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Introduction: Preventative spend is a global health and social care strategy. Improving Cancer Journeys (ICJ) is a proactive, holistic, multidisciplinary project consistent with this agenda, currently being rolled out across Scotland and parts of UK. ICJ helps people with cancer access whatever support they need to mitigate their most pressing concerns. This study hypothesised that ICJ service users should subsequently use less unscheduled care than matched cohorts not using ICJ. Methods: Retrospective observational cohort study using linked national datasets. N = 1,214 ICJ users in Glasgow were matched for age, sex, deprivation, cancer type, stage, and diagnosis year to two control groups: 1. Cancer patients from Glasgow before ICJ (pre-2014), 2. Cancer patients from rest of Scotland during study period (2014–2018). Cancer registrations were linked for 12-month baseline and study periods to: NHS24 calls, A&E admissions, inpatient hospital admissions, unscheduled care, number & cost of psychotropic prescriptions. Per-person mean service uses were compared between groups. Results: There was a significant increase in NHS24 calls in the ICJ group (0.36 per person vs. -0.03 or 0.35), more and longer A&E attendances in ICJ (0.37 per person vs. 0.19 or 0.26; 2.19 h per person vs. 0.81–0.92 h), more and longer hospital admissions in ICJ (4.25 vs. 2.59 or 2.53; 12.05 days vs. 8.37 or 8.64), more care pathways involving more steps in ICJ (0.77 spells vs. 0.39 or 0.57; 1.88 steps vs. 1.56 or 1.21), more psychotropic drug prescriptions and higher costs in ICJ (1.88 prescription vs. 1.56 or 1.21; £9.51 vs. £9.57 or £6.95) in comparison to both control groups. Discussion: ICJ users sourced significantly more unscheduled care than matched cohorts. These findings were consistent with much of the comparable literature examining the impact of non-health interventions on subsequent health spend. They also add to the growing evidence showing that ICJ reached its intended target, those with the greatest need. Together these findings raise the possibility that those choosing to use ICJ may also be self-identifying as a cohort of people more likely to use unscheduled care in future. This needs to be tested prospectively, because this understanding would be very helpful for health and social care planners in all countries where proactive holistic services exist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined phonetic backward transfer in 'Glaswasians', the ethnolinguistic minority of first-generation bilingual immigrant Indians in Glasgow (Scotland), who present a situation of contact between their native languages of Hindi and Indian English (L1s) and the dominant host language and dialect, Glaswegian English (L2). This was examined in relation to the Revised Speech Learning Model (SLM-r) and Speech Accommodation Framework. These predict that the migrants' L1 sound categories can either shift to become more Glaswegian-like ('assimilation' or 'convergence') or exaggeratedly Indian-like ('dissimilation' or 'divergence') or remain unchanged. The effect of Indian and Glaswegian Contact on transfer was also investigated. Two control groups (Indians and Glaswegians) and the experimental group (Glaswasians) were recorded reading English and Hindi sentences containing multiple phones which were examined for multiple phonetic features (/t/—VOT, /l/—F2-F1 difference, /b d g/—Relative Burst Intensity). In both languages, Glaswasian /t/ and /g/ became more Glaswegian-like (assimilation), whereas F2-F1 difference in /l/ became exaggeratedly Indian-like (dissimilation). Higher Indian Contact was associated with more native-like values in /t/ and /l/ in Hindi but had no influence on /g/. Higher Glaswegian Contact was related to increased assimilation of /g/ in English but had no effect on /l/ and /t/. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Trauma laparotomy (TL) remains a cornerstone of trauma care. We aimed to investigate prehospital measures associated with in-hospital mortality among casualties subsequently undergoing TLs in civilian hospitals. Methods: This retrospective cohort study cross-referenced the prehospital and hospitalization data of casualties treated by Israel Defense Forces-Medical Corps teams who later underwent TLs in civilian hospitals between 1997 and 2020. Results: Overall, we identified 217 casualties treated by IDF-MC teams that subsequently underwent a TL, with a mortality rate of 15.2% (33/217). The main mechanism of injury was documented as penetrating for 121/217 (55.8%). The median heart rate and blood pressure were within the normal limit for the entire cohort, with a low blood pressure predicting mortality (65 vs. 127, p < 0.001). In a multivariate analysis, prehospital endotracheal intubation (ETI), emergency department Glasgow coma scores of 3–8, and the need for a thoracotomy or bowel-related procedures were significantly associated with mortality (OR 6.8, p < 0.001, OR = 48.5, p < 0.001, and OR = 4.61, p = 0.002, respectively). Conclusions: Prehospital interventions introduced throughout the study period did not lead to an improvement in survival. Survival was negatively influenced by prehospital ETI, reinforcing previous observations of the potential deleterious effects of definitive airways on hemorrhaging trauma casualties. While a low blood pressure was a predictor of mortality, the median systolic blood pressure for even the sickest patients (ISS > 16) was within normal limits, highlighting the challenges in triage and risk stratification for trauma casualties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A copy of Scleromyceti Sueciae, a work on which the nomenclature of many fungi is based was known to occur in Scotland's Glasgow University Botany Department but the buildings were devastated by fire in 2001 and the whereabouts of this important work, if it existed, was lost. Its re-finding is reported herein. Results: The Glasgow copy of Scleromyceti Sueciae, an uncut first edition of Fries' work, was located in the Glasgow Museums in its original cabinet being transferred there years before the fire and its specimens being now databased. It is one of the few existing uncut copies of this important scientific work and one of the best-preserved copies of the first edition. Conclusion: The discovery of this first edition of Scleromyceti Sueciae emphasizes the significance to reserve special conservation for important collections by early mycologists. It also allows interested mycologists world-wide to know of the existence in Glasgow of an uncut, first edition copy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, coal is responsible for 40% of annual CO 2 emissions. At the same time, global warming causes climate changes accompanied with catastrophic meteorological phenomena all over the world. After the 2015 Paris Agriment many countries set ambitious energy policy to reduce the annual greenhouse gas emission. The 2021 UN Climate Change Conference, COP26 - Glasgow, ended with the adoption of a less stringent resolution than some anticipated: countries only agreed to "phase down" rather than "phase out" coal. Is possible the realization of the Paris