of diabetes. Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights on temporal prescription patterns of antidiabetic drugs from an endocrine practice. Metformin remains the most preferred drug across the entire duration of diabetes. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors seem to be fast catching up with sulfonylureas as a second-line treatment after metformin. After 20 years or more of diabetes duration, 46% people would require insulin for glycemic control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Street violence against women ( SVAW) in India is highly under researched. This article aims to understand the contextual factors responsible for the occurrence of SVAW in five cities of North-east India: Agartala, Kohima, Imphal, Shillong, and Guwahati. The aftermath of an horrific gang rape and the subsequent death of a 23-year-old woman in a moving bus in New Delhi in December 2012 served as a wake-up call for the Government of India ( GOI), augmenting the need to understand the issues of SVAW. On December 23, 2012, the GOI constituted the Justice Verma Committee ( JVC) who prepared a 630-page report, submitted to the Prime Minister of India, which identified 'failure of governance' as the central cause of SVAW. Based on some of the recommendations of the JVC report, the GOI passed the Criminal Law Amendment Bill, 2013. Drawing upon semi-structured interviews from qualitative research in combination with a questionnaire survey, this research aims to understand the factors that allow SVAW to persist. Using recommendations of the JVC report and the Justice Usha Mehra Commission, the Criminal Law Amendment Act, , as well as research findings, this article is an attempt to inform prevention strategies aimed at escalating the safety of women in public spaces of the study region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For individuals to make informed lifestyle choices that may help to reduce global warming, they need some understanding of this phenomenon and the factors that contribute to it. However, there is a 'gap' between knowledge about global warming and willingness to take personal action. So, although education may be effective in enhancing student knowledge, the extent to which that knowledge leads to action is unclear. In order to explore this a 44-item questionnaire was designed to determine senior secondary students' views about how useful various specific actions in reducing global warming might be, and their willingness to undertake these various actions. The findings gave insight into the extent to which these two parameters might be linked. The instrument was administered to students in Grade 12 (n=268) from four large schools in New Delhi, India. The findings indicated that this cohort of Indian students exhibited high levels of concern about global warming and a willingness to act to reduce it. These findings are tentatively compared with those younger students (Grade 6-10) within the same schools, and with those from two similar survey studies conducted in Western contexts (Spain and Australia). Implications for the role of environmental education in behaviour change are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mangalaus bkapus n. gen., n. sp. (Acari: Prostigmata: Eriophyidae: Eriophyinae: Aceriini), collected from erineum on the underside of leaves of Cordia dichotoma G. Forster (Boraginaceae), is described and illustrated from specimens collected at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) in New Delhi, India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent research on the differential urbanisation (DU) model has examined the successive stages of concentration and dispersal of population in a set of hierarchy of cities at the national scale in many countries. Delhi, the capital city of India, and its adjoining areas, have experienced dramatic growth in recent years. In order to mitigate the adverse impact of growth, a National Capital Region (NCR) was delineated for co-ordinating growth related activities within the region. Based on the postulates of the DU model, we explore the urban structural pattern of the NCR over the past three decades. Our empirical findings of the growth of cities and towns within the core and periphery of the NCR support the usefulness of the DU approach in assessing the urban regional development patterns. Urbanisation trends, as observed in the hierarchical restructuring of population would have implications for regional development policies and programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the use of yoga as a complementary therapy is common in palliative care, there is little evidence regarding current practice to inform service provision and research. The aim was to explore and compare yoga classes offered by palliative care services in New Delhi and London. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with yoga teachers and participants at two services and analysed thematically. Participants were: in Delhi eight family carers, three patients, and two teachers; in London six patients, one teacher, and one assistant. Six key themes are described: content of classes, symptoms and problems, preconceptions and the meaning of yoga, effects of yoga, challenges, and recommendations. This is the first study to examine the experiences of patients and carers practising yoga in palliative care settings. Recommendations include supporting and educating yoga teachers working with this population, and the need for robust trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In practices of philanthropy and charity, the impulse to give to immediate others in distress is often tempered by its regulation. Although much of what is written on charity and philanthropy focuses on the effects of the gift, I suggest more attention be paid to the impulse of philanthropy. To coerce the impulse to give into rational accountability is to obliterate its freedom; to render giving into pure impulse is to reinforce social inequality. The only solution is to allow both to exist, and to create structures to encourage them. This essay examines the power of the spontaneous and fleeting impulse to give and its regulation through an analysis of contemporary practices of philanthropy and their relation to sacred conceptions of dān (donation) in New Delhi. When scriptural ideas of disinterested giving intersect with contemporary notions of social responsibility, new philanthropic practices are formed. On the basis of ethnographic research with philanthropists who built temples, started NGOs, and managed social welfare programs, as well as families who gave dān daily out of their homes, this essay documents how both NGO and government efforts to regulate one of the most meritorious forms of dān, gupt dān (or, anonymous dān) expresses critical issues in philanthropy between the urge to give in response to immediate suffering and the social obligation to find a worthy recipient for the gift. