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English is the most widely taught and learned language in the world. Within the broader literatures on the worldwide spread and dominance of English as a key skill for 21st century education, the use of English(es) and English Language Teaching (ELT) in the context of schooling in Asian countries represent an important research direction. Our paper contributes to these debates by exploring the problem of English language teachers' beliefs about their pedagogical practices in Indonesian pesantren schools. The system of religious pesantren schools provides a unique research context to examine teacher practice in classrooms where English is not assigned the assumed de facto status of a 'global lingua franca'. In engaging a Bourdieusian lens, this paper explores teachers' perceptions of the (lack of) symbolic and linguistic capital of English language learning in pesantren, the emergent tensions, and how these frame teacher beliefs and practice. In so doing, this paper aims to contribute to the broader debates in the field that seek to critically analyse and reframe the hegemonic status of English as a global educational commodity of political-economic power.

This paper aims to explore how kindergartens in Indonesia become a space to negotiate local and global discourses. Informed by postcolonial theories, it seeks to identify a hybrid space that goes beyond the binary between South and North. Based on fieldwork in three different kindergartens in Indonesia, this paper illuminate different forms of negotiation adopted by the kindergartens. Two most pervasive global discourses found are related with child-centredness and neoliberalism. The kindergartens negotiate these discourses through a social aspiration, character building, and religious values discourses. The finding suggests how juxtaposed ideas continue to intersect with one another ECE.

Smooth interaction with a disaster-affected community can create and strengthen its social capital, leading to greater effectiveness in the provision of successful post-disaster recovery aid. To understand the relationship between the types of interaction, the strength of social capital generated, and the provision of successful post-disaster recovery aid, intricate ethnographic qualitative research is required, but it is likely to remain illustrative because it is based, at least to some degree, on the researcher's intuition. This paper thus offers an innovative research method employing a quantitative artificial intelligence (AI)-based language model, which allows researchers to re-examine data, thereby validating the findings of the qualitative research, and to glean additional insights that might otherwise have been missed. This paper argues that well-connected personnel and religiously-based communal activities help to enhance social capital by bonding within a community and linking to outside agencies and that mixed methods, based on the AI-based language model, effectively strengthen text-based qualitative research., (© 2024 The Author(s). Disasters published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of ODI.)

This paper investigates the role of Islamic faith-based organisations (FBOs) in Indonesia and examines the way in which their disaster recovery aid can be successful or less successful depending on social capital formation in communities affected by a disaster. The paper argues that Islamic FBOs play a prominent role in disaster-affected communities by building new social capital or strengthening existing social capital. Failure to do so may affect a community's recovery and its long-term resilience. Applying a framework that considers three types of social capital-bonding, bridging, and linking-from a comparative perspective, the paper discusses two cases of disaster recovery: one following the earthquake that struck Aceh in 2013; and the other after the Mount Kelud volcanic eruptions in East Java in 2014. In both instances, the findings highlight the importance of the village facilitator, cultural sensitivity, and understanding of local indigenous and religious practices for successful disaster recovery., (© 2024 ODI.)

Purpose: This study aims to empirically investigate the sustainability and performance of Bank Wakaf Mikro (hereafter called BWM), which is a waqf-based microfinance in the context of Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach: The authors use several model specifications. The specifications mainly take the BWM's characteristics and governance into account. The authors use a standard-panel data approach with a fixed-effects model as the Hausman test result favors the fixed-effects model. The authors collected monthly data from the Indonesia Financial Services Authority for the period 2018–2020. The detailed data, 39 BWM enabling us to observe the financial, social and governance elements of BWMs. Findings: The results reveal interesting findings. The authors find that BWM characteristics, governance and social capital are significant in shaping BWM's sustainability, performance and risk. Furthermore, the authors find that BWM located in a province with higher lending density has lower performance than those located in a province with lower lending density. The results provide some evidence on how waqf-based microfinance could achieve both economic and social goals. It could provide perspectives for stakeholders in designing microfinance institutions. Originality/value: This paper is the first to empirically study the waqf-based microfinance institutions in Indonesia by looking at the determinants of performance and sustainability of those institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Among several hundred indigenous languages, Bahasa Indonesia gained pre-eminence as the national language of Indonesia during the country's first 50 years of independence. The fall of Soeharto in 1998 and the subsequent devolution of power to the regions might have been expected to lead to a resurgence in use of local languages but instead it appears to be English which is filling the ecological spaces. Propagated by government, demanded by employers, broadcast by the media, imposed by schools and encouraged by parents, the language not surprisingly occupies an important space in the developing mindset of many young Indonesians, going far beyond its actual practical value in daily life. Drawing on two empirical studies in Sumatra, one a large-scale evaluation of educational provision, the other a case study of English learning at school, the paper shows how the degree of investment which young Indonesians make in the language is not solely a matter of personal agency but is constrained by inequalities in the distribution of cultural, social and economic capital. Unless radical curriculum changes are introduced, the spread of English may in the long-term only serve to deepen these inequalities.