Agreement after COP-26? For achieving this ambitious targets in such conditions, the support of the multi-disciplinary scientific knowledge is needed. Since 2002 a series of SDEWES Conferences were founded. This paper presents an overview of published researches in special issues of leading journals dedicated to the series SDEWES Conferences, including also the papers in current special issue presented on Conferences held in 2020: 2nd LA SDEWES Conference - Buenos Aires, 1st AP SDEWES Conference - Gold Coast, 4th SEE SDEWES Conference - Sarajevo and 15th SDEWES Conference - Cologne. The focus is on five main fields: (1) energy system analysis; (2) energy savings in the building sector; (3) district heating; (4) electrification of transport and (5) water-energy nexus. Undoubtedly, the researches presented in this special issue as well as in previous ones, will contribute to the achievement of the goals of the Paris Agreement in difficult conditions after COP26. • Sustainability concept of energy, water and environment systems becomes an unavoidable issue. • SDEWES Conferences are one of the most relevant in the world in its field. • RES, DH and EV represents a promising strategies to achieve a carbon neutral society. • The zero CO 2 buildings (green buildings) can help in solution of climate crisis. • Water-energy nexus is important due to increasing energy demands and decreasing freshwater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides information on studies related to industrial relations by researchers from the Department of Social and Economic Research at the University of Glasgow in Scotland. Michael Farbman and Charles Mulvey will conduct research on the effects of collective bargaining structures on the structure of earnings. Laurence Hunter in association with the Manpower Services Commission is engaged in a program to investigate the nature and dimensions of the labor shortages in West Central Scotland. Steven Engleman will be presenting papers about various issues affecting industrial relations and manpower in health services.

The article announces the winners of student paper awards presented at the Ocean Optics XXI Conference in Glasgow, Scotland on October 11, 2012, including Jianwei Wei, Justin M. Haag and Amir Ibrahim.

In this journal, it has been suggested that citizens practising community gardening 'can become complicit in the construction of neoliberal hegemony'. Such hegemony is maintained, it is argued, through the day-to-day work of neoliberal citizen-subjects, which 'alleviates the state from service provision'. In this paper we acknowledge that community gardens are vulnerable to neoliberal cooptation. But, even where neoliberal practices are evidenced, such practices do not define or foreclose other socio-political subjectivities at work in the gardens. We contend that community gardens in Glasgow cultivate collective practices that offer us a glimpse of what a progressively transformative polity can achieve. Enabled by an interlocking process of community and spatial production, this form of citizen participation encourages us to reconsider our relationships with one another, our environment and what constitutes effective political practice. Inspired by a range of writings on citizenship formation we term this 'Do-It-Yourself' (DIY) Citizenship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) was first published in 1975 by Bryan Jennett and Michael Bond. With over 4,000 citations to the original paper, it is the most highly cited outcome measure in studies of brain injury and the second most-cited paper in clinical neurosurgery. The original GOS and the subsequently developed extended GOS (GOSE) are recommended by several national bodies as the outcome measure for major trauma and for head injury. The enduring appeal of the GOS is linked to its simplicity, short administration time, reliability and validity, stability, flexibility of administration (face-to-face, over the telephone and by post), cost-free availability and ease of access. These benefits apply to other derivatives of the scale, including the Glasgow Outcome at Discharge Scale (GODS) and the GOS paediatric revision. The GOS was devised to provide an overview of outcome and to focus on social recovery. Since the initial development of the GOS, there has been an increasing focus on the multidimensional nature of outcome after head injury. This Review charts the development of the GOS, its refinement and usage over the past 40 years, and considers its current and future roles in developing an understanding of brain injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The idea that difference exists between rural and urban enterprise activity is not new, the obvious comparators are measures such as social architecture, resource availability and accessibility. However, when the concept and practice of management in social enterprise is compared in these two contexts then there is opportunity to further our understanding of the contextual challenges encountered by social enterprise. In this paper six cases studies are compared and analysed: three cases are urban social enterprises and three classified as remote rural social enterprises. The urban cases are social enterprises located around Glasgow in the west of Scotland and are compared with three remote rural location studies, one on the Scottish mainland peninsula, the other in northern Scotland and the final case on a Scottish western island. We conclude that the main differences between remote rural and urban management of social enterprise are heavily nuanced by in-migration levels in both rural and urban locations, leadership and community needs and therefore deserving of context relevant policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports findings of research into the far-reaching plan to 'modernise' the Scottish economy, which emerged from the mid-late 1950s and was formally adopted by government in the early 1960s. It shows the growing awareness amongst policy-makers from the mid-1960s as to the profoundly deleterious effects the implementation of the plan was having on Glasgow. By 1971 these effects were understood to be substantial with likely severe consequences for the future. Nonetheless, there was no proportionate adjustment to the regional policy which was creating these understood 'unwanted' outcomes, even when such was proposed by the Secretary of State for Scotland. After presenting these findings, the paper offers some consideration as to their relevance to the task of accounting for Glasgow's 'excess mortality'. It is suggested that regional policy can be seen to have contributed to the accumulation of 'vulnerabilities', particularly in Glasgow but also more widely in Scotland, during the 1960s and 1970s, and that the impact of the post-1979 UK government policy agenda on these vulnerabilities is likely to have been salient in the increase in 'excess mortality' evident in subsequent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Editorial. Focuses on the 68th International Federation of Library Associations conference held in Glasgow, Scotland. Number of participants; Challenges faced by organizers and participants; Topics addressed during the conference.

