Search

A key scientific publication demonstrates that the bio‐physical composition of the broiler chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) represents a signal of the Anthropocene. This finding contributes to a wider body of evidence that locates the beginning of the Anthropocene in the mid‐20th century, and is part of a broader intellectual project that seeks to establish and demarcate the Anthropocene as a new geological era. This paper takes a different tack. Treating Gallus gallus as an objective corollary for the Anthropocene, it positions the broiler chicken and the Anthropocene as an ontologically emergent nexus comprised of social–spatial relations, materialities, and practices. The paper then adopts critical nexus thinking to trace out the key relations and materialities, and their points of convergence, and underpinning extractivist ontologies that assemble into the chicken's body. Relations of particular concern include the processes that embody surplus value into the corporality of the chicken; the rationalisation and transformation of territories and landscapes into productive units of space, and the tightly coupled, interconnected flows of relations, materials, and coordinating technologies that comprise the 'supply chain'. It argues that by using critical nexus thinking to identify and articulate these relations that assemble into Gallus gallus, it renders the Anthropocene legible. Such legibility in turn fosters geographical awareness and responsibility that might lead to the changes necessary to address the large‐scale spatial inequalities from which the era stems and redress the consequences that the era might otherwise engender. Paper positions Gallus Gallus Domesticus ('The Broiler Chicken') as an objective corollary for the Anthropocene. It then employs critical nexus thinking to trace out its constituent relations and to fashion a geography of the Anthropocene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Analytical Psychology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Recent electronics advances for air transport have increased aircraft density, volume, and frequency in the airspace. These advances come with control requirements for precise navigation, coordinated Air Traffic Management (ATM) or Unmanned aircraft system Traffic Management (UTM), and proactive security. The tight tolerances of aircraft control necessitate management of spatial uncertainty, timeliness precision, and confidence assessment, which have, respectively, variance, reliability, and veracity situation awareness and assessment metrics. Meeting such airspace requirements involves the ability to evaluate how those metrics impact ATM/UTM operations, making the complex interrelationships between them a key aspect for coping with the fast worldwide growth of air transport. To support such growth, ontologies have been proposed as a promising technology for making such interrelationships explicit, while facilitating communication between avionics devices. This paper investigates the use of ontologies in support of electronic ATM/UTM operations, highlighting the use of Uncertainty Representation and the Reasoning Evaluation Framework (URREF) in realizing the ability for Air Traffic Controllers (ATCs) to semantically communicate with aircraft operators concerning physical airspace coordination. Using Avionics Analytics Ontology (AAO) endowed with the URREF, application examples based on two airspace situations are presented. Example results for northeast coast of Brazil atmospheric volcanic ash as well as for the Eyjafjallajokull volcano eruption show a 65–80% success in providing warnings to ATCs for airspace control. The paper demonstrates that an ontology-based UTM enhances the capability and accuracy of an ATM to suggest rerouting in the presence of remarkably deteriorated weather conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identification and seismic mapping of mass-transport deposits (MTDs) are vital targets for marine geological studies both for a better understanding of mass wasting processes and geohazards and for economic prospects in sedimentary basins. In recent decades, refinements in the interpretation of these geobodies have benefited from increasingly good quality 3D seismic data. However, approaches to define the characteristics, rheology and mechanics of such slope failure deposits still rely mainly on inferences from case-dependent interpretations of these stratigraphic elements; what is more, features and seismic characteristics of MTDs may vary significantly from one case to another, implying the existence of many different environments and related physics. This makes the study of submarine mass movement a challenging task for a seismic interpreter. In this paper, we present a new conceptual analytical method based on an objective approach for interpreting the wide range of diverse objects related to mass wasting, in order to minimize seismic interpretation subjectivity. We propose an ontology-like methodology, based on a conceptual organization of a diversity of interpretation elements arranged in a knowledge base. MTDs are considered as objects with representative properties, each one characterized by several descriptors, which are themselves impacted by multiple physical