Refugees spend an average of 17 years living in limbo. This time is usually seen by refugees and scholars as 'lost' or 'wasted' time. Pierre Bourdieu theorized time as critical in accumulating social and cultural capital; foundations of socio-economic status. Families with greater economic capital can provide their offspring with more 'time free from economic necessity', enabling activities that will enhance their status. Time and economic capital are often de-linked by refugee journeys, stripping refugees of economic capital, but leaving an over-abundance of time. This paper uses Bourdieu's work on time and capital to examine how refugees in one community use time during multi-year transit. Based on fieldwork with a single community, this paper argues that, rather than 'wasting' time, members of this community are using refugee time to accumulate social and cultural capital, which some then convert to migration capital and hasten their refugee journeys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper explores the influence between intellectual capital (IC) and the risk of stock price crashes by using company performance as an intervening variable. Design/methodology/approach: This study empirically analyzes the impact of the efficiency of IC on stock price crash risk using a sample size of 152 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2018. To test the research hypotheses, regression analysis and path analysis were applied. In addition, the researchers added exploration to several studies to strengthen the results of this study. Findings: This study's findings indicate that investors' optimistic (pessimistic) sentiment regarding stock price volatility has obscured aspects of the financial performance of listed companies. This finding implies that investor sentiment has dominated influence on stock price crash risk so that the aspects of IC are obscured. Originality/value: This research provides new information that IC disclosure in the stock market needs to include knowledge of the volatility of stock prices in order to reveal stock price crash risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of volunteers and its impact on related accountability practices towards beneficiaries by a large humanitarian non-governmental organisation (NGO) in Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach: The authors adopted a qualitative case study design. The empirical evidence comes from rich fieldwork carried out in an Indonesian NGO. The authors collected the evidence mainly via 46 interviews and five focus groups. Findings: The authors found that the case NGO drew heavily on the social and cultural capitals of volunteers in the process of serving its beneficiaries, which, in turn, facilitated the enhancement of its accountability to the beneficiaries. The authors also found that volunteers play a bridging role to reduce the distance between NGOs and beneficiaries. Research limitations/implications: For NGO managers, this study provides necessary empirical evidence on the positive role played by the volunteers in the development and operationalisation of accountability to the beneficiaries. In the authors' case, beneficiary accountability is enhanced by the social conduct and practices performed by the NGO's numerous volunteers. Beneficiary accountability is of significant concern to the policy makers too. This study shows that volunteers and NGO can work in a reciprocal relationship where social and cultural capital can be mobilised to each other's advantage. To facilitate beneficiary accountability, NGOs can draw on the socio-cultural capitals held by the volunteers who appear to share the same norms and expectations with the beneficiaries. This process can also lead to the building of social and cultural capital by the volunteers themselves as they achieve great satisfaction and gain valuable experience in this process that could lead to greater satisfaction in their spiritual and material lives. Originality/value: The authors extend the previous literature on beneficiary accountability by highlighting the under-researched role of volunteers in such accountability practices. In this paper, the authors first discuss the facilitating role of volunteers in enhancing NGOs' accountability towards beneficiaries. Then, this is illustrated empirically. In addition, the authors argue that although Bourdieusian concepts like field and capital have been widely used in the analysis of various organisational practices the concept of habitus received limited attention particularly from the context of developing countries. The authors undertake an examination of the habitus of volunteers in the Indonesian case organisation and explore their linkages with the field and associated capitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between self-confidence, hope, optimism, and resilience as managerial efforts in building organization behaviour in Indonesia's entrepreneurs. Major research questions pursued are what is the influence of managerial effects in building organizational behaviour? What is the most significant variable in building organizational behaviour in Indonesia's entrepreneurs? The research was conducted from a sample of 148 entrepreneurs in Indonesia. The result of this research verified managerial efforts had a negative influence on building organizational behaviour of Indonesia's entrepreneurs, and self-confidence was the most significant variable in building the organizational behaviour of Indonesia's entrepreneurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Social capital is a predictor of overall well-being and mental health. Social capital in a collective perspective can affect health outcomes of community members through its shared social norms, collective action and coping. Evidence on the relevance of social capital and people with mental disorders is limited as previous studies discussed social capital aspects mainly at natural-environment level. This paper aimed to explore social capital aspects and social support in community level for people with severe mental disorders in Indonesia. Method: This study combined a descriptive quantitative and qualitative approach. A sample of 225 health cadres, health care professionals, local public figures and neighbours with a proportional stratified random sampling was used. The data gathering tools consisted of demographic characteristics, Measuring Social Capital in Five Communities in NSW and Social Provisions Scale and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Semi-structured interviews were conducted among 8 participants and analyzed with a qualitative content analysis method. Result: The results showed that there was a significance relationship between social capital and social support (P=0.000, r=0.605). Three themes emerged from the data: trust them, feels like relatives and need support for improvement. Discussion and Conclusion: Participants considered that social trust, social network and social support were three factors contribute to mental well-being. Social capital was described as resources to provide social support for people with severe mental disorders in community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research reported in this paper focuses on social capital in two of six sites from a larger project concerning the role of communities in managing plant pests and diseases in Australia and Indonesia. In these two Balinese sites, the focus is on the nature and role of interactive ties in the overall strategies