This paper reconstructs a fragment of psychiatric-psychoanalytical geography, interfacing it with the 'new walking studies', centring on a walk conducted in 1935 by a man experiencing mental health problems in Glasgow, Scotland. This man, a patient of the psychiatrist Thomas Ferguson Rodger, had mobility problems that rendered walking difficult – prone to stumbling, staggering, wavering – but with the likelihood of these problems being psychosomatic in origin. Through analytic sessions enacting a kind of 'make-do' psychoanalysis, the patient reflected on his mobility problems, as when relating his own walking 'experiment'. Explanations advanced for his difficulties mixed psychoanalytic tropes with a gathering self-awareness of how fraught childhood experiences, had created the frame for an adult existence continually shying away from wider encounters and challenges beyond the domestic sphere. Central here was forward momentum being lost, whether walking or advancing through a life-course, with material and metaphoric senses of being stalled or stuck – spatially, environmentally – constantly entraining one another. This case study is deployed to illustrate claims about the 'worlding' of psychoanalysis, and to offer provocations for how such a psychiatric-psychoanalytic geography fragment might be illuminated by work on the cultural geographies of walking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Set in the immediate context of the recent UN conference on climate change (COP 2021) in Glasgow and the sudden emergence of the variant, Omicron, this paper involves discussion of the present state of discourse concerning globalization in the broadest sense. It begins by contrasting the approaches and substance of two specific books: Globalization Matters by Manfred Steger and Paul James and Grave New World by Stephen King. The difference between the two books is brought into sharp relief by the economism of the book by King and the multidimensionality of the volume by Steger and James. More generally, these recent books are chosen because they are almost complete opposites, the central difference being the adamant optimism about globalization in Globalization Matters and the extreme pessimism and negativity in Grave New World. It is also very important to emphasize the wide ranging and penetrative character of Globalization Matters compared with the latter. Also invoked is recent and very significant work by Dipesh Chakrabarty. Two themes are claimed here to be neglected, namely global history and the concept of glocalization. Attention is also drawn to the crucial omission of the fact that much of globalization talk began in the fields of religious study and theology. The disparity between these two latter fields of study and mainstream social science and conventional history is given attention. The contributions of other crucial commentators to the overall debate, Lovelock and Latour, are also invoked. The focus by Steger and James, on the one hand, and Chakrabarty on the other, on the Anthropocene is given attention. Overall, the article concludes by placing the global-local problematic at the centre of what is called here globalization discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of a project awarded to Glasgow City Council by Innovate UK, a GIS-based Geospatial Opportunity Mapping (GOMap) tool was developed to enable the identification of land throughout the city of Glasgow that is both policy unconstrained and technically feasible in relation to the possible future deployment of Solar Photovoltaic Power Stations (PVPS). To evaluate the suitability of a specific site, two sets of constraints are considered: one addresses the technical aspects that may constrain the economically achievable power capacity; the other addresses the policy aspects that may affect the likelihood of receiving planning permission for an otherwise technically feasible scheme. Overall technical and policy ratings are determined and the outcome displayed on a 10 m × 10 m grid across the city. The output maps allow users to determine the overall suitability of any given site and identify the specific technical or policy aspects that might impede a proposed deployment. Application of GOMap to the city of Glasgow indicated that the potential contribution of deploying PVPS on unconstrained Vacant and Derelict Land is equivalent to the annual heating energy requirement of 21.8% of dwellings in the hard-to-heat category. This finding is significant in relation to the Scottish Government's energy strategy that calls for the electrification of building heating in a manner that alleviates fuel poverty. Alternatively, the generated energy is equivalent to 26.6% of the energy requirement of Glasgow's car fleet if this was converted to electric vehicles. The paper describes the scoring and weighting methods as applied to the policy and technical aspects and their underlying factors, and presents the outcome of an application of GOMap to quantify the PVPS potential for the city of Glasgow. GOMap is made available under an open source licence and is free to download and apply. • Rating policy and technical constraints to deploying urban PV power stations. • Policy and technical scoring and weighting for urban energy systems deployment. • GOMap open source GIS tool for urban land availability assessment. • Energy assessment potential of Glasgow City's vacant and derelict land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amongst his many interests, Henry Cleere was particularly active in the field of cultural resource management. This interest included the bringing together of two important volumes of comparative studies on the evolution and form of heritage management systems internationally. His broader writings also included a number of articles exploring heritage management in Britain, placing this within an international context. In encouraging comparative research on heritage management, Henry Cleere was following a tradition which saw fervent activity in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in Britain. The context was the increasingly noisy debate around the need to strengthen the Ancient Monument Protection