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Abstract Recently, novel-nanomaterials with excellent sorption capacities, mild stability, and environmental-friendly performance, have enabled massive developments in capturing heavy metal ions. This review firstly introduces the preparation and modification of novel-nanomaterials (e.g., MOFs, nZVI, MXenes, and g-C 3 N 4). Then, the heavy metal ions' sorption properties and the impact of environmental conditions have been discussed. Subsequently, the sorption mechanisms are verified through batch experiments, spectral analysis, surface complexation models, and theoretical calculations. Finally, the applications prospects of novel-nanomaterials in removing heavy metal ion polluted water have also been discussed, which provide perspective for future in-depth research and practical applications. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Novel-nanomaterials have shown excellent sorption capacity for toxic heavy metal ions and can reach the equilibrium quickly. • The effect of environmental conditions on sorption behavior of novel-nanomaterials has been discussed, providing reference for practical application. • The reaction mechanisms mainly include adsorption, reduction, and oxidation. • The cost, toxicity, large-scale applications of novel-nanomaterials in commercial production are analyzed and the solutions are given. The preparation and surface modification of novel nanomaterials and their application in environmental pollution were overviewed. The sorption mechanism was discussed from spectroscopy analysis, surface complexation and theoretical calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Rod-like metal-organic framework (MOF-5) nanomaterial for efficient removal of U(VI) from aqueous solutions. Abstract With the widespread application of radionuclide 235U(VI), it is inevitable that part of U(VI) is released into the natural environment. The potential toxicity and irreversibility impact on the natural environment has become one of the most forefront pollution problems in nuclear energy utilization. In this work, rod-like metal-organic framework (MOF-5) nanomaterial was synthesized by a solvothermal method and applied to efficiently adsorb U(VI) from aqueous solutions. The batch experimental results showed that the sorption of U(VI) on MOF-5 was strongly dependent on pH and independent of ionic strength, indicating that the dominant interaction mechanism was inner-sphere surface complexation and electrostatic interaction. The maximum sorption capacity of U(VI) on MOF-5 was 237.0 mg/g at pH 5.0 and T = 298 K, and the sorption equilibrium reached within 5 min. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the removal of U(VI) on MOF-5 was a spontaneous and endothermic process. Additionally, the FT-IR and XPS analyses implied that the high sorption capacity of U(VI) on MOF-5 was mainly attributed to the abundant oxygen-containing functional groups (i.e., C O and C O). Such a facile preparation method and efficient removal performance highlighted the application of MOF-5 as a candidate for rapid and efficient radionuclide contamination's elimination in practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The synthesis strategies of ZIFs are briefly introduced and summarized. • Batch experiment, spectral analysis and DFT are used to explore mechanisms. • The mechanisms mainly ascribe to coordination and electrostatic interaction. • Large SSA and sufficient functional groups endow ZIFs excellent performance. • Multi-factor influences demonstrate the practical application potential of ZIFs. With the rapid economic globalization and energy development, heavy metal ions/radionuclides are inevitably discharged into aqueous system and cause pollution, which seriously endanger human health and environmental sustainability. In recent years, zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) with huge specific surface area, excellent pore structure and abundant surface functional groups show great potential in the elimination of heavy metal ions/radionuclides. This review systematically summarizes the research progress of ZIFs and ZIF-based materials for capturing heavy metal ions/radionuclides. Firstly, the preparation and modification of ZIF-based materials are briefly introduced. Then, the removal behaviors and possible interaction mechanisms between ZIF-based materials and pollutants are explored through macro-batch experiments, micro-spectroscopy analyses and theoretical calculations. In addition, the partition coefficient as evaluation indicator was employed to objectively compare the removal performance of ZIFs and other commonly used traditional adsorbents for heavy metal ions/radionuclides. Finally, the challenges and prospects of ZIF materials in environmental governance are briefly discussed so as to provide references for future research and practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]