1. Nicotine matters in predicting subsequent smoking after e-cigarette experimentation: A longitudinal study among Finnish adolescents.
- Author
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Kinnunen JM, Ollila H, Minkkinen J, Lindfors PL, Timberlake DS, and Rimpelä AH
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Cohort Studies, Female, Finland epidemiology, Follow-Up Studies, Forecasting, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tobacco Smoking epidemiology, Vaping epidemiology, Adolescent Behavior psychology, Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems, Nicotine administration & dosage, Tobacco Smoking psychology, Vaping psychology
- Abstract
Background: Several studies indicate an association between e-cigarette use and subsequent smoking among youth. However, most previous studies lack measures of the nicotine content of e-liquid and have not usually measured regular smoking., Methods: We tested the association between e-cigarette use, with and without nicotine, and subsequent daily use of conventional cigarettes and nicotine e-cigarettes among study population of 3474 students. A survey was conducted in lower secondary schools of the Helsinki metropolitan area, Finland, with 15 - 16-year-olds in 2014 (baseline) and in upper secondary schools in 2016 when the cohort was 17 - 18-year-olds (follow-up). Firth logistic regression and generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) were used., Results: Of students, 25% had experimented with nicotine e-cigarettes at baseline and 40% at follow-up. Among baseline never-smokers, experimentation with or use of nicotine e-cigarettes predicted the uptake of daily smoking at follow-up (AOR 2.92; 95% CI 1.09-7.85), but baseline experimentation with non-nicotine e-cigarettes did not when compared with the non-e-cigarette experimenters. Nicotine e-cigarette experimentation at baseline predicted daily nicotine e-cigarette use at follow-up (AOR 2.96; 95% CI 1.22-7.22). Non-nicotine e-cigarette experimentation at baseline did not predict statistically significantly daily nicotine e-cigarette use at follow-up (AOR 3.13; 95% CI 0.98-10.02). The small number of cases may have diminished the statistical significance., Conclusions: The findings suggest that experimentation with nicotine e-cigarettes serves as a gateway to subsequent use of conventional cigarettes as well as nicotine e-cigarettes. Our results support the actions to limit youths' access to e-cigarettes in order to prevent nicotine addiction., (Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2019
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