Act which had been adopted in 1882 but which was in danger of becoming redundant. A key resource for this early debate was the comparative information on protective systems outside Britain contained in books produced by a Scottish Solicitor in Glasgow, David Murray, by an English Professor of Fine Art in Edinburgh, Gerard Baldwin Brown, and in a series of Government reports by 'Her Majesty's Representatives Abroad.' [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Young refugees in Glasgow find themselves in highly diverse spaces of encounter. • These are 'messy' spaces, holding the potential for connection and misunderstanding. • Young people develop important intercultural skills and competencies in this context. • Yet encounters matter beyond the confines of these spaces. • Participants' reflections in this context can be seen as a 'quiet politics of belonging'. • They question dominant discourses pertaining to immigration and multiculturalism. Focusing on the experiences of young refugees living in Glasgow, in this paper I explore participants' experiences of lived multiculture in the context of two projects supporting young refugees. While showing the complexity of these spaces of encounter, in which both conviviality and connection, and misunderstandings and irritation occur, I draw particular attention to the competencies of young refugees in negotiating cross-cultural interactions. Quotidian experiences of being 'together-in-difference', however, mattered to young people beyond the confines of these spaces. I suggest that presenting themselves as competent actors in multicultural spaces and portraying cross-cultural encounters as positive and beneficial represented a way for young people to engage with wider discourses pertaining to immigration, multiculturalism and diversity. In affording attention to these issues I follow recent calls to engage more closely with the meanings of encounters and the question of what is at stake in these encounters. This is particularly important in times in which borders are increasingly being (re-)erected – both through policies and political changes, and in people's minds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alexander Robertson (1834–1908) was a Glasgow physician whose professional career was involved mainly with institutional-based practice but who published significant insights into the anatomical background to aphasia (1867) and the mechanisms of focal epileptogenesis (1869). His aphasiology ideas, including his suggestion that disconnection between cerebral centers involved in speech was responsible for the phenomenon, made him one of the earliest members of the late-nineteenth-century school of aphasia diagram makers. His view of epileptogenesis was that contralateral convulsing arose from irritation in a local area of pathology on the surface of the cerebral cortex after the irritation spread to a cortical motor center and then down the motor pathway to the striatum, while spreading within the cortex itself caused loss of consciousness. This interpretation contains much of the essence of the present-day understanding of cortical epileptogenesis. The origin of this interpretation is often attributed to John Hughlings Jackson, but Robertson published the idea in full a year or two prior to Jackson. However, Robertson’s original insights were hardly noticed at the time they were published and have since almost entirely been ignored. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Information on the 38th UKSG conference held by the Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre (SECC) in Glasgow, Scotland in 2015 is presented. Topics discussed include the mentoring scheme discovered by student Lucinda May during the conference, the opening session titled "The Four Straw Men of the Scholarpocalypse" given by Geoffrey Bilder, and the presentation "Innovation in nonfiction content" given by Catherine Allen.

This paper deals with the design of a bespoke water-proofing system in accordance with BS 8102 -- 2009. This is the British Standards Institute Code of Practice for Protection of Below Ground Structures Against Water from the Ground. The paper provides a synopsis of the problems of and solutions to providing drainage and underground waterproofing in a retail unit in Glasgow. In this case the client was sub-letting the commercial unit, and as part of the conditions, the basement area had to be renovated to make it usable for storage of stock and other non-specific materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the author's experience and reflection on the Mobile HCI 2004 conference, which was held in Glasgow, Scotland from September 13-16. Mobile HCI is rapidly becoming one of the prime conferences on human-computer interaction (HCI) with mobile technology. The conference, chaired by Mark Dunlop of the University of Strathclyde and Stephen Brewster of Glasgow University, gathered a heterogeneous group of academic and practitioners that has acquired a unique identity over the past five years. While still smaller than other related conferences such as Interact or Ubicomp, Mobile HCI has grown significantly. The 2004 conference hosted 67 contributions, including full papers, short papers, and posters, and more than 220 participants. The growth of attendee and submission numbers shows both that mobile computing research is becoming increasingly accessible to a broader range of academics and that industrial players, especially manufacturers, are increasingly integrating HCI into their design processes. The most represented regions were Great Britain and Ireland, Scandinavia, German-speaking countries, North America, and East Asia. This confirms that the conference's character is eminently European, yet open to contributions from all over the world.

Provides an outline on the report 'Chinese, Italian and Sikh Ethnic Entrepreneurship in Canada: Implications for the Research Agenda, Education Programs and Public Policy,' by J.L. Filion, C. Ramangalahy, G.A. Brenner and T.V. Menzies, which was presented at the 2001 McGill Conference on International Entrepreneurship at the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland.

