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The article discusses an approach in teaching students about paper towels and absorption that aids in the development of students' inquiry skills. The activity challenges the students to think critically in arriving with the correct answer. After doing the activity, the teacher will make a comprehensive discussion by making a table based on the data gathered by the students. This experiment of paper towels can lead to a discussion on the properties of paper. Moreover, it could result to the development of other science skills such as observation, predicting outcomes, communicating and making inferences. It somehow promotes an inquiry based-learning.

Clinical reasoning is an essential component of nursing. It has emerged as a concept that integrates the core competencies of quality and safety education for nurses. In cooperation with five European partners, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal (IPS) realized the "Clinical Reasoning in Nursing and Midwifery Education and Practice" project as part of the Erasmus+ project. As a partner, our team designed a multiplier event—the student training course. The aim of this report is to describe the construction and development of this clinical reasoning training course for nursing students. We outline the pedagogical approach of an undergraduate training course on clinical reasoning in 2023, which we separated into four stages: (i) welcoming, (ii) knowledge exploration, (iii) pedagogical learning, and (iv) sharing experience. This paper presents the learning outcomes of the collaborative reflection on and integration of the clinical reasoning concept among nursing students. This educational experience fostered reflection and discussion within the teaching team of the nursing department regarding the concept, models, and teaching/learning methods for clinical reasoning, with the explicit inclusion of clinical reasoning content in the nursing curriculum. We highlight the importance of implementing long-term pedagogical strategies in nursing education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the influence of external examination on teaching and learning of Mathematics at the secondary schools affiliated with provincial and private examination boards in Pakistan. By employing the explanatory sequential mixed-method approach, this study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, the Mathematics examination papers of last five years from both provincial and private examination boards were reviewed and analyzed to understand (1) the cognitive complexities required from the learners to solve the questions, (2) the frequency and variety in which the questions were repeated and (3) the chapters of prescribed books from which the questions are selected in the examination of last five years. In the second phase, semi-structured interviews with teachers and students were conducted, along with participatory observation to understand how the examination patterns shape their teaching and learning. The findings revealed that the external examination directly influences teachers’ teaching, and indirectly students’ learning. Both the positive and negative effects of the external examination were found on the teaching and learning strategies of teachers and students, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhancing course design and pedagogy to encourage engagement and creativity is fundamental in doctoral education. Using poetry is an innovative way to enrich nursing education through aesthetic knowing. The authors in this paper aim to describe an educational exercise utilizing the Cut-Up Method to create haiku poems. PhD nursing students used the Cut-Up Method to produce haiku poems describing the meaning of nursing science. Themes from the haiku poems include relationship building, caring and caring relationships, and the evolution of nursing. Learning activities promote aesthetic knowing to facilitate engagement, creativity, and collaboration. The Cut-Up Method and haikus are creative ways of developing aesthetic knowing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtual Reality (VR) as an interactive, illustrative, and immersive learning environment has ample opportunities for the development of language skills. Despite a growing literature on VR-assisted language learning, the benefit of VR for L2 listening is in need of further investigation. To fill this lacuna, the current study surveyed the impact of using 360° monoscopic VR videos as pre-listening tasks on language learners' development of listening comprehension. Sixty English as a foreign language (EFL) learners participated in the study as the control and the experimental groups. Their entry level of listening comprehension was evaluated by the B1 Preliminary listening paper before the study. Listening was taught to both groups by the comprehension-based model consisting of a preduring-post listening cycle. The pre-listening activities of the experimental group included watching and working on 360° VR videos related to the topics of the listening parts of the textbook. The pre-listening phase of the control group included the warmup activities of the textbook. Both groups' listening comprehension was evaluated again at the end of the study. The quantitative data analysis revealed a significant difference between the participants' listening comprehension in favor of those who had worked with VR video as pre-listening tasks. Also, larger effect sizes for Parts 3 and 4 of the test that focused on understanding monologues were evident. The experimental group members were asked to express their perceptions of the experience of working with 360° VR videos in listening instruction by taking part in a structured interview. The results showed that almost all participants found the activities to be inspiring and pedagogically valuable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mixed methods research has become increasingly popular in multiple disciplines. Teaching mixed methods is critical to prepare students for using and evaluating the quality of published mixed methods research to inform practice. However, there is limited knowledge about instructional and pedagogical approaches to teaching mixed methods. The purpose of this paper is to outline strategies for educators on how to effectively teach mixed methods research. Teaching mixed methods requires educators to use multifaceted teaching and learning strategies targeting reflective, experiential, collaborative, and inquirybased learning domains. Including case studies, games, and critical appraisal exercises can result in a more engaging and riveting learning experience for students. A combination of activities targeting varied teaching and learning domains, along with hands-on and student-centered teaching assignments, can be valuable to facilitate student learning of interrelated concepts of mixed methods research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There remains limited work that examines the use of postcolonial theory in sport management, and even less so in sport management education. The purpose of this paper is to outline a performative approach, guided by postcolonial management theory, and its utilization within sport management classrooms. The paper highlights two forms of performativity—critical and progressive—and identifies and discusses specific pedagogies that educators may adopt for student learning about the dominance of Westernized understandings of management and organizations. Integrating a postcolonial management theory, performative approach in sport management education in conjunction with socially just pedagogies seeks to acknowledge and disrupt a reliance on Westernized ideologies. The paper concludes by discussing the