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Across the world, the concern of governments to maintain public safety necessitated a reform for reorienting the police organisations to shift from conducting its functions through the incidence driven approach to community participation model. In Nigeria, the reactive model adopted appeared not effective in taming the internal insecurity across the country as crime upheaval is increasing daily. This paper examined the effects of community policing on police statutory functions in Nigeria. Data were collected from relevant textbooks, journals, newspapers and other official records. The data congregated were analysed through descriptive method. Espousing the broken window theory as theoretical framework, community policing is considered as a proactive crime and disorder reducing strategy as against the 'pursue and catch' reactive oriented. The paper found community policing as helpful to curbing internal security threats in Nigeria. It argued that the effectiveness of community policing is overturned by gamut of the police different operational agenda; inconsistency in policy; and resistance from some officers and rank and files. The paper recommended that the police statutory functions of curbing insecurity in Nigeria would remain a daydream without active community policing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the popular youth protest of October, 2020 tagged "ENDSARS" (SARS standing for Special Anti-Robbery Squad) in Nigeria organized to challenge police brutality. In spite of the protest being held during the Covid-19 lockdown, the number of youth that trooped into the streets in the southern part of the country and in the North too, tagging theirs "ENDINSECURITY") signified that beyond police brutality, the Buhari administration was due for questioning. As expected of any protest without effective coordination, the march was later hijacked by hoodlums and looters who burnt down, looted, and pillaged public infrastructure and private property, in the same vein attacking some politicians. The paper treats ENDSARS as Nigeria Spring of October, 2020 which had its roots in the wave of protests that started in the 1980s. The earlier protests were about calls for civilian government, claims of election mandate and fuel hike. The methodology applied in this study is both interview and secondary sources of data collection through the use of Nigerian dailies, journals and textbooks. For the interview, some youths in some towns were asked questions for the purpose of extracting variables that would explain the causes of the protests. The paper reveals that the thought that led to the "ENDSAR" is as a result of lies in the past to end police brutality which never materialized and the frustration is as a result of bad governance. We suggest that in a situation of another popular youth protest, the governments at both the federal and state tiers should act fast to solve the problem before it degenerates into a state of anarchy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the popular youth protest of October, 2020 tagged "ENDSARS" (SARS standing for Special Anti-Robbery Squad) in Nigeria organized to challenge police brutality. In spite of the protest being held during the Covid-19 lockdown, the number of youth that trooped into the streets in the southern part of the country and in the North too, tagging theirs "ENDINSECURITY") signified that beyond police brutality, the Buhari administration was due for questioning. As expected of any protest without effective coordination, the march was later hijacked by hoodlums and looters who burnt down, looted, and pillaged public infrastructure and private property, in the same vein attacking some politicians. The paper treats ENDSARS as Nigeria Spring of October, 2020 which had its roots in the wave of protests that started in the 1980s. The earlier protests were about calls for civilian government, claims of election mandate and fuel hike. The methodology applied in this study is both interview and secondary sources of data collection through the use of Nigerian dailies, journals and textbooks. For the interview, some youths in some towns were asked questions for the purpose of extracting variables that would explain the causes of the protests. The paper reveals that the thought that led to the "ENDSAR" is as a result of lies in the past to end police brutality which never materialized and the frustration is as a result of bad governance. We suggest that in a situation of another popular youth protest, the governments at both the federal and state tiers should act fast to solve the problem before it degenerates into a state of anarchy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article asks the question: what is wrong with bribery? Pre-2010 UK and extant Nigerian anti-bribery statutes fail to clearly express the problem with bribery. The author appraises the various approaches to conceptualising the wrong in bribery. A comparative analysis of the UK Bribery Act 2010 (UK Act) and Nigerian anti-bribery statutes is undertaken with a view to exploring whether useful insights can be gained as a model to reform the law on bribery in Nigeria. The paper argues that a clear articulation of what is wrong with bribery is essential to strengthen anti-bribery statutes in Nigeria. The paper argues further that the articulation of what is wrong with bribery also provides a tool to understand what is wrong with other manifestations of corruption generally, and to strengthen their criminalisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The benefit of super vision in Primary Health Centres is often not achieved in developing countries, including Nigeria. Traditionally, supervision emphasizes inspection of facilities without regard to facilitation. Supervisors blame individuals rather than look for root causes in deficient processes. For this reason, traditional supervision has tended not to 'empower' staff to engage in problem solving and/or in taking initiatives in improving service quality and access. There is need to change the focus of supervision from inspecting facilities and gathering service statistics to concentrating on performance of clinical tasks and resolution of problems. This paper aims to use supportive supervision to provide a framework for identifying and improving deficient supervision processes that negatively affect primary health care services in the communities. Materials and method: The information contained in this paper was based on work experience, interviews held with the 35 health workers in primary health centres, extensive literature reviewed on supervision and the reports from health centres. The study encouraged effective supervision by providing training that emphasized self-assessment, peer assessment, and others as vital components of supportive supervision. Result: The study identified several systemic problems plaguing effective supervision in primary health care centres. These problems were analysed as institutional and staff problems. They include lack of planning, training, defined priorities, shortage of resources (man, materials and finance), episodic visits by supervisors, lack of adherence to work ethics, poor interpersonal relationships between supervisors and supervisees and others. Among these problems identified, the most plaguing was lack of financial stability which resulted in poor motivation of staff as the majority of them, 33 (94.3%) complained of being owed two to three months salary arrears. Conclusion: Categorizing the problems that negatively influenced supervision helped the researchers to highlight best practices and the underlying mechanisms for sustainable supportive supervision that are capable of upgrading the technical and clinical skills of supervisors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing deprivation, neglect and orchestrated politics of exclusion by the Nigerian-state against the people of the Niger Delta can be traced to the structurally-defective and centralized governance arrangements in the Niger Delta. The consequent stiff resistance, violent reactions, militancy and hostage taking triggered by this politics of exclusion in the region have confirmed that people matter in politics. This paper argues that in some ways, the weakness of centralized and structurally-defective governance in the Niger Delta provides an opportunity for community self-governing institutions to play the role that governments and their agencies have abandoned. Using the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework, this paper engages in problem solving and solution seeking strategies that could help restructure the public sphere in the Niger Delta. This paper demonstrates principles and practices needed to make polycentric planning, self-governance and adaptive development strategies resolve socio-economic and political crisis. It is in light of this exigency that this paper develops an African Public Sphere Restructuring Model (APSRM) that derives inspirations and workability mechanisms from twelve (12) African development models that cut across several sectors of the economy in the Niger Delta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Africa boils on account of intractable communal conflicts. Strategies adopted to manage the conflicts conform to western approaches of conflict management. Traditional forms of conflict resolution have been rarely applied. This has prompted emphasis on traditional tools of conflict management. Drawing from interviews and archival documents, this paper focuses on the deployment of Iko Mmee ritual by local civil society organizations in managing the Aguleri and Umuleri communal conflicts in Nigeria. It catalogues the failure of western models, explains the principles underlying Iko Mmee and how Iko Mmee was able to facilitate peace in the communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examined the self-efficacy, information acquisition and utilization as correlates of effective decision making of managers in corporate insurance companies in Nigeria. Total enumeration technique called census coupled with a self-developed questionnaire was used to collect data on a population size of 153 managers in eleven corporate insurance companies in Nigeria, out of which 145 responded given a response rate of 94.8 percent. The study found that self-efficacy, information acquisition and utilization had significant collinear relationship with effective decision making of the respondents. In addition, self-efficacy, information acquisition and utilization significantly predict effective decision making of the respondents. More so, each of the independent variables, namely, self-efficacy, information acquisition and information utilization significantly predict effective decision making of the respondents. Nevertheless, information utilization was found to have the greatest percentage (65.22 percent) relative contribution to the prediction of effective decision making of the managers in Nigerian corporate insurance companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]