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Results of a study of water and water–alcohol extracts of wild chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) depending on the conditions of their extraction by different methods are discussed. The test samples are wild chamomile samples collected in various regions of Russia. Phenolic components in their native forms were extracted from medicinal raw materials using infusion, maceration, microwave-assisted, ultrasound-assisted, and subcritical extraction, and by the pharmacopoeial method. Concentrations of individual components and total phenolic compounds in wild chamomile were determined by chromatographic methods. The HPLC determination of phenolic compounds with diode-array and mass spectrometric detection was carried out using gradient elution with a mixture of acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid. Chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid glycosides, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, dicaffeoylquinic and chicoric acid, apigenin-7-glucoside, and apigenin were identified in water and water–alcohol extracts of wild chamomile. The dependence of the concentration of phenolic compounds on the geographical place of the growth of plant raw materials was studied based on value of this parameter in extracts of wild chamomile samples from different territories. The maximum total concentration of phenolic compounds (10.1 mg/g) was found in the extract of chamomile from FarmaTsvet (Krasnogorsk, Moscow oblast). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Serratula L. (the Asteraceae family) is represented by two species in the Russia's Far East: Serratula manshurica Kitag. and Serratula komarovii Iljin, which are potential sources of biologically active compounds (phytoecdysteroids). Using liquid extraction with 70% ethanol and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP HPLC), six representatives of the flavonoid class in the above-ground parts (leaves, stems, and inflorescences) of S. komarovii growing in the Primorskii krai of the Far East of Russia, are identified for the first time: luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, chrysoeriol-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, quercetin, luteiolin, and 3-methylquercetin. The structure of the compounds luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, and chrysoeriol-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, which are isolated by preparative column chromatography on silica gel using gradient elution with a mixture of carbon tetrachloride and ethanol, is established by UV, 1H and 13C NMR, and 1H−13C heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC) spectroscopies. Luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside is found to be the major flavonoid in S. komarovii (its content in leaves and stems is 4.92 ± 0.98% and 1.23 ± 0.25%, respectively), and apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside is the dominant flavonoid found in inflorescences (1.10 ± 0.22%). Total flavonoids in the above-ground organs of S. komarovii are determined by differential spectrophotometry; their content varies from 1.96 to 9.04 wt %. The highest flavonoid content is found in leaves (9.04 ± 0.71%), and the lowest content is found in stems of the plant (1.96 ± 0.20%). As a result, S. komarovii can be a promising and constantly renewable source of not only phytoecdysteroids but also flavonoids for the pharmaceutical industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Organic acids (malic, citric, tartaric, oxalic, acetic, formic, isovaleric, ascorbic acids) make up a large group of biologically active substances and play an important role in plant and human metabolism. They are found in large quantities in the fruits of Rosaceae family medicinal plants that included in State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation. Standardization of crude herbal drugs containing organic acids by modern physicochemical methods is a high-priority task. Materials and methods: The determination of total organic acids amount was carried out in aqueous extracts from different fruits of Rosaceae family plants by galvanostatic coulometry and potentiometry methods. Galvanostatic coulometry was performed with the help of the "Expert-006" coulometer with a current of 5 mA (integrated pH meter). Iodine as an electrogenerated titrant was used for ascorbic acid determination; electro generation of hydroxide ions was carried out for determination of total organic acids amount. A potentiometer "Aquilon pH-410" with attached glass and silver chloride electrodes was used for potentiometric determination of total organic acids amount. Individual organic acids have been determined by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with ultra-violet detection (RP-HPLCUV) method. The following conditions were established: Gilson HPLC system, Alltech OA-1000 Organic Acids (6.5×300 mm, 9 µm) chromatography column, a gradient elution mode, component A of the mobile phase is 98% (0.1% phosphoric acid, 10 mM KH2PO4, solution in water) with 2% acetonitrile, component B is acetonitrile, the eluent feed rate is 1 ml/min. Results: Modern physicochemical methods for the analysis of biologically active substances, organic acids, for quality control of crude herbal drugs and medicinal herbal preparations, are developed and discussed. The optimal conditions for the qualitative and quantitative organic acid analysis are selected and described taking into account modern pharmacopoeial requirements. Conclusion: Galvanostatic coulometry and potentiometry methods, as well as RP-HPLC-UV, can be successfully used in the quality control of crude herbal drugs and medicinal herbal preparations, specifically fruits of Rosaceae family plants. Development and validation of analytical methods for monitoring the content of this BAS group is an important research area in the pharmacopoeial standardization of crude herbal drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]