community members utilise in their identification and management of plant pests and diseases. The established position on bonding, bridging and linking ties is represented by Woolcock and Narayan (2000) and Stone and Hughes (2001). However, in Australian work, Leonard and Onyx (2003) test the notion that bridging and bonding are two different types of connections, and suggest that '...people prefer to bridge through their strong ties' (p. 225). A greater on-the-ground understanding of the 'real' nature of social capital's network tie qualities is warranted, and would inform the accuracy of the 'real' nature of interactive ties, as well as the ways social capital is measured and judged. This paper explores the 'on-the-ground' nature of bonding, bridging and linking ties through reporting on data from a comprehensive multi-methods study of two Balinese communities. It describes the nature of the 'real' social capital in these communities and suggests how it might vary from the social capital as described in 'the literature'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper concerns resource governance in a remote Balinese coastal community, which faces severe environmental challenges due to overexploitation and habitat destruction. It explores some of the issues raised in 'social capital' debates regarding leadership and public participation toward sustainable natural resource governance. Given the strength of Balinese customary law and the high degree of participation required in the ritual-social domain, Bali represents a model context for examining these issues. Through a case study of destructive resource exploitation and evolving rules-in-use, this paper analyses the ambiguous role of 'bonding' social capital and the complexities of negotiating collective action on environmental problems where conflicting interests and dense social ties make local action difficult. The paper finds that a more complex appreciation of vertical (authority) and horizontal (solidarity) relationships between leaders and ordinary villagers is required, and that a more nuanced institutional bricolage and exploratory scenario approach to analysis of evolving rules in use would enhance associated policy interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Using the Indonesian setting with its cultural heterogeneity, this paper examines women's bargaining power in the distribution of household expenditures. Women's share of assets and participation in community-based organizations and development in the village is used to approach bargaining power. This study employs the Indonesian longitudinal dataset from the Indonesia Family Life Survey. The results show that women's share of assets has negative effect on adult goods expenditure. This finding confirms that women's share of asset explicitly increase women autonomy not to allocate the budget share on adult goods expenditure which is identical to male domination. Women's share of assets also has positive and substantial effect on richer nutrients expenditure such as meat and fish and dairy products. It is also found that women participation in the community-based organization in the village has negative and significant effect on budget share of staple food and adult goods expenditure. This finding embraces the importance of women's power in the household particularly in terms of distribution of household expenditures to the spending that increase the welfare of the household. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper broadens the understanding of work relationships between expatriate and host national employees in transnational organisations/corporations, who have tended to be investigated separately. By exploring interpersonal interactions between expatriate and host national employees, this paper highlights the importance of their relationships in the implementation of organisational activities. With a focus on both Japanese expatriate and host national employees in a Japanese organisation in Indonesia, this ethnographic study examines the ways in which they worked in unfamiliar circumstances, managed differences and provided essential support for each other. Their transnational connections, characterised by what Granovetter calls ‘the strength of weak ties’, function to diffuse information and knowledge effectively. I argue the significance of ‘talk’, particularly small talk, as an initial action that supports such information flow and builds trust. This paper attempts to demonstrate the vital roles of expatriate and host national employees as mediators, by using network analysis as a framework. Finally, I conclude that both expatriate and host national employees, the latter often seen merely as backseat players, are in fact keys to the successful activities of transnational organisations/corporations. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Studies into the impact of social capital on welfare are currently growing. However, studies for the case of the developing countries, including Indonesia, are still very rare. Therefore, this paper aims to analyse the impact of social capital on welfare in Indonesia. In this study, social capital is measured by three indicators, namely, trust, cooperativeness and the social network (a person's participation in community activities). Welfare is measured by household expenditure for food and non-food items. The data are acquired from the Indonesian Family Life Surveys for the years 2007 (IFLS4) and 2014 (IFLS5). This research uses instrumental variables to address the endogeneity issue on social networking (participation in community activities), which is a potential two-way causal relationship. It means that individuals with higher welfare (income) have a higher possibility of participating in community activities, since their participation in community activities is a leisure activity and the utilisation of leisure is higher for higher income people. Using the Instrumental Variables (IV) method and marital status as an instrument, the study found that social capital has a significant impact on welfare. An increased participation in community activities will improve ones welfare by 11.7 percent. Moreover, an increase of cooperativeness by one percent, would increase the welfare by 0.2 percent. On the other hand, trust has a negative relationship with welfare. It means that an increase in trust among individuals by one percent will cause household expenditure on food and non-food items to drop by 0.3 percent. It may imply that higher trust will cause lower transaction costs, which will reduce the expense of individuals buying food and non-food items. Since the coefficient of IV is larger than the coefficient in the OLS estimation, it indicates the absence of reversed causality. The results of this study have an implication for policy decision making which suggests that the policy decision makers should consider the impact of social capital on welfare and support the increase of individuals' participating in community activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to cover the transformation of social capital in a digital society and its support for tolerance. This study used a quantitative method with descriptive content analysis. The research subjects are Twitter social media users. The object of this research is identified through user involvement in tolerance issues on social networks such as Twitter. The analysis tool that is maximized is Nvivo 12 Plus. The study reveals that disseminating harmful and intolerant content on