significance of postcolonial management theory for sport management education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Health Education England (HEE) and the Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists (RCSLT) have identified the need to increase placement capacity. Speech and language therapy is a shortage profession in the UK, so services need to consider innovative placement models to increase their placement offers without increasing the time burden on speech and language therapists (SLTs). Aims: To increase capacity for pre‐registration practice‐based learning by using peer‐assisted learning (PAL) in a group model of student placement to enable student‐led service delivery which provides high standards of clinical care and student experience and is an efficient use of SLT time. Methods & Procedures: A paediatric speech and language therapy service hosted eight student speech and language therapists (SSLTs) for their final pre‐registration placement. SSLTs completed pre‐ and post‐placement confidence ratings for a range of clinical skills; SSLTs and SLTs rated how useful different types of support were, and education settings provided feedback about working with the SSLTs. The number of clinical sessions completed by the SSLTs and the percentage of outcomes achieved for children with speech, language and communication needs were calculated. SLTs completed time‐trackers for placement‐related activities. Outcomes & Results: The impact of the placements was assessed using a tri‐vector methodology consisting of: self‐reporting by the student (using an evaluation form), feedback from the placement sites (schools) and analysis of targets set for individual children. SSLTs reported increased confidence in all clinical areas in their post‐placement evaluation form. SLTs reported increased confidence in SSLTs working independently and an increase in the perceived benefit to the service for having SSLTs in comparison with the time invested in supporting SSLTs. SSLTs and SLTs found all types of support provided during the placement useful. Schools reported high levels of satisfaction for working with SSLTs. SSLTs completed more clinical sessions than an SLT would have been able to in the time SLTs invested in placement‐related activities. Children achieved 60% of the targets set by SSLTs. Conclusions & Implications: This placement model increased the capacity for SSLT placements by using PAL in a group model of student placement to enable student‐led service delivery. The model provided high standards of clinical care and student experience and was an efficient use of SLT time. Wider use of this placement model would increase placement capacity and could also address vacancies in services. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: What is already known on the subject: SSLTs and SLTs are positive about the benefits of paired placements in comparison with individual placements. Other allied health professions have demonstrated that larger placements can be an effective way to support students and have used students to deliver student‐led services. What this study adds to existing knowledge: This paper is the first to look at whether PAL in a group model of student placements can be used in speech and language therapy to enable student‐led service delivery which provides high standards of clinical care, maintains high standards of student experience and is an efficient use of SLT time. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?: This paper demonstrates that PAL can be used effectively in a group model of student placements in a paediatric SLT service to increase student capacity and enable student‐led service delivery. The proposed placement model provides a high‐quality placement for SSLTs and the children they work with, and is also an efficient use of SLT time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SLA refers to the process by which individuals learn a second language, and understanding its principles and theories can greatly inform and enhance language teaching practices. It is already known that individuals have different style, motivation and needs when learning a second language. Consequently, factors such as prior knowledge, motivation, learning strategies, cultural background, and individual differences should also be considered when designing language instruction to create an inclusive and effective learning environment for SLA students. It is hardly possible to design a particular curriculum for every student individually, especially in bigger classrooms, however gathering data on the above factors would surely help in employing instructional strategies that would provide a well-rounded learning experience for all students. Hence, this research examines SLA research studies and their use to the improvement of teaching strategies, student experience in SL classes and higher results in different aspects of second language acquisition. Analysis of research papers within the expansive domain of Second Language Acquisition (SLA) yields substantial insights; nonetheless, only a fraction is selected to capture the essence of their advantages and the application of their findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, epidemic and pandemic illnesses have grown prevalent and are a regular source of concern throughout the world. The extent to which the globe has been affected by the COVID-19 epidemic is well documented. Smart technology is now widely used in medical applications, with the automated detection of status and feelings becoming a significant study area. As a result, a variety of studies have begun to focus on the automated detection of symptoms in individuals infected with a pandemic or epidemic disease by studying their body language. The recognition and interpretation of arm and leg motions, facial recognition, and body postures is still a developing field, and there is a dearth of comprehensive studies that might aid in illness diagnosis utilizing artificial intelligence techniques and technologies. This literature review is a meta review of past papers that utilized AI for body language classification through full-body tracking or facial expressions detection for various tasks such as fall detection and COVID-19 detection, it looks at different methods proposed by each paper, their significance and their results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I explore Fook's model of 'Critical Reflection on Practice' and how discomfort and vulnerability can become an impediment to authentic critical reflection and transformational learning. This paper is written from my perspective, as an emerging social worker to uncover how the integration of Boler's 'pedagogy of discomfort' and practices of self-compassion into Fook's model of critical reflection can heighten awareness, deepen reflective possibilities, and create more flexible selves. Including a 'pedagogy of discomfort' into critical reflection can serve to guide practitioners and students through the vulnerable process of uncovering cognitive, affective, and habitual patterns linked to dominant ideologies and hegemonic forces. The inclusion of self-compassionate teachings into the model of critical reflection better equips practitioners and students with tools to withstand the emotional labour that results from discomfort and reflection. With these tools, practitioners can reconstruct their experiences with new insights to engage in transformational change for personal and professional growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the extent to which collaborative peer observation of teaching (POT) as a process for teacher professional development could enhance collegiality and collaboration among academics. A single case study was conducted to investigate academics' perceptions of their POT experience in the Vietnamese context. Purposive sampling was applied to select eleven academics at a university. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with individual participants and inductively thematically analysed. The findings show that reciprocal POT and collaborative discourse were perceived to nurture collegiality and collaboration between peers and facilitate their reflection and learning about teaching. Eight participants reported that POT made their peer relationships develop to a collegial relationship due to mutual trust and respect. However, there existed concerns in the peer relationship perceived by three other academics who did not develop collegiality. These findings suggest that to promote academics' willingness and quality engagement in POT, it is necessary to allow academics to decide on the peer dynamics that work for them. It is also crucial to develop a supportive, constructive, and collegial culture whereby academics value POT as a scholarship of teaching. Further research may need to examine the impacts of potential contextual factors in the implementation of POT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Occupational therapists routinely use teaching–learning approaches to support clients in their acquisition of skills supporting occupational performance goals. This paper is the first of a two-part presentation that positions teaching–learning in occupational therapy through a discussion of the Four-Quadrant Model of Facilitated Learning (4QM). The 4QM provides a means of informing clinical reasoning when using teaching–learning approaches in occupational therapy. Although developed to actualise teaching–learning approaches with children, it has the potential to be applied more broadly. This first paper explores the relationship between occupational therapy principles and the use of teaching–learning approaches. It draws on current literature to understand the use of learning strategies as therapeutic tools. In this context, the 4QM is presented as a way of organising occupational therapy intervention when a teaching–learning approach is used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children's language development is a core task in Swedish preschool and central to how educators organize teaching and everyday activities. The curriculum's definition of language is described as extended, with language as both a prerequisite for learning and a learning effect, i.e. both internal processes and communication. This means that working methods and didactic strategies rely on many different epistemologies and thus different theoretical perspectives. Nevertheless, the research literature, as well as assessments of Swedish preschool services, show that educators' interpretation of the curriculum is primarily socioculturally oriented. This does not entirely converge with how language is conceptualized in the Swedish preschool curriculum. Against this background, the aim of this paper is to perform a theoretical and empirical investigation of the extended language concept in the curriculum with the intention to understand what the consequences of this extended meaning of language produce in terms of teaching and learning practices. I have traced various epistemologies in language didactic preschool research and related this tracing analysis to empirical examples from preschool practices. The results of my analysis show that the practices are predominantly interpersonally framed, which corresponds to the emphasis in research. In a further analysis, where empirical examples are read from other possible epistemologies, the practices can be perceived as being multi-epistemological in a fashion which corresponds to the curriculum's conceptualization of language. This is discussed as an opportunity for a didactic strengthening of presently neglected perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to contribute to on-going discussion about the teaching and learning strategies used in effective outdoor education programmes. A naturalistic inquiry was conducted with two schools that participated in 28-day outdoor education programmes facilitated by the same outdoor provider in Australia. Data were collected through five semi-structured interviews with the school teachers and programme leaders and five focus groups conducted with the students. The Life Effectiveness Questionnaire was also administered to 261 students pre- and post-programme and results confirmed that the outdoor education programmes were producing desired improvements in the students' perceptions of their general life skills. The findings of the qualitative analysis confirmed the importance of carefully sequenced activities, a facilitative teaching style, and active engagement as teaching and learning strategies. More research is needed to confirm the teaching and learning strategies that should be prioritised in the education of future outdoor education leaders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the level and sustainability of intergenerational practice in early years and elder care settings in Ireland. The paper is based on a small-scale research study involving interviews with staff in five organizations and builds on findings from previous research conducted for the TOY project (http://www.toyproject.net). The paper examines the pedagogies involved as well as the community context of intergenerational practice in early years and elder care settings. The findings highlight that sustainable intergenerational practice is facilitated by strong pedagogies that support active and relational learning across the life course and by being embedded in robust community networks. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Software process improvement programs are partly founded on software measurement. However, despite their importance, it has been pointed out in the literature that many students are leaving the academic world without the necessary skills to conduct this kind of process. This can be understood by people's attitudes to this process which is regarded as time-consuming and difficult to understand--factors that explain the lack of interest in it during a student's academic life. In light of this, the application of serious games or gamification can show useful alternative ways of meeting this need, because the strategies they involve are well accepted by students and have a motivational and engaging effect on them. The objective of this work is to discover different approaches to the teaching of software measurement and software process improvement through gamification projects and serious games. This involves carrying out a systematic review of the literature, which is aimed at characterizing the state-of-the-art on the use of methods related to gamification and serious games in the abovementioned subjects. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to identify primary studies that address the use, planning, or evaluation of gamification, serious games, their features, and game mechanics in software engineering. We located 137 primary studies, published between 2000 and 2019. Although the use of serious games and gamification in software engineering is not recent, there still remains a large area to be explored, especially in software process improvement and software measurement. The study expands and advances the research on how serious games and gamification proposals can be used for teaching software measurement in the context of software process improvement programs by conducting a systematic review of the literature., Author(s): Lennon Sales Furtado (corresponding author) [1,2]; Rafael Ferreira de Souza [1]; João Luís dos Reis Lima [1]; Sandro Ronaldo Bezerra Oliveira [1] 1. Introduction Software engineering is directly related [...]