processes in a graph-based conception. We thus propose a method to infer the most probable interpretations for one mass movement from its deposit characteristics. We applied our graph-based methodology to two MTDs delineated in 3D seismic data in the Offshore Amazon Basin, Brazil. Based on the analysis of all MTD properties and their possible causes, several candidate interpretations were provided. The interpretations yielded by the graph are in line with the known geology and instability processes of the region, thereby validating the feasibility of the approach. The next development stage is a numerical definition of the knowledge base for further sharing and operability. • MTD interpretation is enhanced by a standardized graph-based methodology. • The proposed methodology integrates the variability of MTD physical processes. • The methodology is to be shared and improved by the interpretation community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyses the ontological conflicts implicit but not addressed during the process that registered the ruins of the Jesuit-Guarani Mission in São Miguel (Brazil) as intangible cultural heritage: 'Tava, Place of Reference for the Guarani People'. The process can be understood as an appropriation of the tools of modernity that provides an indigenous and dissonant narrative of the missions, counters discrimination and affirms the Mbya-Guarani when they negotiate with the state. However, the research also revealed that the conceptualisation of tava is based on a different ontology from modernity – on which the category of heritage is still based – that is related to the importance for the Mbya-Guarani of building good and beautiful bodies and social relations by wandering through the land left to them by the gods and following the precepts and signs of the latter. Instead of perpetuating the hierarchies between ontologies, the article brings to light the ontological conflicts with the objectives of overcoming the limitations of the policies of recognition and enhancing the perspective of heritage as a regime of care not only for objects, places and practices, but also for the people and worlds for whom these things are heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Urban Studies (Sage Publications, Ltd.) is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article engages with the trajectory of urban participation in Recife, Brazil, from its start as a governance system aimed at ensuring the right of the poor to the city, to the introduction by the Workers' Party of participatory budgeting. I argue that participation is used by the state in order to include populations within governmental structures while the poor struggle for the right to belong to the city. Drawing on Alain Badiou's ontology of multiplicity I contend that the urban situation is grounded in inconsistency, as manifested in the existence of a category of people who 'sit at the edge of the void', that neither is included nor belongs. I conclude that the popular mobilizations in Recife in the 1980s constituted a true emancipatory event that exposed the divisions of the city, the existence of a fundamental wrong, and that proclaimed the right of the excluded to the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of American Anthropologist is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Portuguese-speakers, when asked about their personal names, often respond with a notion of the ‘truth of’ their names. Basing itself on ethnographic data collected by the author in Macao (southern China), Bahia (Brazil), and Portugal, the article interprets this notion of truth as a form of ontological weighing that postulates the unitariness of the person by reference to a subjection to a bureaucratic order and to a cultural and linguistic universe associated to it. Résumé Interrogés sur leur nom personnel, les lusophones incluent souvent dans leur réponse une notion de « vérité » de ce nom. Sur la base de données ethnographiques recueillies par l’auteur à Macao (Sud de la Chine), à Bahia (Brésil) et au Portugal, le présent article interprète cette notion de vérité comme une forme d’évaluation ontologique qui présuppose l’unité de la personne par sa sujétion à un ordre bureaucratique et à l’univers culturel et linguistique associéà celui-ci. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines state-citizen interactions in the Pelourinho Historical Center of Salvador, Brazil. It argues that attention to sound in the Pelourinho provides a number of ways of updating longstanding anthropological concerns with structure and agency. On the basis of attention to sound it addresses social action around play, the ability to position oneself in flows of signs, and the adroit manipulation of different classes of sign. This article is thus a phenomenologicallyinfluenced criticism of an anthropology of meaning based on the arbitrary sign and accompanying form/content and subject/object distinctions. Yet it emphasizes also that a naïve celebration of ontology and the materiality of sign vehicles ignores the extent to which both communication and agency may turn on people's ability to move pragmatically between non-referential language and more fully symbolic communicative events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]