A number of programs, policies, and practices have been tested using rigorous scientific methods and shown to prevent behavioral health problems (Catalano et al., Lancet 379:1653-1664, 2012; National Research Council and Institute of Medicine, 2009). Yet these evidence-based interventions (EBIs) are not widely used in public systems, and they have limited reach (Glasgow et al., American Journal of Public Health 102:1274-1281, 2012; National Research Council and Institute of Medicine 2009; Prinz and Sanders, Clinical Psychology Review 27:739-749, 2007). To address this challenge and improve public health and well-being at a population level, the Society for Prevention Research (SPR) formed the Mapping Advances in Prevention Science (MAPS) IV Translation Research Task Force, which considered ways to scale up EBIs in five public systems: behavioral health, child welfare, education, juvenile justice, and public health. After reviewing other efforts to scale up EBIs in public systems, a common set of factors were identified as affecting scale-up in all five systems. The most important factor was the degree to which these systems enacted public policies (i.e., statutes, regulations, and guidance) requiring or recommending EBIs and provided public funds for EBIs. Across systems, other facilitators of scale-up were creating EBIs that are ready for scale-up, public awareness of and support for EBIs, community engagement and capacity to implement EBIs, leadership support for EBIs, a skilled workforce capable of delivering EBIs, and data monitoring and evaluation capacity. It was concluded that the following actions are needed to significantly increase EBI scale-up in public systems: (1) provide more public policies and funding to support the creation, testing, and scaling up of EBIs; (2) develop and evaluate specific frameworks that address systems level barriers impeding EBI scale-up; and (3) promote public support for EBIs, community capacity to implement EBIs at scale, and partnerships between community stakeholders, policy makers, practitioners, and scientists within and across systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In line with national targets, sub-national governments – including cities – are introducing targets to reduce the emissions associated with economic activity within or associated with a particular geography. Cities are important drivers of not only emissions but also economic activity and are embedded into complex economic systems which reach beyond their boundaries, which can raise major issues in identifying whether a city is assisting in promoting sustainability across a wider spatial level. This paper sets out a methodology to downscale global Input Output tables to city-level and use these to calculate production- (territorial) and consumption-based carbon accounts at the city level simultaneously. Illustrating this for the case of Glasgow, Scotland, we show that the city's territorial emissions are significantly lower than its consumption-based carbon footprint (considering both the Areal and Personal Carbon Footprint), but that both metrics are sensitive to assumptions about the emissions intensity of individual sectors. Our results highlight the importance of data quality and accuracy, and the benefits of local knowledge, rather than the unquestioned use of national metrics. [Display omitted] • Extending Multi Regional Input Output accounts can produce cities emissions metrics. • Framework derives Production- and Consumption-based metrics from global accounts. • Application to Glasgow reveals city as net importer of carbon emissions. • Sensitivity of results to key assumptions shows value of local knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The relationship between trust, accountability and procedural justice is studied via research into British credit unions (CUs) following regulatory reform to remedy problems exposed by the 2007–2008 global financial crisis. Design/methodology/approach: Interviews at 13 case studies of different types and sizes of credit unions in Glasgow, Scotland, are examined using template analysis and abductive theorizing to understand the effects of disproportionate reforms on small credit unions. Findings: Smaller credit unions found three regulatory changes – namely dual regulators, increased minimum reserves and introduction of the Senior Managers and Certification Regime – excessive. Excessive change generated distrust in regulators. Regulators' insufficient attention to procedural justice contributed to this distrust. Originality/value: Linkage of multidimensional confluent trust to a multilevel system of accountability provides an original way of understanding how indiscriminate attempts at trust repair damage some elements of trust in formal regulatory systems. Recognition of the need for procedural justice to enable smaller credit unions to articulate their extant checks and potential exemption from formal regulations provides another valuable contribution. The explanation of the abductive logic employed is also original. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: The COP26 UN climate conference was held from 31 October to 13 November 2021, in Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom. The Glasgow Climate Pact was the first climate deal to explicitly address the need for a reduction in unabated coal power, which is a major contributor to climate change. However, substituting coal fly ash for Portland cement is a proven effective method for carbon reduction. In Taiwan, the price of coal fly ash has risen significantly due to the implementation of coal reduction policies. This study focused on finely grinding bottom ash, a byproduct of coal combustion, for use as a substitute for Portland cement. A comparison was made between finely ground bottom ash and coal fly ash from the same power plant. Apart from workability, no discernible differences that would affect structural safety were found. Therefore, utilizing low-cost bottom ash by finely grinding it to replace Portland cement in concrete is feasible, achieving both carbon reduction and economic viability. This study investigates the use of finely ground coal bottom ash (FGCBA) as a substitute for Portland cement in concrete, comparing it with coal fly ash from the same power plant. The incorporation of this ash necessitates the addition of a superplasticizer to achieve the desired slump at the same replacement rate. The results demonstrate that at an optimal 20% replacement rate, as determined by 91-day compressive strength tests, the maximum strength achieved by FGCBA is 97.7% of the control group with pure cement, whereas coal fly ash reaches 114.0%. Drying shrinkage tests indicate for both materials have similar volume stability, while rapid chloride permeability tests show their effectiveness in reducing chloride ion permeability, with superior performance from FGCBA. Under optimal conditions, the result of the RCPT test was only 559 coulombs, which is significantly better compared to the 4108 coulombs when using fly ash from coal combustion. Our results demonstrate that utilizing low-cost bottom ash by finely grinding it to replace Portland cement in concrete is feasible, achieving both carbon reduction and economic viability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patient delays at the point of their discharge account for more than half a million additional bed days every year in Scotland, United Kingdom. Bottlenecks in discharge medication