Cultural learning is a key feature of culture and our humanity. Although studies exist on children's learning in subsistence farmers and hunter-gatherers, comparable cross-cultural studies have not been conducted for pastoralists. The purpose of this paper is to identify and describe patterns of cultural learning in pastoralists and to compare these patterns to what we know about cultural learning in hunter-gatherers. The study utilizes 13 cultures coded as pastoralists in eHRAF World Cultures. The search located 198 texts in ethnographies with precise information on how pastoral children learn. Overall, we found that children acquired most pastoral skills and knowledge in early childhood, children were most likely to learn from parents (vertical transmission) and non-parental adults (oblique transmission), a relationship between age and specific modes of transmission did not exist, various forms of teaching were the most frequently mentioned processes of learning, and the frequency of teaching did not vary by the child's age. When hunter-gatherer's and pastoralist's patterns of cultural learning were compared several similarities emerged: most accounts of learning occurred in early childhood, children were most likely to learn from parents and non-parental adults, and various forms of teaching were the most frequently mentioned processes of learning. Several differences in cultural learning between the two groups were identified: pastoralist ethnographers were less likely than hunter-gatherer ethnographers to mention learning from peers and more likely to mention learning via local enhancement and stimulus enhancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research driven by government policy in mathematics education has focused on determining teaching and learning strategies to promote engagement for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students. The aim of this study is to systematically review empirical research from 2008–2017 that examines ways to promote engagement and support successful outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students in mathematics. A total of 28 articles were included in the review, and they were examined in relation to research design and the theoretical framework of engagement. Findings indicate that the majority of research conducted are qualitative studies focusing on primary school teachers changes in learning content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge to teach mathematics. There are limited studies with regards to students' behavioural and emotional engagement in mathematics. Finally, teaching strategies that support learning in mathematics including, focusing on language and mathematical patterns and representations are identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Deaths in care homes and "at home" are anticipated to account for a third of UK deaths by 2040. Currently, palliative and end of life care are not part of statutory training in care homes. Reflective practice is a tool that can facilitate practice‐based learning and support. Following a feasibly study to test "online" supportive conversations and reflection sessions (OSCaRS) to support care home staff in relation to death/dying during the first months of the COVID pandemic, a one‐year practice development follow‐up project was undertaken with the aim to create a team of NHS/specialist palliative care (SPC)‐based facilitators to lead and support OSCaRS provision in up to 50 care homes in one region in Scotland—the focus of this paper. Methods: Forty care home managers attended an on‐line session explaining the project, with a similar session held for 19 NHS/SPC‐based nurses external to care homes. Those interested in facilitating OSCaRS then attended three education sessions. Data collected: records of all activities; reflective notes on OSCaRS organised/delivered; a summary of each OSCaRS reflection/learning points; final interviews with NHS/SPC trainee facilitators. Results: A total of 19 NHS/SPC facilitators delivered one or more OSCaRS in 22 participating care homes. However, as of January 2022 only six trained facilitators remained active. Out of the 158 OSCaRS arranged, 96 took place with a total of 262 staff attending. There were three important aspects that emerged: the role, remit, and resources of NHS/SPC supporting OSCaRS; requirements within care homes for establishing OSCaRS; and, the practice‐based learning topics discussed at each OSCaRS. Conclusion: Attempts to establish a team of NHS/SPC facilitators to lead OSCaRS highlights that end of life care education in care homes does not clearly fall within the contractual remit of either group or risks being missed due to more pressing priorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A growing body of research demonstrates that adapting the popular entertainment activity "escape rooms" for educational purposes as an innovative teaching method can improve the learning experience. Escape rooms promote teamwork, encourage analytical thinking, and improve problem solving. Despite the increasing development and use of escape rooms in health sciences programs and academic libraries, there is little literature on the use of this method in health sciences libraries with health professions students. Case Presentation: Staff at a health sciences library collaborated with faculty to incorporate escape rooms into library instruction in a variety of settings (in-person, hybrid, online) and formats (team, individual) with health professions students from various disciplines (optometry, pharmacy, medicine). The escape rooms described in this paper offered unique experiences for students through active learning. Discussion: Important considerations when planning escape rooms for health sciences library instruction include deciding on team-based or individual design, calculating potential costs in time and money, deciding on an in-person, hybrid, or online format, and determining whether grades should be assigned. Escape rooms can be an effective strategy for library instruction in the health sciences, working in multiple formats to bring game-based learning to a variety of health professions students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to be flexible and adapt quickly to changing circumstances is a crucial skill for librarians to develop in a world increasingly characterized by rapid change. It can take a crisis to learn how effective librarians have become in developing the needed adaptive behaviors, including a willingness to change workstyles, experiment with new technologies and readily move on from failed experiments. In this paper, librarians from the Preston Medical Library at the University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, prompted by the crisis of COVID-19, present their response. Beginning with a description of how services were provided prior to the pandemic, librarians detail their response in several key areas and show how they implemented new approaches to teaching, collaboration, and mutual support, working together to handle patron issues and pursue scholarly activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper pursues three objectives: to try and define key features of the digital environment which shape modern educational strategies; to specify how they can promote emerging innovative up-to-date teaching/learning practices if combined with conventional teaching; and to analyse the search and research potential of digital engines for teaching/learning and for linguistic research. The methodology the author relied on in the research was to study the portrait of the modern learner and build the educational approach on it which was designed to combine conventional and digital methods. The digital paradigm shapes the educational platforms and introduces dramatic changes into conventional teaching/learning practices to offer a healthy combination. For instance, it makes teachers reconsider the concept of active learning and reshape projectbased learning, rendering project activities more practically oriented; or rely on few-shot learning, as this format takes into