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Herein, we reported a simple, fast, and quantitative theoretical descriptor ΔG C-O that allows accurate predictions of a wide range of spontaneously blinking rhodamines. ΔG C-O denotes the Gibbs free energy differences between the closed and open forms of rhodamines and has a good linear relationship with experimental pK cycl values. This correlation affords an effective guide for the quantitative designs of spontaneously blinking rhodamines and eliminates trial-and-error. We have validated the predictive power of ΔG C-O via the development of two spontaneously blinking rhodamines of different colors and enhanced brightness. We also demonstrated their super-resolution imaging utilities in dynamic live-cell imaging. We expect that ΔG C-O will greatly facilitate the efficient creations of spontaneously blinking fluorophores and aid the advancements of super-resolution bioimaging techniques., (© 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Single‐molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) has found extensive applications in various fields of biology and chemistry. As a vital component of SMLM, fluorophores play an essential role in obtaining super‐resolution fluorescence images. Recent research on spontaneously blinking fluorophores has greatly simplified the experimental setups and extended the imaging duration of SMLM. To support this crucial development, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the development of spontaneously blinking rhodamines from 2014 to 2023, as well as the key mechanistic aspects of intramolecular spirocyclization reactions. We hope that by offering insightful design guidelines, this review will contribute to accelerating the advancement of super‐resolution imaging technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we reported a simple, fast, and quantitative theoretical descriptor ΔGC‐O that allows accurate predictions of a wide range of spontaneously blinking rhodamines. ΔGC‐O denotes the Gibbs free energy differences between the closed and open forms of rhodamines and has a good linear relationship with experimental pKcycl values. This correlation affords an effective guide for the quantitative designs of spontaneously blinking rhodamines and eliminates trial‐and‐error. We have validated the predictive power of ΔGC‐O via the development of two spontaneously blinking rhodamines of different colors and enhanced brightness. We also demonstrated their super‐resolution imaging utilities in dynamic live‐cell imaging. We expect that ΔGC‐O will greatly facilitate the efficient creations of spontaneously blinking fluorophores and aid the advancements of super‐resolution bioimaging techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rhodamine B-naphthalimide (RhB-Naph) demonstrated a distinct aggregation-induced emission (AIE) mechanism, different from the restriction of intramolecular rotations or vibrations as in traditional AIE molecules. The monomers of RhB-Naph were non-emissive, due to the presence of a dark S1 state. Upon molecular aggregation, intermolecular interactions significantly altered the electronic properties of RhB-Naph, leading to the formation of a bright S1 state and endowing RhB-Naph with notable AIE properties. Besides, we demonstrated that RhB-Naph enabled the development of a solid-state three-color fluorescent switch upon multi-external stimuli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emission intensities of coumarin 545 solution exhibit a low temperature dependence, with a record-low temperature coefficient of only ∼0.025% per °C. This monomer-aggregate coupled fluorescence system can be used for ratiometric temperature measurements with high spatial and temporal resolutions; three different working modes have been demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dye rhodamine, as the most popular scaffold to construct fluorescent labels and probes, has been explored extensively on its structure-fluorescence relationships. Particularly, the replacement of the oxygen atom in the 10th position with heteroatoms obtained various new rhodamines with improved photophysical properties, such as brightness, photostability, red-shifted emission and fluorogenicity. However, the applications of heteroatom-substituted rhodamines have been hindered by difficult synthetic routes. Herein, we explored the condensation strategy of diaryl ether analogues and o -tolualdehyde to synthesize various heteroatom-substituted rhodamines. We found that the electron property and steric effect in the rhodamine 10th position determined the synthetic yield. It's concluded that this condensation method was more suitable for the synthesis of heteroatom-substituted rhodamines with small or electron-donating groups like rhodamine, S-rhodamine and Si-rhodamine. We hope these results will benefit the design and synthesis of heteroatom-substituted rhodamines. Unlabelled Image • Heteroatom-substituted rhodamines through the condensation of diaryl ether analogues and o -tolualdehyde were synthesized. • Electron-donating moiety increased the nucleophilic ability of diaryl ether analogues and facilitated the reaction. • Rhodamines with strong electron-withdrawing moiety in the 10th position hindered the reaction and resulted poor yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]