dispensing contribute to such delays. Aim: To test whether the discharge process could be made more time-efficient by utilising community pharmacy supply of medicines on the day of discharge, rather than hospital pharmacy supply. Setting: Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Scotland. Development: Local community pharmacy staff received training and communication about each patient discharge. Pharmacies could access an immediate discharge letter (IDL) on a shared electronic record. The existing pandemic law allowed medication dispensing from this IDL, without a prescription. Implementation: The programme was implemented from June to November 2020, across three Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles. Comparisons were made between the new community pharmacy model and standard hospital model. Evaluation: Across three PDSA cycles, in total 335 patients had community pharmacy supply compared to 376 patients eligible for hospital pharmacy supply. The median time taken from creation of the IDL to final completion was significantly lower in the new community pharmacy model compared to the hospital pharmacy model; 154 min (interquartile range (IQR) 82–272 min) vs 296 min (IQR 197–1281 min) p value < 0.000 Conclusion: A community pharmacy supply model compared to a standard hospital pharmacy model resulted in a median time saving of 142 min per patient. Such a time saving has the potential to deliver a transformational change in patient flow and free up hospital pharmacy staff to deliver other clinical interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the UK and Scottish governments aim for zero-carbon housing, with tightly sealed building envelopes becoming paramount, indoor air quality (IAQ) and its implications for health has become a concern. This context relates to a 2008–2011 study, ‘Environmental Assessment of Domestic Laundering’, concerning the prevalence of passive indoor drying (PID). Assessment of PID impacts, shaped by built and social context including occupants’ habits and trends, draws on monitored data from 22 case studies out of a wider survey of 100 dwellings in Glasgow. The smaller group included analysis of air samples and provided scenarios for enhanced dynamic modelling via laboratory work on moisture buffering. The evidence suggests PID has important implications for energy consumption and IAQ; in the latter case because moisture levels are likely to boost dust mite populations and concentrations of airborne mould spores. Thus, findings indicate possible negative impacts on health, and the paper recommends amended standards allied to design guidance for improved practice, as well as further work related to volatile organic compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little work has been reported on the magnitude and impact of interference with the performance of Internet of Things (IoT) applications operated by Long-Range Wide-Area Network (LoRaWAN) in the unlicensed 868 MHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band. The propagation performance and signal activity measurement of such technologies can give many insights to effectively build long-range wireless communications in a Non-Line of Sight (NLOS) environment. In this paper, the performance of a live multi-gateway in indoor office site in Glasgow city was analysed in 26 days of traffic measurement. The indoor network performances were compared to similar performance measurements from outdoor LoRaWAN test traffic generated across Glasgow Central Business District (CBD) and elsewhere on the same LoRaWAN. The results revealed 99.95% packet transfer success on the first attempt in the indoor site compared to 95.7% at the external site. The analysis shows that interference is attributed to nearly 50 X greater LoRaWAN outdoor packet loss than indoor. The interference measurement results showed a 13.2–97.3% and 4.8–54% probability of interfering signals, respectively, in the mandatory Long-Range (LoRa) uplink and downlink channels, capable of limiting LoRa coverage in some areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2000, the Crown Street redevelopment in Glasgow's New Gorbals area was completed following a masterplan by Piers Gough and building designs by Page and Park, Elder and Cannon, Hypostyle Architects and others. Built on symbolically contested ground previously occupied by the Gorbals tenements (1870s–1960s) and the high-rise Hutchesontown flats (1960s–1990s), the new development is a textbook example of neotraditional design. The project features ornamented facades, bay windows, courtyards and corridor streets along with local references to the heyday of Glasgow tenements during the late nineteenth century.This paper shows that the new tenements on Crown Street contributed to Glasgow's economic revival strategies by reconfiguring the site and supporting a positive view of Glasgow's Victorian era. In this sense, the architects adapted design preferences – which at the time were evident all over Europe and North America – to a local agenda.The new tenements reconcile conflicting perspectives: on the one hand a break almost as comprehensive as the urban renewal of the 1960s, and on the other hand an idea of historical continuity and long-lasting community life, which rested on a revised conception of the city's industrial past. Conveying a historical image cleared of imperfections they communicate a message of permanence that stands in stark contrast to the area's historic upheavals, but nonetheless contributed to the viability of the new neighbourhood. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Progress in dealing with racial harassment and violence, including among social landlords, has been limited. Situating racial harassment within the current context of hate crime, this paper synthesises insights from studies into community cohesion, the sociology of racist victimisation and criminology research, and extensive qualitative research carried out in Glasgow. Issues examined include: the relationship between fear of racial harassment and locational choices; varying perceptions of the significance of racial harassment between housing organisations and ethnic minority individuals; the role of allocation policies; risk assessment and coping strategies; and the relationship between racial harassment and a wider culture of violence. It is argued that while there is scope for more effective implementation of existing policies, the deep-seated nature of the problem demands a shift in emphasis from an events-oriented approach which targets individual perpetrators towards longer-term community-based interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper describes the orthodontic treatment of two cases presented at the bi-collegiate examination of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons of England and Glasgow as part of the Membership in Orthodontics examination. The first case details the management of an 11-year-old Caucasian female patient with a class II division 2 malocclusion who was treated with a combination of extra-oral anchorage and fixed appliances. The second case details the management of a 14-year-old Indian male with a class II division 1 malocclusion who was treated with a combination of functional and fixed appliance therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The IRPA13 Congress took place from 14-18 May 2012 in Glasgow, Scotland, UK, and was attended by almost 1500 radiological protection professionals. The scientific programme of the Congress was designed to capture a snapshot of the profession's views of the current state of knowledge, and of the challenges seen for the coming years. This paper provides a summary of these results of the Congress in twelve key scientific areas that served as the structural backbone of IRPA13. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent advocacy of fostering inter-cultural dialogue as a means of achieving greater community cohesion raises the question of the fora through which this is likely to be achieved. While the spaces in which an awareness and respect for difference can develop spontaneously through community activism, much attention in policy circles has been given to the creation of more deliberate spaces in which such interaction can develop more meaningful -- durable - interactions than the civilities of everyday light sociality. This paper explores the realities of a dedicated public space designed explicitly to foster greater inter-cultural contact and understanding, the Hidden Gardens in Glasgow. Intended as a space of contemplation as well as the celebration of diversity, the reality of its appreciation and usage is more diverse than had been initially envisaged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a review of the 6th Postgraduate Conflict Archaeology conference held in Glasgow in October of 2019. It summarizes the presentations and keynotes delivered at the two-day conference, and reflects on the benefit of postgraduate and ECR specific conferences, the gender disparity within the field of conflict archaeology, and the importance of a supportive network of colleagues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores the rationale for, and potential benefits of, the inclusion of a coaching psychology module in an undergraduate psychology programme. In 2010 a coaching psychology module was introduced at Glasgow Caledonian University, as an optional module for final year psychology degree students. Although providing a strong academic component, the module was primarily skills-based and driven by the GROW model (Whitmore, 1992). Students spent two-thirds of the module in seminars/workshops where they carried out practical skills-based development and one-third in lectures. In order to evaluate the module written feedback was elicited from all students (N=20) using a semi-structured questionnaire. Feedback from the module was highly positive, with students demonstrating both academic and practical learning. Key findings indicate that the experience of being both coachee and coach in peer-to-peer coaching exercises enabled students to apply psychological principles and to make progress on personal goals. They also reported an improved awareness of the degree to which they could demonstrate key competencies related to employability via the acquisition of coaching psychology skills. The paper argues that this multiplicity of learning outcomes makes coaching psychology a highly valuable addition to any undergraduate psychology programme, with the potential to become a core aspect of the undergraduate psychology syllabus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses Glasgow's use of the Prudential Borrowing Framework (PBF) for rationalisation and renewal of its primary schools and the additional borrowing costs to be met by the resulting efficiency savings and by sale of surplus school sites. Our findings reveal that the PBF has many perceived advantages compared with the Private Finance Initiative/Public Private Partnership (PFI/PPP) route to capital procurement and modernisation. In particular, the link between policy and the use of resources is more transparent under PBF than for PFI/PPPs. However, the approach to risk management seems to have become more relaxed using the PBF even though the Council now retains all associated risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The aim of this paper was to examine the effect of regional accent on speechreading accuracy and the utility of contextual cues in reducing accent effects. Study 1: Participants were recruited from Nottingham (n =24) and Glasgow (n =17). Their task was to speechread 240 visually presented sentences spoken by 12 talkers, half with a Glaswegian accent, half a Nottingham accent. Both participant groups found the Glaswegian talkers less intelligible (p <0.05). A significant interaction between participant location and accent type (p <0.05) indicated that both participant groups showed an advantage for speechreading talkers with their own accent over the opposite group. Study 2: Participants were recruited from Nottingham (n =15). The same visual sentences were used, but each one was presented with a contextual cue. The results showed that speechreading performance was significantly improved when a contextual cue was used (p <0.05). However the Nottingham observers still found the Glaswegian talkers less intelligible than the Nottingham talkers (p <0.05). The findings of this paper suggest that accent type may have an influence upon visual speech intelligibility and as such may impact upon the design, and results, of tests of speechreading ability. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The rapid programme of school building undertaken across Glasgow by the School Boards (1873-1919) left the city with a rich legacy of architecture designed by the top architects of the day. This was in contrast to most other UK cities whose Board schools were designed by a single, directly employed architect. Most analysis of the Glasgow Boards' output has tended to focus on individual schools in isolation, primarily (and with good reason) Charles Rennie Mackintosh's Martyrs' and Scotland Street Schools. However, this approach overlooks the context within which the Board Schools were designed, built and operated. This paper aims to redress the balance, by providing an overview of the creation of the School Boards, the commissioning of architects, development of school design and the educational and social impact of the Boards, with a view to highlighting the importance of what remains of Glasgow's often neglected School Board heritage today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports findings from an exploratory study of mainly young people's verbally articulated perceptions of urban life in Glasgow, Scotland. The focus is upon areas of deprivation where territory and social capital is contested and whose meanings are possibly only partially grasped by our informants. Their personal knowledge of violence and sense of oppression (fear of violence and constrained agency) are explored through qualitative data generated by means of semi-structured interviews. Despite the qualified nature of our findings we believe they contribute to understanding a particular Scottish identity, one infused with notions of youth culture, community disorder and social exclusion. These results prompt us to highlight the need for more intense policy concern and interventions in order to address the mental health of young people whose lives are demonstrably blighted by poverty and its exclusionary material realities in a major twenty-first-century European city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gentrification—the creation of affluent space—has evolved from a sporadic and spontaneous process focusing on individual households into a municipal goal in and of itself, either in existing neighbourhoods, or in new-build developments. This is increasingly being