account the changing cognitive patterns of the millennials who have a shorter focus of concentration. The availability and accessibility of abundant Internet resources has a strong demotivating effect on youngsters' attitude towards hard learning, especially training their ability to memorise and to concentrate. The results of the study and applied approach revealed that students compensated for this by improving their creative potential and higher reactivity, which can be triggered by few-shot learning. Information resources can also contribute to research practices and add to the students' creative approach to research practices which is demonstrated by the sample template offered in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this concluding paper to the special issue (SI) we seek to achieve three main goals. First, based on the papers it included in the SI, other recent publications as well as our own ideas, we point to the future directions of research into language learning strategies. Second, we comment upon the methodological issues that such research inevitably has to face, stressing in particular the need to combine a macro-and micro-perspective. Third, we emphasize the pedagogical orientation of such empirical investigations and make a plea for intensive efforts on the part of specialists to find ways in which the findings of LLS research can in fact inform classroom pedagogy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Critical reflection is an important tool used by social workers to develop culturally responsive education, practice, and supervision. Current frameworks provide clearly defined processes for learners and professionals to create culturally safe learning and practice. However, in the models currently used in Australian social work, there is no representation of Aboriginal ways of knowing, being and doing. In this paper, we introduce a new model which integrates, for the first time, both Western and Aboriginal Peoples' epistemologies in critical reflection. This model is intended to be used by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous learners and professionals who are dedicated to creating culturally safe spaces that acknowledge and integrate Aboriginal Peoples' culture and wisdom. The aim of the model is to support social workers to reflect deeply, then integrate and act on their learning in a culturally responsive way that may create transformative practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-reflection has been demonstrated to have a positive effect on the academic growth of educators. Teachers that actively engage in self-reflection are more likely to exhibit an increased interest in the development of innovative teaching strategies, learning, and collaborative practices. This paper highlights the experiences and self-reflection of two teachers of diversity-centered courses, at very different points in their careers: one a veteran Professor of more than 20 years and one an Assistant Professor of less than 5 years. Utilizing both formal and informal feedback from students, both professors reflect on their experiences teaching diversity-centered courses. Recommendations and implications for new and established professionals and the broader community of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Learning‐by‐teaching is a generative learning strategy in which students are told they will have to teach what they are learning to others. Although learning‐by‐teaching has been shown to be effective in some cases, few studies have established guidelines for how to optimize the benefits of learning‐by‐teaching as a generative learning strategy from a social presence perspective. Objectives: This study seeks to clarify the learning‐by‐teaching hypothesis and to pinpoint the optimal level of social presence during learning‐by‐teaching that is most conducive to learning. Methods: In Experiment 1, college students received a lesson with instructions that afterwards they would explain the material to others by making a video, explain the material aloud to themselves, or restudy the material. In Experiment 2, college students viewed a multimedia lesson with instructions that afterwards they would explain the materials by making a video, explain to an onscreen student, or explain to a student in person. Results and Conclusions: Teaching by making a video was better than restudying, self‐explaining, and teaching face‐to‐face or online. Teaching quality was better in video teaching than self‐explaining and face‐to‐face or online teaching. Teaching by making a video is ideal because it primes generative processing while minimizing extraneous processing. Implications: This study is the first to manipulate different levels of social presence of oral teaching to determine the optimal form of learning‐by‐teaching, which preliminarily clarifies generative learning and social presence theory and has implications for both empirical and theoretical research. Lay Description: What is already known about this topic: Learning‐by‐teaching is a generative learning strategy in which learners are told they will explain the material in the lesson to others after the lesson.Although learning‐by‐teaching has been shown to be effective in some cases, few studies have established guidelines for how to optimize the benefits of learning‐by‐teaching as a generative learning strategy from a social presence perspective. What this paper adds: Teaching by making a video was better than restudying, self‐explaining, and teaching face‐to‐face or online.Teaching quality was better in video teaching than self‐explaining and face‐to‐face or online teaching.Making a video creates suitable and lower social presence but more generative processing.This work shows the importance of balancing the positive effects of a moderate amount of social presence as a motivator with the potential negative effects of too much social presence as a distractor. Implications for practice and/or policy: Instructors should encourage students to record an instructional video explaining what they learned from a lesson. This serves as a generative learning activity that is more effective than self‐explaining or restudying the materials.The sense of social presence during teaching activities should not be too high. Thus, asking students to teach face‐to‐face is not a recommended approach.Instructors should set an appropriate level of social presence and take care to avoid adding extraneous distractions when implementing learning‐by‐teaching to help students achieve an optimal learning performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The present study analyses the design of programming literacy in the sixth grade of Primary Education, starting from the use of simple activities with visual block‐based programming, through Scratch, and progressively linking difficulty to the use of the Unity engine, and the C# language, with simple activities identical to those created in Scratch. Objectives: This research aims to evaluate future teachers' abilities and attitudes regarding programming and its educational possibilities. We intend to evaluate the viability of a teaching proposal that combines a visual block‐based programming environment and a more advanced one, based on C#. Method: In the settings of two public Spanish universities, we analyse the possibilities in the training of future teachers who are studying for a degree in Primary Education Teaching and a degree in Pedagogy. Based on a test and three scales, descriptive data and statistical inference are detailed through a quasi‐experimental design with a Student's t‐test in the first dimension, and a Wilcoxon test in the second dimension. Results: The participants improved their performance and attitudes towards programming with the intervention of the study in the use of coding. Conclusions: It can be concluded that coding is essential in teacher training, and that a greater presence of programming training in higher education is essential. The benefits are visible in the pedagogical approach of coding related to creativity, innovation, motivation, an active approach and