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Background: The scarcity of sepsis epidemiologic data from most low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) hampered estimation of regional and global burden of the disease, and provided limited guidance for policy makers. We aimed to characterize and analyze the temporal trends of sepsis-related mortality in China, by population groups, underlying causes of death, geographic regions, and sociodemographic index (SDI) levels. Methods: Sepsis-related deaths were identified from the National Mortality Surveillance System (NMSS) of China from 2006 to 2020. Trends of sepsis-related mortality and years of life lost (YLLs), stratified by age, sex, underlying diseases, and regions were analyzed using the Jointpoint regression analysis. We investigated the association of SDI with trends of sepsis-related mortality. Results: In 2020, sepsis was estimated to be responsible for 986,929 deaths and 17.1 million YLLs in China. Age-standardized sepsis-related mortality significantly declined from 130.2 (95%CI, 129.4–131) per 100,000 population in 2006 to 76.6 (76.3–76.9) in 2020. Age-standardized YLLs decreased from 2172.7 (2169.4–2176) per 100,000 population in 2006 to 1271 (1269.8–1272.2) in 2020. Substantial variations of sepsis-related mortality and YLLs were observed between population groups and regions, with higher burden in males, the elderly, and western China. An inverse relation was noted between SDI and sepsis-related mortality or YLLs. Conclusions: Despite declining trends of age-standardized mortality and YLLs of sepsis in China, significant disparities between population groups and regions highlight a need for targeted policies and measures to close the gaps and improve the outcome of sepsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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