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines desired family size and sex composition, the extent of son preference, the underlying motivations for the preference, and the knowledge and use of the new reproductive technologies to achieve these preferences in two culturally distinct but economically similar immigrant communities in New Delhi, India. The two groups - one group from Punjab, north India, and the other from Kerala, south India - are considered in the literature to be two extremes in the socio-cultural spectrum, particularly in terms of kinship organizations, gender relations, women's decision-making power, and levels of women's autonomy. The results of the study suggest that shared urban experience, acceptance of a small family norm, and easy accessibility of new reproductive technologies and abortion services have led to similarities in desired family size, preference for sons, and means taken to realize their preference in the two communities. The article concludes with a discussion of the intricate and intersecting views of parents on family size, son preference and daughter neglect, and the many ways of regulating family size and sex composition in urban India, and draws parallel with similar research findings in India and elsewhere in Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In developing countries, aerosol particles damage the health of hundreds of millions of people. Migration from the country side to megacities increases emissions and exposure to particles. Some countries have started to limit emissions based on particulate mass, but this may increase particle number concentrations. In this study we discuss some earlier measurements carried out in the developing world and compare results from one-week measurement campaigns concerning the particle number size distribution and PM10 mass concentrations in New Delhi, India and Beijing, China. Our results show that submicron particle concentrations are high in both places. The average PM10 concentration was 360 μg/m3 in New Delhi and 120 μg/m3 in Beijing. The corresponding total particle number concentrations in the size range 3–800 nm were 63 000 cm−3 and 35 000 cm−3. Number and mass concentrations and their characteristics showed significantly different behaviour between these two locations, which stresses the importance of long-term simultaneous measurements of both quantities in different types of megacities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today more and more organisations are involved in research, action-research and advocacy on development issues, particularly in the social services and human development sector. Most of these issues and themes are inter-disciplinary in nature and characterised by overlapping subject boundaries. Research on such areas therefore generates information which is consequently inter-disciplinary in nature. To manage such information, special libraries and thematic, issue-based information centres have developed. Such libraries are highly idiosyncratic as far as their collection, users, services, queries and information processing are concerned. Describes the special library at The Institute of Social Sciences, New Delhi which tries to establish a synergy between the research focus of the Institute and the information derived from research. The library and resource centre has a computerised information management system, which promotes a collaborative and symbiotic relationship between research and information (i.e. between research staff and library professionals). Suggests ways in which the particular quality of its service can be demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: India contributes the highest share of under-five and neonatal deaths and stillbirths globally. Diagnostic autopsy, although useful for cause of death identification, have limited acceptance. Minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS) is an alternative to autopsy for identification of the cause of death (CoD). A formative research linked to pilot MITS implementation was conducted to document the perceptions and attitudes of the healthcare professionals and the barriers for implementation.Methods: This exploratory qualitative study conducted at a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi, India included the hospital staffs. In-depth interviews were conducted with the doctors, nurses and support staffs from pediatrics, neonatology, obstetrics and forensic medicine departments. Inductive data analysis was done to identify the emerging themes and codes.Results: A total of 26 interviews (doctors, n = 10; nurses, n = 9 and support staffs, n = 7) were conducted. Almost all professional and support staffs were positive about the MITS and its advantage for CoD identification including co-existing and underlying illnesses. Some opined conduct of MITS for the cases without clear diagnosis. All participants perceived that MITS would be acceptable for parents due to the non-disfigurement and preferred by those who had unexplained child deaths or stillbirths in past. The key factors for MITS acceptance were appropriate communication, trust building, involvement of senior doctors, and engagement of the counselor prior to deaths and training of the personnel. For implementation and sustenance of MITS, involvement of the institute authority and government stakeholders would be essential.Conclusions: MITS was acceptable for the doctors, nurses and support staffs and critical for better identification of the causes of death and stillbirths. The key facilitating factors and challenges for implementing MITS at the hospital in Indian context were identified. It emphasized on appropriate skill building, counseling, system organization and buy-in from institution and health authorities for sustenance of MITS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Conduct, anxiety, and depressive disorders account for over 75% of the adolescent mental health burden globally. The current protocol will test a low-intensity problem-solving intervention for school-going adolescents with common mental health problems in India. The protocol also tests the effects of a classroom-based sensitization intervention on the demand for counselling services in an embedded recruitment trial.Methods/design: We will conduct a two-arm, individually randomized controlled trial in six Government-run secondary schools in New Delhi. The targeted sample is 240 adolescents in grades 9-12 with persistent, elevated mental health symptoms and associated distress/impairment. Participants will receive either a brief problem-solving intervention delivered over 3 weeks by lay counsellors (intervention) or enhanced usual care comprised of problem-solving booklets (control). Self-reported adolescent mental health symptoms and idiographic problems will be assessed at 6 weeks (co-primary outcomes) and again at 12 weeks post-randomization. In addition, adolescent-reported distress/impairment, perceived stress, mental wellbeing, and clinical remission, as well as parent-reported adolescent mental health symptoms and impact scores, will be assessed at 6 and 12 weeks post-randomization. We will also complete a parallel process evaluation, including estimations of the costs of delivering the interventions. An embedded recruitment trial will apply a stepped-wedge, cluster (class)-randomized controlled design in 70 classes across the six schools. This will evaluate the added effect of a classroom-based sensitization intervention over and above school-level sensitization activities on the primary outcome of referral rate into the host trial. Other outcomes will be the proportion of referrals eligible to participate in the host trial, proportion of self-generated referrals, and severity and pattern of symptoms among referred adolescents in each condition. Power calculations were undertaken separately for each trial. A detailed statistical analysis plan will be developed separately for each trial prior to unblinding.Discussion: Both trials were initiated on 20 August 2018. A single research protocol for both trials offers a resource-efficient methodology for testing the effectiveness of linked procedures to enhance uptake and outcomes of a school-based psychological intervention for common adolescent mental health problems.Trial Registration: Both trials are registered prospectively with the National Institute of Health registry ( www.clinicaltrials.gov ), registration numbers NCT03633916 and NCT03630471 , registered on 16th August, 2018 and 14th August, 2018 respectively). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]