interest, highlighting the fact that the implementation of visual block‐based programming by blocks and engines is feasible in Elementary Education. The training proposal—provided by appropriate progression, selection, and sequencing of content—fosters basic and practical teacher training, and this can be defined as an apt training solution. Lay Description: What is already known about this topic: Visual Programming Language (Scratch) provides benefits in educational contextsEducational Technology in classroom provides motivation and encouragement.Active methods and interactions are interesting and beneficial to elementary school students What this paper adds: Visual programming and game engine are feasible in Elementary Education, detailing significant improvements regarding academic outcomesWe found benefits in this pedagogical approach related to creativity, innovation, motivation, active approach and interest. Implications for practice and/or policy: Due to the benefits and positive results obtained in this research it is recommended to implement Visual Programming LanguageWe recommend the introduction to engine in educational settings in 6th grade in primary education though a cross‐curricular implementation.We recommend to apply an active approach, innovation, and learning computational concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The operative and non-technical skills exposure of urology trainees has reduced due to a number of factors, including the European Working Time Directive, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Simulation-based education (SBE) is an innovative addition to clinical experience which can begin to address the skills-based learning deficiency in order to help trainees meet their curriculum requirements and optimise the exposure required for a trainee to become a competent general urology consultant. Surgical simulation is an effective training tool but has a complex implementation process, requiring considerable planning tailored to specific educational targets, to ensure it is sustainable and reproducible. Methodology from the field of implementation science offers an invaluable approach to design an effective simulation-based training adjunct, as exemplified by the example of the UK Urology Simulation Boot Camp (USBC), a comprehensive training course which incorporates core technical and non-technical skills based on the current Joint Committee on Surgical Training (JCST) urological training curriculum to equip newly appointed urology trainees to work as competent junior registrars. Delivered annually in Leeds since 2015, the course has had excellent feedback and results in improving the urological knowledge of trainees, as well as increases in trainees' confidence. This paper will provide a summary of how the course was designed, delivered, reproduced, sustained and evaluated. Its success is demonstrated by its incorporation into the UK urology training programme, and since 2018, it is now recommended to all new urology residents in the UK. The course implementation model would be applicable to other surgical specialties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The purpose of this paper is to explore the motivation and expectations of stakeholders (students, teachers, and employers) related to their participation in simulated work-integrated learning (WIL) taking place in a form of work-related projects in an academic environment. Analysis is based on data gathered from 49 students, four teachers and six employers who participated in WIL within four different units of study in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) at the University of Zagreb, Faculty of Organization and Informatics (FOI), Croatia. The findings of this research revealed that student learning, student career development and increasing quality of learning and teaching are common motivational factors for stakeholders' participation in WIL. Additional factors pertinent to respective stakeholders' motivation and expectations are also detected. The results of this study can help higher education institutions (HEIs) in the organization of WIL practices to increase motivation and meet expectations of all stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on first-year Pre-service Engineering Graphics and Design teachers (PSEGDTs), as studies on the spatial-visual abilities of PSEGDTs is absent in mainstream spatial-visual literature. This paper reports on a teaching resource designed to support PSEDGTs' reading and interpreting AD. Data is presented in response to the following research questions, Does the comprehension of Assembly Drawing by PSEGDTs, alter after exposure to the teaching resource, if so how and, what contributed to the change? Twenty- one first-year PSEDGTs who participated in the authors' more extensive study were deliberately chosen to partake in this research. Individual interviews and focus group interviews were employed to develop data. Content analysis was embraced to elicit meaning from the data. The results highlight a significant improvement in most first-year PSEGDTs ability to read and interpret assembly drawings after the teaching resource. The research proposes an innovative strategy for teaching and learning of assembly drawing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Though the benefits of social-emotional competence (SEC) are well-recognized, measuring it and designing appropriately matched interventions remains elusive and methodologically challenging. This paper shares formative research designed to uncover the SEC of one secondary school health teacher's students and to help her make evidence-based curricular and instructional decisions. Design/methodology/approach: Inspired by bibliguidance (or bibliotherapeutic) approaches to well-being, the researchers and teacher developed a fiction literature curriculum intended to foster SEC and health literacy skills. A mixed-method approach was used to gather and analyze data from 133 students and a teacher. A survey and journal entries embedded into the curriculum, and an interview were the sources. Findings: Results indicate the curriculum paired well with national standards for health education and a respected SEC framework; it also served well as a vehicle to reveal students' SEC. Students appeared to be competent in some areas and less in others, and there were differences between self-assessed and expressed competence. Practical implications: Biblioguidance approaches to developing SEC in health education and other school subjects are worth continued investigation. The current results will be used to revise the curriculum and to develop supplemental materials. Originality/value: In sharing the processes and findings, the authors hope teachers seeking to foster their students' SEC will replicate this work. Further, they hope health educators will gain recognition as the ideal professionals to deliver social-emotional learning instruction in schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses changes in attitudes towards politics among the students of a Bachelor of Communication degree program in Spain after applying an educational innovation project including a formal civic education, an open classroom climate and collaborative learning strategies in politics. The effects of the project on the knowledge and interest towards politics of the participants were measured through a mixed methodology. First, a survey was administered both before and after the project was implemented. Second, focus groups were also conducted in both referred moments. The results show an increase in both understanding and having an interest in politics among students. In the context of low levels of formal instruction on politics during secondary school, such as in the Spanish case, these findings show that political disaffection among youth relates to a serious lack of knowledge about politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much of the literature on teaching qualitative research consists of instructional philosophies or descriptions of classroom activities. Little has been written about the actual experience