social media platforms can pose a significant obstacle to establishing meaningful social connections. Such content is capable of provoking conflicts, reinforcing intergroup divisions, and eroding the social trust needed to foster tolerance. Fake news and negative narratives can reinforce negative stereotypes and have a significant impact on society's mindset. Promoting positive social values requires increasing digital literacy, taking a strong stance against content intolerance, implementing policies that promote tolerance, and ensuring access to information for all. This study highlights the grave danger of spreading harmful content on social media platforms like Twitter, as it can significantly threaten the building of substantial social capital. To promote digital tolerance, we need to increase literacy, enforce strict policies, strengthen online networks, and promote constructive dialogue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new leader has inspired young people to transform an agrarian village into a popular tourist destination. The goal of this research is to explain the process of transforming an agricultural village into a tourism village, including the role of the Village Head (VH) and other actors involved. This research was conducted in Pujon Kidul (PK) village, Pujon subdistrict, Malang Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with innovators, small traders, and members of society at tourist sites. Apart from conducting indepth interviews, secondary data was also utilized to examine how the innovative and entrepreneurial spirit of innovators can transform the traditional lifestyle of PK Village. This phenomenon can be explained by the Knowledge-intensive Innovative Entrepreneurship (KIE) framework, which highlights the significance of knowledge and innovation in entrepreneurial development. The study's findings enhance the KIE framework by reinforcing the significance of entrepreneurial leaders and real political support. Moreover, the government's policies that actively promote the growth of rural areas and tourism are external factors that encourage Village Heads to bring about social transformation. These policies have created an environment that nurtures the entrepreneurial spirit of all members of society. Contrary to popular belief, this article argues that village development from the grassroots level is an achievable goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women entrepreneurs are promoted to adopt digital technology as a means of enhancing business performance. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the impact of human, social, financial, physical, and intellectual capital on digital technology adoption among women entrepreneurs. A quantitative method is used with an associative type across various business sectors in East Java Province, Indonesia. Furthermore, the sample is selected by purposive sampling with a total of 268 individuals. Data collection is carried out through a questionnaire, while the analysis is performed using PLS-SEM. The results show that human, financial, physical, and intellectual capital have a positive and significant influence on the adoption of digital technology among women entrepreneurs. However, only social capital reports an insignificant influence. Among the examined variables, intellectual capital plays the most crucial role in adopting digital technology. This research provides theoretical and practical implications for women entrepreneurs and the government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dating apps are digital platforms that mediate meaningful relationships and facilitate digital intimacies. This study examines the construction of social capital by dating app users in Indonesia. Using Pierre Bourdieu’s and Robert D. Putnam’s concepts of social capital as well as the virtual ethnography method, this study focuses on how heterosexual and homosexual users of dating apps in heteronormative Indonesia manage to build digital intimacies and accumulate social capital. This study shows that dating app users in Indonesia assemble social capital through networked individualism and automated connectivity. The results demonstrate that dating app users exploit digital intimacies as resources to expand their networks, which enables them to gain certain benefits. Additionally, homosexual users build digital intimacies to gain a sense of acceptance and belonging in digital space. They show more efforts towards being inclusive and active in accumulating and exchanging social capital than their heterosexual counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A large international literature has found a positive association between social capital and measures of physical and mental health. However, there is a paucity of research on the links between social capital and healthy ageing in a developing country environment, where universal social security coverage is absent and health infrastructure is poor.Method: In this paper, we develop and empirically test a model of the linkages between social capital and the health outcomes for older adults in Indonesia, using data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey-East (IFLS-East), conducted in 2012. Using multivariate regression analysis, we examine whether social capital plays a role in mitigating poor health among older individuals aged 50 years and above in Indonesia's most vulnerable provinces. We test the robustness of these social capital variables across different health measures (self-assessed health, Activities of Daily Living (ADL), measures of chronic illness and mental health measures), as well as across different demographic groups, after controlling for an array of socio-economic, demographic and geographic characteristics.Results: Our findings show that access to better social capital (using measures of neighbourhood trust and community participation) is associated with a higher degree of physical mobility, independence, and mental well-being among older individuals but has no influence on chronic illnesses. These results are consistent when we estimate samples disaggregated by gender, rural/urban residence, and by age categories.Conclusion: From a policy perspective these results point to the importance of social capital measures in moderating the influence of poor health, particularly in the Activities of Daily Living. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective - This paper aims to examine the influence of Leadership Style, Intellectual Capital, and Corporate Social Responsibility on Performance in companies in the sub-sectors of Mining, Pharmacy and Consumption and Household, Basic Industry, Chemical and Infrastructure, Utility and Telecommunication listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) 2012-2018. Methodology/Technique - In this research, leadership style is measured transformationally and transactionally. Meanwhile, Intellectual Capital is measured using VAICTM. Furthermore, Corporate Social Responsibility is measured using GRI G4, and Financial Performance is proxied by ROA, ROE, and sales growth. The method used is a saturated sample. The sample in this research was 50 companies in the Basic and Chemical Industry sub-sector, 28 companies in the infrastructure, utilities, and telecommunications sub-sectors, 38 mining sub-sector companies, and 17 companies in the consumer goods sub-sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). This research used secondary data taken from financial and annual reports and