done through flagship new- build gentrification projects. This paper examines why and how this strategy has been implemented in Rotterdam and Glasgow through a study of two projects: the Kop van Zuid and Glasgow Harbour. By using a comparative approach, it sheds further light on reasons for pursuing this municipal goal, and examines how large new-build flagship gentrification is used to help realise these aims. It reveals a discourse in which the rationale of this policy is linked to the attraction and retention of affluent households, a lack of which, it is believed by policy makers, hurts urban competitiveness, It shows that this discourse is present and influences these two projects despite the different compositions of actors involved (the municipally led Kop van Zuid and the developer-led Glasgow Harbour). However, the ways in which this goal is implemented vary according to the local contexts and the different roles ascribed to the various stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recent studies have suggested that walking interventions may be effective (at least in the short term) at increasing physical activity amongst those people who are the most inactive. This is a leading objective of contemporary public health policy in the UK and worldwide. However, before committing money from limited budgets to implement walking interventions more widely in the community, policymakers will want to know whether similar impacts can be expected and whether any changes will be required to the process to ensure uptake and success. This paper utilises the findings from a recent community-based pedometer study (Walking for Wellbeing in the West - WWW) undertaken in Glasgow, Scotland to address issues of feasibility. Methods: An economic analysis of the WWW study assessed the costs of the interventions (minimal and maximal) and combined these with the effects to present incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (cost/person achieving the target of an additional 15,000 steps/week). A qualitative evaluation, involving focus group discussions with WWW participants and short interviews with members of the WWW research team, explored perceived benefits and barriers associated with walking, as well as the successful aspects and challenges associated with the interventions. Results: The incremental cost effectiveness associated with the interventions was estimated as £92 and £591 per person achieving the target for the minimal and maximal interventions respectively. The qualitative evaluation gave insight into the process by which the results were achieved, and identified several barriers and facilitators that would need to be addressed before implementing the interventions in the wider community, in order to ensure their effective transfer. These included assessing the impact of the relationship between researchers and participants on the results, and the motivational importance of monitoring and assessing performance. Conclusions: The results suggest that pedometer based walking interventions may be considered cost-effective and suitable for implementation within the wider community. However, several research gaps remain, including the importance and impact of the researcher/participant relationship, the impact of assessment on motivation and effectiveness, and the longer term impact on physical and mental health, resource utilisation and quality of life. Trial registration: Current Control Trials Ltd ISRCTN88907382 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ASSIST is an architectural practice with offices in Glasgow and Edinburgh. It is one of the very few architectural cooperatives that have survived from the 1970s when it was created as a Research Unit of the Department of Architecture of University of Strathclyde, from which it left in 1983. Its origins are in the early days of the tenement improvement programme in Glasgow -- indeed, it could be argued that without ASSIST the physical shape of Glasgow would be quite different today. This paper is a personal account, maybe somewhat biased, as under the supervision of then Senior Lecturer Jim Johnson (later to become a well loved and influential Director of the Old Town Renewal Trust in Edinburgh), the author developed an experimental action research project in 1970 investigating the possibility of voluntary improvement. The project was interested in public participation in planning and architecture, not in saving tenements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which aims to determine the relation of the spatial pattern of Indian ethnic populations in Dundee and Glasgow, Scotland on residential geographies based on their faith. It mentions the use of location quotients (LQ) to explore the geographies and principal components analysis (PCA) to determine the relationship of ethnic-faith groups to residential distributions. Results show that clustering affects the way policy-makers and academics conceive ethnic segregation.

This is a synopsis of the significant research and clinical papers presented at the British Association of Dermatologists meeting held during 7–10 July 2009 in Glasgow, U.K. The conference and satellite symposia highlighted the recent biological, epidemiological and therapeutic advances in dermatology. This report is not meant as a substitute for reading the conference proceedings and related references quoted in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A key objective of the Glasgow housing stock transfer in 2003 was promoting community empowerment, community control and community ownership. The first-stage transfer was from Glasgow City Council to Glasgow Housing Association and it was assumed by many that transfer to local housing organisations (LHOs)--thus promoting community ownership--would follow. This paper assesses the nature of community empowerment in LHO management committees and is part of a wider programme of research on governance, participation and empowerment. The study found that, despite its construction and aims, stock transfer policy is not able to deliver a uniform policy outcome in terms of community empowerment. No unitary relationship between community empowerment and community ownership was observed: it is suggested that the opportunity and capability to make choices about preferred management/ ownership arrangements is more empowering than ownership per se. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper starts by identifying the intended benefits of community engagement in regeneration according to policy theory. It then adds to the evidence base by assessing to what extent these aims are being achieved through community engagement in the latest cycle of area regeneration in the city of Glasgow. It is based on a qualitative study of residents’ experiences and perceptions of the regeneration planning process in three neighbourhoods undergoing major regeneration. Up to the period beyond regeneration planning, and into the early stages of implementation, community engagement had made contributions to some of the identified aims. However, there were weaknesses in relation to community empowerment beyond regeneration, community cohesion and effective implementation in particular. A series of recommendations are made; of particular importance is the necessity to maintain community engagement throughout the regeneration process, between planning and implementation, in order to ensure that any benefits are sustained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]