of a qualitative research course, especially from the students’ perspective. Writing about a course without the voices of those being taught would be like critiquing a meal only by speaking with those who cooked it: we might know what was intended but not what was experienced. Thus, this collaborative paper, written from the perspectives of both instructor and students, offers a unique multilensed view of a course on qualitative social work research. Doctoral students from diverse backgrounds describe their struggles, frustrations, and moments of illumination as they engaged with this new paradigm of knowledge. Because no teaching module will affect all students in the same way, their reflections also explore the role of culture and individual history in shaping response to qualitative methods. Theories of adult learning are suggested as a way to assist the process of adjustment to what are, for many, unsettling new concepts. Students’ experiences are then compared with the existing literature. The paper concludes with applications of qualitative research for social justice and human rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The overarching goal of this research project is to develop a set of theoretical and empirical based design principles to support student engagement in flipped mathematics learning. We used a design‐based research approach in which a series of studies was conducted in a secondary school. First, an analysis of practical problems was performed via exploratory studies (Studies 1A and 1B), randomized experiments (Studies 2A and 2B), and a literature review (Study 3). Second, a basic flipped lesson prototype was developed based on our empirical findings and relevant theoretical work of student engagement and self‐determination theory. Third, we refined and evaluated our practice with two empirical studies (Studies 4 and 5). Finally, we reflected on each stage of our research project to produce a set of design principles for future practice. This study thus contributes to our knowledge of methods to support student engagement in flipped mathematics learning. Lay Description: What is already known about this topic: Flipped learning can increase student achievement in mathematics education.After flipping, studies reported non‐significant or even negative results in terms of student engagement.Little work has been done to support student engagement in flipped learning. What this paper adds: This study investigated methods to support student engagement in flipped mathematics learning.A 2‐year design‐based research was conducted consisting of a series of five studies.Theoretical work of student engagement and self‐determination theory were drawn. Implications for practice and/or policy: The use of group competitions increased student engagement in flipped mathematics learning.Peer interaction inside the classroom fostered students' cognitive engagement.Design principles are proposed to support student engagement in future practice.The principles cover five major instructional activities of flipped learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To synthesize evidence on the use of social media in nursing and midwifery education. Background Social media is one type of online platform that is being explored to determine if there is value in using interactive, digital communication tools to support how nurses and midwives learn in a variety of settings. Design A sequential explanatory synthesis approach will be used for this mixed study review. Method Five bibliographic databases; PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, and ERIC will be searched using a combination of keywords relevant to social networking and social media, nursing and midwifery, and education. The search will not be limited by year of publication. Titles, abstracts, and full papers will be screened by two independent reviewers against inclusion and exclusion criteria, with any disagreements resolved via a third reviewer. Selected studies will undergo quality assessment and data extraction. Data synthesis will occur in three sequential phases, with quantitative and qualitative data analysed separately and then integrated where possible to provide a conceptual framework illustrating learning via social media. Funding for this review was confirmed in May 2016 by Sigma Theta Tau International and the National League for Nursing. Discussion The mixed study systematic review will produce the first rigorous synthesis on the use of social media in nursing and midwifery education and will have important implications for educators as well as students. It will also highlight knowledge gaps and make recommendations on the use of this novel technology in higher and continuing education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic librarians are encountering a growing number of English Language Learners (ELLs) every day, as our classrooms have become more linguistically diverse every year. In this dramatically changing environment, academic librarians are expected to meet the needs of increasingly diverse students speaking multiple languages. The purpose of this paper is to present widely used teaching strategies to support ELLs based on an exhaustive literature review. Study also suggests collaboration among ESL or classroom instructors and librarians to enhance semester-long learning experience. Keywords: information literacy, English language learners, teaching strategies, Introduction Academic librarians are encountering a growing number of English Language Learners (ELLs) every day. Classrooms become more linguistically diverse every year with many students with varied English language skill [...]

Background and Purpose.: The physical therapy education community is actively engaged in planning and developing an approach to competency-based education in physical therapy (CBEPT). The creation of an underlying framework for education research in CBEPT can provide guidance in identifying key areas of needed study, give direction for future research, and provide opportunities for collaboration. The purpose of this article is to 1) describe the critical concepts of CBEPT as both an educational philosophy and design and 2) identify a working education research framework, examples of potential research questions, and associated methodological considerations. Position and Rationale.: As the movement in CBEPT evolves, we have the opportunity to propose a working framework and potential research questions for our education community. An initial step in the development of a research framework was review of a model paper from medical education that proposed a research agenda for competency-based medical education. We developed a draft of categories and related research questions and then used an iterative group process that included members of the Education Leadership Partnership Education Research Network to review and provide feedback. Core areas for investigation include learners, the learning environment, learning progression, and faculty development needs along with examples of potential research questions in each area. Discussion and Conclusion.: The development of a research framework for CBEPT that can guide much needed education research is critical and timely for the profession. Evidence is vital to widespread adoption, informed and refined processes, understanding, and infrastructure development all linked with the ultimate aim of CBEPT—learner development and meeting societal needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a list of some of themes for the 2004-2005 publishing year of the periodical "Science Scope." For the September 2004 issue, the periodical is looking for article about the following: strategies to hook students on science from the first day; ways to make students welcome and comfortable; pitfall strategies to be avoided at the start of the year; Areas to being science instruction. For future issues, the periodical is looking for articles with the following topics: history and nature of science; at-home laboratory activities and family science programs; science related issues and debates in society.