primary data obtained through questionnaires for leadership style. The analysis method used is simple regression analysis. Findings & Novelty -The results show that the influence of leadership style, intellectual capital, and corporate social responsibility in the four sectors varies with a positive or negative relationship direction. Intellectual capital has a positive significant influence on ROA, ROE and SG in four sectors. Previous research has focused on only one sector. This study compares the influence of leadership style, intellectual capital, and corporate social responsibility in four sectors [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims at analyzing the role of empowerment of Green Information Technology (IT) in Small Medium Entreprises (SMEs) and social capital of the creativity and innovation of creative SMEs in Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach: A statistical technique used in the present study was Partial Least Square. The primary data of the present research were obtained from questionnaires and interviews with some respondents. While secondary data were gained through the records and publications of related instances. Findings: The research concluded that the empowerment of Green IT provides a significant role in creativity and innovation as well as social capital, and at the same time it also supplies a significant role in innovation. Research limitations/implications:. This study is proposed to fill the research gap and at the same time to emphasize the importance of the creative empowerment of SMEs in Indonesia in adopting Green IT and that they are not only ready to make use of Green IT. Green IT empowerment and social capital in the creative SMEs play an important function ingenerating of creativity and innovation in the Yogyakarta's creative SMEs. Creative industries which capitalize creative ideas and skills are expected to positively contribute to support the national economy. Practical implications: Creative SMEs grow and develop rapidly here and form clusters of creative industries in accordance with the resources of each cluster. Originality/value: This paper is a first attempt to overlook the significant role of green IT empowerment in SMEs' rapid development in Yogyakarta, a growing province in economic sector in Indonesia. The result of the study is expected to lead other similar research which in the future will craft out the role of economic development and the use of environmental friendly material of production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Social capital is the key resource for community-based hazard responses. • The urban form of a neighborhood and the emerging social capital are clearly linked. • Different forms of public meeting places enhance different forms of social networks. • In North Jakarta, the urban form facilitates bonding social capital. • Adaptive neighborhoods require bonding, bridging, and linking ties. This paper analyzes the relationship between the urban form of neighborhoods and collective bottom-up adaptation processes. The adaptive capacity of urban populations in marginal settlements of the Global South is critically related to social capital, as manifested through social networks, self-organization, and collective action. We analyze these responses and hypothesize that they are significantly shaped by the specific spatial forms of neighborhoods, particularly in the presence and form of places to meet. Drawing on mix-method research, we investigate socio-spatial practices and collective responses to hazards in coastal neighborhoods of Jakarta, including a standardized household survey (n = 300) and cultural mapping. Our findings demonstrate that social capital is key to community-based hazard responses. Importantly, the presence of different types of public meeting places enhances different forms of social networks due to highly diversified locations and user groups. We found that North Jakarta's urban form facilitates bonding social capital, which enables the formation of 'responsive neighborhoods' capable of responding on mid-term scales. Meeting places in neighborhood centers foster bonding ties, which, together with attachment to place and social belonging, appear to be key local assets for dealing with natural hazards e.g. by creating informal 'insurance systems'. However, there is insufficient evidence to suggest that the current urban form of North Jakarta supports the formation of 'adaptive neighborhoods' in the long- term, which would require bridging and linking ties to the outside world. Our findings suggest that a spatial perspective on collective hazard response action is important for urban planning strategies to empower local communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social capital (i.e. bonding and bridging) affects food security. In Indonesia, studies have been conducted at the site level, covering households in specific provinces, districts, subdistricts, or even villages. Accordingly, this study contributes to the existing literature by employing a sample of 68,304 households across Indonesia using data from Statistics Indonesia's (BPS's) 2018 National Socioeconomic Survey (SUSENAS). Based on Lewbel's (2012. "Using Heteroscedasticity to Identify and Estimate Mismeasured and Endogenous Regressor Models." Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 30 (1): 67–80) two-stage least squares (2SLS) regression test, the results suggest that bonding and bridging social capital positively affect food security. Specifically, bridging social capital has a more substantial influence on food security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many countries have implemented decentralization. However, in the case of Indonesia it has also been accompanied by a controversial phenomenon: the local government proliferation or "blossoming". As result of the proliferation wave, the number of local governments in Indonesia increased significantly, also in Eastern Indonesia such as Papua. In recent decentralization and special autonomy for Papua, this region has significantly increased its regional income. Papua was called as example of frontier economy regions that have attracted a large number of economic migrants and it has had a profound impact on the demographic composition of Papua and its ethnic mix. Lack of human resources, in particular in the new autonomous regions, may increase voluntary migrants from other areas. The aim of this paper is to describe demographic changes in Papua and to argue this diversity issue should be concerned in Papuan development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small-island communities in developing countries rely heavily on wild fisheries to meet the communities' food and livelihood needs. These communities' remoteness, insularity and the small size of the local economy make the fishery production sensitive to the way in which fishers interact with other community members and to local environmental changes. This paper investigates how social capital and environmental threats to local fishing activities are associated with fishery productivity using the data collected in a small-island fishing community in Indonesia. We estimate the technical efficiency and capacity utilization, and examine how these measures are related to the social capital built around the island community. The impacts of environmental changes that are perceived as threats to local fishing activities are also evaluated. We find that inefficiency in the fisheries' production