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As important green energy, wind power and photovoltaic power have great development prospects. The suitability evaluation of wind and solar power plants is a popular research field, which is related to the sustainable and healthy development of wind and solar power generation. In this paper, based on multiple dimensions such as land types, climatic conditions, topographic features and policy environment, we selected 10 indicators and combined (analytical hierarchy process) AHP method to build a suitability assessment model for evaluating the suitability of solar and wind power in Inner Mongolia, China. The findings revealed that, Inner Mongolia has a great potential to generate wind and solar electricity, for wind power, the category of 'excellent' regions covers 83855 km2 and represents 7.10% of the total surface area; for solar power, 7.66% (nearly 90420 km2) are classified as 'excellent'. The suitability of both solar and wind energy in the western region is considered to have the most suitable development region, parts of Alxa League and Bayannur City have great potential for combined wind and solar power generation. The research results could provide important technical and data support for capacity evaluation and power station location decision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Roof-breaking characteristics and ground pressure behavior of the coalface are instrumental in guiding deep Jurassic coal seam mining, in particular in the Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia regions of China. A thick-plate mechanical model (TPMM) of the main roof was developed and applied to the case study of 21102 first-mined coalface (FMC) of the Hulusu Coal Mine (HCM) in the Hujirt Mining Area (HMA), China. A theoretical analysis performed via the developed model revealed that the first and periodic breaking intervals of the main roof were 40.6 and 25.0 m, respectively. The roof failure occurred in the tensile mode, was controlled by the internal stress σ x in the rock strata, and started from the center of the long side with the fixed support in the goaf. The field measurement of roof weighting was also performed for the coalface advance from zero to 400 m. The measurement results showed that the first weighting average interval was 41.4 m, and the average interval of periodic weighting was 22.0 m, which agreed with the theoretical calculation and proved the proposed model's feasibility. Finally, the frequency distribution features of the hydraulic support working resistance in the FMC were analyzed statistically. The results showed that the ZY10000-16/32D supports could adapt to the mining geological conditions of the FMC. However, the margin of the rated working resistance of supports was still small. Thus, roof management enhancement during the mining process was strongly recommended. These research findings could offer theoretical guidance for safe and high-efficiency production in the coal mines under similar geological conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We report first data for the Devonian Hongshan A-type granite along the northern margin of the Precambrian North China Craton. The granite is rich in silica (SiO2 =76.07–77.62wt.%) and alkalis (Na2O+K2O=8.45–8.78wt.%), but poor in calcium (CaO=0.28–0.70wt.%) and magnesium (MgO=0.08–0.20wt.%). Chondrite-normalized REE patterns for the samples from the Hongshan granite show significant negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu*=0.13–0.19). They contain high Rb, Ga, Y, Nb, and Zn, but low Ba and Sr contents, and in the multi-element spider diagrams normalized to primitive mantle, they show a similar pattern to that of A-type granites, such as negative Ba, Nb, Ta, Sr, P and Ti anomalies. Geochemical plots also show an affinity with A-type granites and suggest a post-orogenic setting (A2 type granite). SHRIMP U–Pb zircon dating yielded a concordant weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 387±4Ma, which defines a Devonian magmatic event. The zircons have negative ε Hf (t) of −8.4 to −11.5 and give old Hf model ages of T DM2 =2548–2820Ma (mean 2667Ma). Most 176Hf/177Hf and ε Hf values display Hf-isotope evolutional line of the lower continental crust. These results suggest that the Hongshan granite originated from melting of Archaean lower crust beneath the North China Craton in a post-orogenic extensional setting during the Devonian. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Ultra-short-term wind power provides technical support for unit control and scheduling to optimize the power system. Wind fluctuation is the main factor that makes it difficult to accurately predict wind power output. To improve the power prediction accuracy of the wind power fluctuation period, a combined prediction model that can automatically switch between two models is proposed. For small fluctuations in wind speed, we construct a sequence-to-sequence model that integrates temporal and spatial attention mechanisms for power prediction. The prediction model switches to the wind power curve model when the wind speed fluctuates significantly, which reflects the static characteristics of the unit. We determine the appropriate wind speed fluctuation threshold on the verification set, so that the two prediction models can coordinate the switchSimulation experiments were carried out on the data set provided by a wind farm in Inner Mongolia, China. The normalized RMSE of the forecast in the future 4h is 0.1405. • A power prediction model based on switching mechanism is proposed. • Different wind speed fluctuation scenarios are specially considered. • WSPC was used to predict the high fluctuation of wind speed. • The time of small fluctuation of wind speed is predicted by AI model. • The NRMSE for 4h is 0.14054. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Within each sorghum type, stems shown significantly higher soluble sugars than leaves. • Effects of genotype on chemical composition were significant for either leaves or stems. • Stems exhibited significantly higher total of hexose and pentose than leaves. • Biomass type shown a greater potential ethanol yield with stable chemical components. Energy sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L). Moench] is potentially of great significance for bioethanol production because of its high biomass and wide adaptability. In this study, a field experiment was conducted on a semiarid marginal land in Inner Mongolia (39°10′N, 109°53′E), China, to assess the effects of genotypes with similar growth duration and biomass yield levels on chemical composition and theoretical ethanol yield (TEY) in both leaves and stems of four genotypes each of sweet and biomass sorghum in 2013 and 2014. Among all varieties, no significant variation was observed in the biomass yield of leaf (1.81–2.55 Mg ha−1) and stem (3.73–4.87 Mg ha−1), which was relatively low due to the marginal land with low temperature conditions. By contrast, considerable variation was detected in soluble sugars, ash and hexose contents of leaves and stems among the sweet sorghum varieties over two years. Compared with the sweet type, biomass sorghum varieties exhibited significantly lower soluble sugars content but higher cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contents in both leaf and stem tissues, resulting in significantly lower hexose and higher pentose contents. Moreover, stems exhibited significantly higher total content of hexose and pentose (725.4 g kg−1) than leaves (642.3 g kg−1) across all varieties, leading to significantly higher TEY of stems than that of leaves. Despite the slightly higher TEY of sweet sorghum, biomass sorghum varieties exhibited particularly stable chemical components and TEY across both experimental years, resulting in greater potential for industrial bioethanol production in this study. Overall, varietal selection was effective in improving the biomass feedstock quality of energy sorghum for biochemical conversion. The findings of this study will help to facilitate industrial bioethanol production from dedicated bioenergy crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We present SHRIMP zircon ages and whole-rock geochemical data to identify mafic–ultramafic massifs of early Carboniferous and early Cretaceous ages from northern Inner Mongolia, China. The early Carboniferous massifs (Chongenshan–Xiaobaliang–Wusnihei) comprise predominantly lherzolite and minor gabbroic rocks. Zircons from a microgabbro (εNd (t) =9.8) and a plagiogranite (εNd (t) =9) yielded weighted mean 206Pb/238U ages of 354±7Ma and 333±4Ma, that we interpret as reflecting the time of zircon (and magma) crystallization. A volcanic breccia resting unconformably on the ultramafic rocks (serpentinites) has an eruption age of 300±2Ma and provides a younger minimum time limit for the emplacement of the early Carboniferous mafic–ultramafic massifs. In contrast, the early Cretaceous mafic–ultramafic massifs (Hegenshan–Chaogenshan) consist predominantly of harzburgite. A pegmatoid gabbro and a rodingite (εNd (t) =10.6) from the Hegenshan massif have magmatic zircon ages of 139±2Ma and 132±7Ma respectively. The Chaogenshan massif is concentrically zoned with an ultramafic core (dominantly harzburgite–dunite+subordinate lherzolite) surrounded by gabbro (with minor hornblendite) and an outermost volcano-sedimentary sequence (metabasaltic flows+metapelites). We dated zircons from a leuocogabbro (125±2Ma; εNd (t) =10.6), a coarse-grained gabbro (142±4Ma), and a metabasalt (134±2Ma). Zircon xenocrysts (ca. 152–492Ma) are ubiquitous in these and other associated rocks (a coarse-grained gabbro and a diabase), as in the Hegenshan rocks (ca. 152–468Ma). The youngest detrital zircon in outer zone garnet schist (i.e. metapelite) has an age of 132±2Ma. Accordingly, we conclude that the northern Inner Mongolia lherzolite-dominant and harzburgite-dominant massifs are temporally and genetically unrelated. Their emplacement is attributed to asthenospheric upwelling and consequent lithospheric extension during periods of orogenic quiescence in the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The "Joint Prevention and Control of Regional Air Pollution in China" has been put forward to solve serious regional air pollution. However, there is no geographical division covering the whole country that could reveal the similarities and differences among regions to support implementing this policy. This paper applied an air quality model and a multiregional input-output model to analyze the impacts and patterns of atmospheric transmission and trade transfer of regional air pollution, then compared the differences among typical provinces in the northern, central and southern regions. The social network analysis method was used to analyze the interacting pattern of regional atmospheric transmission and trade transfer, and 31 provinces in mainland China were divided into 5 clusters to reveal the interprovincial relationship of atmospheric transmission; then, the 31 provinces were divided into 3 clusters to reveal the interprovincial relationship of trade transfer. Based on these results, the provincial geographical division of "Nine Atmospheric Environmental Transmission Zones" covering mainland China was carried out. In addition, the key regions linking atmospheric transmission and trade transfer were also found. For example, Inner Mongolia is a typical key linkage region. From an atmospheric transmission perspective, it is linked to the northeast area. However, from a trade transfer perspective, it has a close relationship with the southern provinces. The linkage among provinces provides support for the interregional interaction mechanism of air pollution and the formulation of "Joint Prevention and Control of Regional Air Pollution in China". Image 1 • The impact of atmospheric and trade transfer on regional pollution were discussed. • The atmospheric transmission is location-sensitive and trade transfer is not. • The social network analysis was used in air atmospheric environmental zoning. • The 31 provinces were classified into 9 atmospheric environmental transmission zones. • There are four provinces being nodes connecting atmosphere and trade transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]