In 2019 a South African university adapted its program for initial teacher training to substitute school-based workintegrated learning in the first year with a non-placement campus-based program called Professional Orientation Program (POP). This paper deals with the rationale, aims and conceptualization of the program. It furthermore shares data collected from participating students regarding their expectations and experiences of the POP, their views on the contribution of the program to raising awareness of professional teacher identity, and suggestions to improve the POP. The findings in this article suggest that this non-placement WIL program positively influenced the development of students' personal and pre-professional identities and created an awareness of the challenges posed by the profession, laying a solid foundation for teacher training. The focus on reflective practice promoted personal growth and invited students to self-directed learning and critical thinking that can bridge the gap between theory and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advance Teaching pedagogy is one of the innovative approaches to enhance teaching learning process. Due to the development of new technologies and development of many globalization, teaching learning process plays a vital role among students where the education has been expanded to macro level. Hybrid teaching includes e learning in addition to the face to face teaching. In this paper, various innovative learning strategies for modern technology are discussed in details. Use of smart gadgets for different tasks like teaching, designing question papers, assessment of student, feedback and research methodology are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose ? The purpose of this study is to identify the types of questions that students ask during the learning of chemistry; discuss the role of students'' questions in the process of constructing knowledge, and investigate the relationship between students'' questions, approaches to learning, and learning styles. Design/methodology/approach ? The questions raised by 100 first-year chemistry students in Science and Engineering courses at the University of Aveiro, Portugal, were collected. These students were invited to complete Kolb''s Learning Styles Inventory (LSI) and were observed during diverse class activities. Ten of these students were then selected for interview. Findings ? The paper finds that the data enable the placement of students at different stages of learning development, at an ?acquisition?, ?specialisation? or ?integration? phase. The ten interviews confirm the results of the LSI survey, and indicate that these students show either ?deep? or ?surface? approaches to learning, with evidence of a meso approach (intermediate between the two, with characteristics of both). The paper concludes that it is possible to relate students'' questions to their learning styles and approaches to learning. Students, who show a surface approach and stay within the acquisition stage, tend to formulate low-level questions. Students at the other end of this continuum seem disposed to ask higher-level questions. Research limitations/implications ? The generalisability of the overall study is limited because of the few students involved in the interviews. However, there are some clear pointers here for the relationship between the level of students'' question asking and increasing sophistication in learning. Practical implications ? Appreciating the diversity of learners, and their approaches to learning, enhances the possibilities of improving the quality of teaching at this level. Originality/value ? This paper expands on two congruent models that are frequently considered separate and distinct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose ? The purpose of this paper is to explore the field of learning, learning style, meta-cognition, strategies and teaching by classifying different levels of the learning process. The paper aims to present an attempt to identify how students' awareness of learning style and teachers' matched instruction might affect students' learning and motivation. Design/methodology/approach ? The paper is a conceptual paper in which a theoretical framework built on empirical research was identified by connecting and systemizing different parts of the learning process. Findings ? The paper finds that teaching based on individual learning styles is an effective way to ensure students' achievement and motivation. Awareness of learning styles, it is argued, influences meta-cognition and choice of relevant learning strategies. Consciousness of own improvement provides students with new perspectives of their learning potential. Such positive academic experiences may enhance self-efficacy. Originality/value ? The paper provides useful information on unraveling concepts, methods and effects which can aid students, teachers and researchers in understanding, evaluating and monitoring learning, thus having practical implications for promoting lifelong learning, self-efficacy and salutogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose ? The purpose of this paper is to provide a new approach towards the understanding of teacher-student relationships in the context of management education in China, and to promote collaborative learning. Design/methodology/approach ? The paper critiqued the current model of management education in China and highlight the reasons from a cultural and historical perspective. With examples from her teaching practices the author argued why a new teacher-student relationship is necessary in developing China's future managers. Findings ? Creativity and innovativeness of Chinese learners can be fostered by a collaborative approach of teaching and learning. Practical implications ? Management educators in China need to challenge their deeply held assumptions about teaching and learning, and actively experiment with new approaches towards developing students' critical thinking ability and creativity rather than reinforce the established power relations between teacher and student. Originality/value ? This paper offers a new perspective towards understanding teacher-student relationships in China which has the potential to transform both teachers and students, and to contribute to the development of a new generation of competent Chinese managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Design is an inherently complex activity. Design thinking is cognitively complex and design practice is contextually complex. This has implications for university-level design education which has traditionally displayed clear distinctions between the full-time and part-time 4undergraduate sectors, particularly in their teaching and learning strategies. However, a number of pressures and trends are evident which suggest that these two sectors are moving closer together. One of the drivers in this phenomenon is the need for students to be exposed to realistic levels of design complexity. This paper examines complexity in design and draws some significant parallels between modern design practice in general and the production of a new undergraduate course at the Open University. Both are used to illuminate design complexity. The paper suggests that some of the tools, techniques and approaches of part-time, undergraduate, distance design education might usefully be exploited in more traditional, full-time course models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to growing curriculum pressures and reduced time dedicated to teaching anatomy, research has been conducted into developing innovative teaching techniques. This raises important questions for neuroanatomy education regarding which teaching techniques are most beneficial for knowledge acquisition and long-term retention, and how they are best implemented. This focused systematic review aims to provide a review of technology-enhanced teaching methods available to neuroanatomy educators, particularly in knowledge acquisition and long-term retention, compared to traditional didactic techniques, and proposes reasons for why they work in some contexts. Electronic databases were searched from January 2015 to June 2020 with keywords that included combinations of 'neuroanatomy,' 'technology,' 'teaching,' and 'effectiveness' combined with Boolean phrases 'AND' and 'OR.' The contexts and outcomes for all studies were summarised while coding, and theories for why particular interventions worked were discussed. There were 4287 articles identified for screening, with 13 studies included for final analysis. There were four technologies of interest: stereoscopic views of videos, stereoscopic views of images, augmented reality (AR), and virtual reality (VR). No recommendation for a particular teaching method was made in six studies (46%) while recommendations (from weak to moderate) were made in seven studies (54%). There was weak to moderate evidence for the efficacy of stereoscopic images and AR, and no difference in the use of stereoscopic videos or VR compared to controls. To date, technology-enhanced teaching is not inferior to teaching by conventional didactic methods. There are promising results for these methods in complex spatial anatomy and reducing cognitive load. Possible reasons for why interventions worked were described including students' engagement with the object, cognitive load theory, complex spatial relationships, and the technology learning curve. Future research may build on the theorised explanations proposed here and develop and test innovative technologies that build on prior research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotions play an important role in human-computer interaction, but there is limitedresearchonaffectiveandemotionalvirtualagentdesignintheareaof teaching simulations for healthcare provision. The purpose of this work is twofold: firstly, to describe the process for designing affective intelligent agents that are engaged in automated communications such as person to computer conversations, and secondly to test a bespoke prototype digital intervention which implements such agents. The presented study tests two distinct virtual learning environments, one of which was enhanced with affective virtual patients, with nine 3rd year nursing students specialising in mental health, during their professional practice stage. All (100%) of the participants reported that, when using the enhanced scenario, they experienced a more realistic representation of carer/patient interaction; better recognition of the patients' feelings; recognition and assessment of emotions; a better realisation of how feelings can affect patients' emotional state and how they could better empathise with the patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]