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Beyond the concerns associated with marginalised groups' underrepresentation, we posited that socio-demographic aspects and associated stigma provoke gendered social exclusion among older adults. Although these linkages have been frequently acknowledged, concrete evidence remains complicated. In a sample of 384 older adults from various administrative zones of the Lahore metropolitan, we examined that gendered social exclusion is typically connected with socio-demographic stereotypes. Statistics revealed that 72.3% of older adults reported social exclusion. Homemakers and non-workers were more prone to experience social exclusion than employed respondents. Findings further discovered that the social exclusion rates were more significant among older women (93.1%) than older men (47.5%). Among older women, those involved in some employment, having a personal income, living in higher-income households and joint families with their children or peers, and having access to a private car were less possibly socially excluded. The substantial gender aspect of social exclusion appears to be provoked by a gender-based socio-cultural context, limiting older women's participation in daily socio-economic pursuits. Finally, possible consequences of increased social exclusion among older women and strategies to cater to this emerging issue are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobility is a critical factor in promoting social sustainability. Previous studies have confirmed the critical psychological determinants that influence individual mobility. However, these studies rarely considered the relationships among different psychological factors of public transport users and social inclusion. The present study addresses this gap by examining the impact of three crucial psychosocial factors, namely, perceived social norms, perceived social support, and perceived neighborhood social environment on social inclusion. Moreover, we also investigated a mediating role of perceived accessibility among these psychosocial factors and social inclusion. Data was collected from a sample of 243 older women (aged 60 years and above) residing in Lahore, Pakistan, through face-to-face close-ended questionnaires. SPSS statistical software and SmartPLS were used for data analysis. The critical argument that develops from our investigations is that perceived social norms, social support, and neighborhood social environment are essential drivers of social inclusion. The results further reveal that addressing these psychosocial factors can enhance the perceived public transport accessibility and, thus, social inclusion among older women. This study provides useful findings for urban planning and transportation researchers to consider the psychosocial aspects of public transport users that could improve older women's social inclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]