is correlated with whether fishers are tied to community members outside their own fishing groups and whether they are exposed to environmental threats, the sources of which are internal and external to the fisheries system. The underutilization of existing capacity is evident for fishers who receive government aid for fishing equipment and those who perceive population growth and aquaculture development as a threat to their fishing activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the role and meaning of Chinese-Indonesian civic organisations, which have emerged in Indonesia since the fall of the Suharto regime in May 1998 in preventing recurring ethnic violence. The paper analyses relationships between Chinese and indigenous Indonesians and the sufferings of Chinese Indonesians before and during the May 1998 riots'. The paper then investigates' reactions of the Chinese community to the riots. It highlights the activities of inter-ethnic civic organisations including the Indonesian Chinese Association (INTI), Homeland Solidarity (SNB), the Indonesian Anti-Discrimination Movement (GANDI), and the Volunteer Team for Humanity (TRuK) in mobilising various stake-holders to fight for legal justice and protect minority rights in the post-Suharto era. Their endeavours are a new and innovative experiment in Indonesian history. The paper argues that in the post-Suharto era, the security of Chinese Indonesians is being improved as the activities of these inter-ethnic civic organisations and their networks build social trust and promote cooperation between Chinese and indigenous Indonesians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: An important blind spot in current aquaculture governance research and practice is recognizing the high dependency of the sector on commons (i.e., shared resources), and their interconnectivity with other sectors such as agriculture. This is particularly evident in Indonesia where there is general lack of social and governance research on aquaculture. The purpose of this study is to: (1) identify the commons that need to be governed in pond aquaculture systems, and (2) identify the arising governance challenges from those commons and potential solutions. Methods: We apply Elinor Ostrom's Socio-Ecological Systems Framework (SESF) to identify variables influencing collective action through semistructuredinterviews with relevant key informant actors in a milkfish aquaculture village in Gresik, Indonesia. Our case study approach allows for a rich description through qualitative data to understand system interactions. We interviewed 22 stakeholders including regional and local government officials, fish farmers (owners and workers), patrons and local academics. Results and discussion: Our findings indicate five governance challenges influencing collective action: (1) limited access to capital and dependence on patrons, (2) lack of govern institutions, (3) continued government program failure, (4) lack of community leadership, and (5) lack of motivation and incentives to collectively act. These imply that governance policies may be more successful if monitoring mechanisms are applied to ensure that government funding is more precisely targeted at improving the livelihoods of traditional fish farmers. Furthermore, attempts to support social capital, network structures, and improve trust-reciprocity among relevant stakeholders (i.e., farmers, extension officers, private business actors) in the form of capacity building is likely more effective than other monetary incentives or the enforcement of top-down rules that don't fit local needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pro-environmental behavior (PEB) is one of the individual efforts to provide public goods. This study differs from previous research in three basic aspects, starting from a multidimensional approach that simultaneously considered different PEB (energy savings, vehicle use, waste reduction, and water savings), included social capital as measured by 26 indicators, and the development of the PEB index and social capital with the CATPCA. Based on the data of 2021 Happiness Level Measurement Survey by Statistics Indonesia, this study found that social capital is an important and significant driver of PEB. In particular, social participation had the greatest effect followed by trust in government, trust in neighbors and tolerance. Other factors showed varying results; PEB was displayed more by women than men, rural people than urban people and people with a partner than those without. In addition, PEB improved with older age while increase in income and education decreased PEB. Based on the findings, this study suggested the government to take part in promoting an increase in social capital through the implementation of various joint activities/events in the neighborhood. In addition, the government and environmental protection organization can begin to voice the cost savings that can be achieved with PEB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The Community Empowerment Trust Fund is a revolving fund belonging to the community originating from the former Sub-District Development Program and the National Program for Independent Rural Community Empowerment in Indonesia which ended in 2014. Community institutions then manage the Community Empowerment Trust Fund to fund community economic activities in the form of group loans. The group lending model is a financial inclusion that reaches the poor who do not have collateral. These funds have been managed well with the group loan model. However, the success of managing these funds cannot be separated from the social capital built between group members and between the group and the fund management unit. This study aims to examine the management of the borrower group – group internal setting; group loan appraisal and group loan control – and social capital on repayment performance. The study results prove that group lending appraisal, group lending control, and social capital positively impact repayment capacity. The research finding is social capital strengthens group lending control dynamics to increase repayment capacity. Another finding explains that women’s loan groups have a higher collectability rate in repayment of loans compared to productive economic business groups whose members are both male and female. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines whether social capital increases individual contribution in an environmental collective action. Using a laboratory experiment, two games are played among participants in a sequential manner: a trust game to measure level of trust - as a proxy for social capital - and a public goods game to measure individual contribution to environmental collective action in the case of waste collection management. The results show that the level of social capital positively impacts individual contribution to environmental collective action. This study also finds that disclosing partial information on a group member's behaviour in the previous trust game has an impact on people's willingness to pay for a public good. However, having partial knowledge as to whether a trustworthy or generous person exists in the group does not make any difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the effects of green strategy, green social capital, and environmental consciousness on carbon management accounting adoption with green culture as a moderating variable. The study uses a quantitative approach by distributing questionnaires to 340 respondents in middle-up management positions in listed and non-listed companies on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. Multiple linear regression analysis was used with the Smart PLS & SPSS statistical tool. This research shows that green strategy has a significant positive effect and green social capital has a significant positive effect on carbon management accounting adoption. Meanwhile, environmental consciousness has no significant effect and green culture cannot moderate the relationship between green strategy, green social capital, and environmental consciousness on carbon management accounting adoption. The contribution of this research provides four new dimensions and 17 new indicators in measuring the adoption of carbon management accounting according to the Indonesian context. Also, this proves that carbon management accounting adoption needs to be supported by the implementation of a green strategy and the development of human resources who are always willing to share knowledge related to climate change issues as evidence to stakeholders of the efforts of corporations to support reducing greenhouse gas emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a country full of natural resources, Indonesia has a long-term responsibility to synergize with human resource development. This study aims to see efforts to raise awareness of the younger generation's tolerance for diversity through multicultural education in the post-conflict area of West Kalimantan, Indonesia. This study was reviewed using Paulo Freire's theory of Educational Dehumanization supported by the concept of Social Identity and Vita Cotemplativa Hannah Arendt. This study uses a qualitative approach with case study methods and data collection using in-depth, focused interviews with figures related to the process of multicultural education in West Kalimantan. This study found the importance of multicultural education as social capital for the younger generation to form awareness in understanding diversity tolerance. Furthermore, through multicultural education, the younger generation is expected to be able to minimize and break the chain of ethnic conflicts in the future so that attention is needed from various parties such as parents, schools, communities, governments, and relevant stakeholders, considering that the Kalimantan region is the center for the construction of the new and new Indonesian capital city government. Therefore, sustainable development is needed to start by increasing the capacity of the young generation from an early age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose and test the hypothesis that social capital is an important determinant of total factor productivity (TFP) growth. Using a new historical dataset on 33 Indonesian provinces covering the period 2010–18, we show that social capital enhances growth through research and development (R&D) expenditure. Our analysis is based on a modified endogenous growth model, and the estimations reveal that a unit standard deviation improvement in aggregate, tangible and intangible social capital, and religiosity improves TFP growth by at least 9.80% (of the mean TFP growth) through R&D spending. These results are robust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the escalated interest in entrepreneurship, scholars have underexamined the role of social capital in determining entrepreneurial intention. This research attempts to examine how social capital matters in enhancing the intention of becoming an entrepreneur in the rural community. The method adopted in this work was a quantitative research approach using a survey model. The respondents of this survey were collected from the rural community in a selected area in Indonesia. Furthermore, to test the relationship between variables, we used Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) to regress the data. The findings of the study confirm that social capital has robustly influenced the intention of being an entrepreneur. However, the perceived desirability of entrepreneurship failed to mediate the linkage between social capital and entrepreneurial intention. The findings have several implications for the government in developing economic growth and entrepreneurship in the local community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to determine how internet access affects social capital in Indonesia's community, based on the data from the fifth wave of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) with the instrumental variable (IV) method. The results showed that the use of the Internet plays a significant role in strengthening social capital in Indonesia, especially for male heads of households that have a relationship with neighbors with strong internal cohesion and mutual trust. Internet users in Java and Bali are more affectial in strengthening social capital compared to users outside the islands located in eastern Indonesia. This disparity is because most Indonesian internet users live in the western part of the country. Furthermore, there is a development disparity in regard to internet infrastructure and internet connection service availability throughout the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public transfers in the form of financial assistance to poor households have a positive impact on recipient's and neighboring households. However, the effect of public transfers on social participation so far has not been empirically supported. This study aimed evaluating the impact of public transfers (direct cash assistance, BLT) on household participation in community activities. The data used in this study is collected from the publication of Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS), which has complete information about the activities of household members in the Rotating Savings and Credit Associations (RoSCAs), cooperatives, and community service activities in village development. The availability of household-level micro data allows this study to be done with two important contributions. Firstly, this study can analyze the social impact of public transfers by using multiple more specific indicators of community participation. Secondly, this paper uses the appropriate methodology to control the characteristics of households that are not observed but were highly correlated with community participation and the government programs. As an illustration, egoistic households tend to be inactive in the social activities. These households will also innocently and ineligibly receive assistance and transfers from the government. Without controlling the unobserved heterogeneity, the estimated regression coefficient between program variables and various indicators of public participation will be potentially biased. The nature of the household may influence the decision to attend a social gathering as well as be correlated with the status of the household in obtaining public transfers. To isolate the influence of unobserved factors, this study uses the approach of First Difference (FD) with a combination of Fixed Effect (FE) at the community level. Test results consistently show that the BLT is positively related to social gathering activity. The results showed that households that received public transfers (BLT) were more active in RoSCAs activities. The positive correlation between BLT and RoSCAs activities (Arisan) can still be proven even though there are cases of mis-targeting of public transfers (leakages and under coverage cases). The results of this study have a significant policy implication. Social capital held by the public is undoubtedly an important element in the development of society. Social capital also plays very important role in the successful implementation of government programs. Strong social bonds can reduce the turbulence caused by targeting error. In contrast, government programs in the form of public transfers are also shown to have a positive impact on the strengthening of social capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary This paper uses the variations of ethnic diversity between districts in Indonesia to show that diversity leads to lower social capital outcomes. I find that distinguishing between ethnic polarization and fractionalization matters for the results, as polarization has a larger negative effect. The results cannot entirely be attributed to selection on unobservables, and at least part of the relationship should be interpreted as causal. Finally, diversity seems to increase tolerance, despite its negative effect on other social capital variables such as trust, perceived safety, and participation to community activities, and voting in elections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Covid 19 prevention policy should be carried out quickly and should not be delayed because it involves life problems in the world. Analyzing the covid prevention policy in Indonesia, the findings state that the Indonesian government is very slow in handling the prevention of Covid 19 transmission, many of the people have been affected by positive cases of Covid 19, that's where the Indonesian government drafts policies related to the prevention of Covid 19 so that the positive cases in Indonesia increasing due to the government being very slow in making policies, and also the policies made by the government could not reduce the number of positive cases. However, the role of social capital in Indonesia is very high in preventing Covid 19, and working together and helping each other is what social capital does in Indonesia [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study is to analyze the effect of regional planning on social welfare in Sabang Islands and mainland Aceh Tengah of Aceh Province. From the statistical results, a mathematical model was obtained for Sabang City: Y = 0.742 + 0.409 X2, while for Central Aceh it was: Y = 2,667–0.167 X2. It is used to interprete the variables that have influence on the HDI of archipelagic cities in Aceh Province as well as that of the plains. Apart from health variable, the other variables constantly have negative effects on the HDI of the Islands. It can be interpreted that the average contribution of other variables outside the model have negative effect on the HDI of the province. This is evidenced by the GRDP (Gross Regional Domestic Product) economic structure and GRDP growth rate based on the business sector of Sabang City. The most dominant is the construction companies that absorb 31% and 8.5% human resources. This indicates that the HDI of Sabang City, which is the administration area of the Islands, is 75.77; while the mainland of Central Aceh even without compulsory basic service variables has a positive constant value. Though lack of basic service variables can negatively affect its HDI. This is because its economic structure is based on the business sector and the rate of PDRB which affects the large-scale trade and transportation sector. However, the mainland region of Central Aceh is very industrious, does not depend on government programs and service and has high mobility and accessibility to businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to strengthen the participation of a poor elderly group in a community-based empowerment program at the PKH Elderly Garden located in Andong District, Boyolali Regency, Indonesia. Old age is the final stage of the human development cycle and is a natural and unavoidable process. Psychological, physical, social, and economic changes are experienced by the elderly. So far, there have not been many similar studies focusing on strengthening the participation of the elderly in the context of social change in development. Qualitative methods were used with a case study approach. The results demonstrated that social engagement was the most important social capital for optimizing roles, building trust, respecting differences, providing tolerance, and increasing self-confidence in empowering the elderly group. Participation of the elderly in the program could have a positive impact on their psychological, physical and socio-economic characteristics, through good communication, socialization, mobilization, and personal contribution. In addition, social assistants had an important role as enablers, facilitators, dynamists, mediators, and motivators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The National Disaster Management Agency reported that 383 out of 514 districts/municipalities throughout Indonesia are prone to natural disasters. Social capital is seen as one of the community strengths in disaster mitigation strategies. This study examined the model of community-based disaster mitigation, the level of knowledge and the social capital of the communities in disaster-prone areas in Semarang Municipality and Situbondo District. This study employed a mixedmethods approach, interviewing 120 respondents. We found that men had better knowledge of disaster mitigation than women. The involvement of men in awarenessraising about disaster mitigation activities was also higher than women. As a result, women are more vulnerable during a disaster. This study also found a variation in community understanding regarding disaster mitigation and social capital in the two locations. Respondents in Semarang, which is an urban community, reported a lower level of knowledge on disaster mitigation and social capital. Respondents from Situbondo reported higher social capital in four dimensions, including trust, norms, values, and networks. The geographical location and culture likely explain the variation. This reflects that urban areas are more vulnerable than rural areas in disaster mitigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Can social capital effectively cushion households against adverse income shocks, especially in the absence of formal insurance mechanisms in developing countries? And what if such shocks are due international finance and thus universal and systemic in nature? We analyse whether participation in formal and informal community activities (our measure of social capital) helped households in Indonesia mitigating the impact of the 1998 financial crisis. We use the 1997 and 2000 rounds of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) to capture the impact of the crisis on household welfare and assess the potency of social capital as a safety net. In contrast to previous studies, our empirical results do not lend support to this hypothesis. Using a fuzzy regression discontinuity design (RDD)—coupled by an IV strategy for extrapolation, we find community participation not to be statistically significant in explaining changes in household expenditure. The large magnitude and universal nature of the shock might explain why social capital did not help households. However, we find some suggestive evidence that households who participated in such activities are more likely to have received financial assistance from the local community without necessarily being the neediest ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]