Search

IntroductionNurses have a high prevalence of occupational low back pain, especially since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has increased the nurses' workloads. It has brought a huge burden on nurses and their professional development. Nurses' occupational low back pain prevention capacity is the logical starting point and core of interventions to prevent its occurrence. To date, there is no study investigating it with a scientific scale. Therefore, a multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the current status of nurses' capacity in occupational low back pain prevention and its influencing factors in China.MethodsUsing a two-stage, purposive and convenience mixed sampling method, 1331 nurses from 8 hospitals across 5 provinces (Hubei, Zhejiang, Shandong, Henan, and Sichuan) in the southern, western, northern, and central areas of mainland China were involved in this study. The demographic questionnaire and occupational low back pain prevention behavior questionnaire were used for data collection. The descriptive analysis, univariate analysis, and multiple stepwise linear regression were used for data analysis.ResultsThe results showed that the occupational low back pain prevention behavior questionnaire score was 89.00 (80.00, 103.00) [M (Q1, Q3)], which indicated that nurses' ability was at a moderate level. Participation in prevention training before, perceived stress at work, and working hours per week were predictors for nurses' occupational low back pain prevention capacity.DiscussionTo improve nurses' prevention ability, nursing managers should organize various training programs, strengthen regulations to reduce nurses' workload and stress, provide a healthy workplace, and offer incentives to motivate nurses.

Abstract Mismatch in the binary‐weighted capacitive digital‐to‐analog converter (DAC) greatly affects the linearity of the successive‐approximation‐register (SAR) ADC by deteriorating the total harmonic distortion (THD). In this study, a theoretical relationship between the THD and the mismatch error of DAC array in SAR ADC is derived through discrete Fourier transform (DFT) analysis of the time‐based integral error (TIE) of the ADC's output codes, which has no specific requirement on the type of the input signals. Guided by the theoretical THD expression, the trade‐off among the linearity, design complexity, power consumption and chip area can be balanced easily. The presented formula is verified by a design example of 12‐bit SAR ADC with dynamic‐element‐matching (DEM) technique, where the 3‐bit LSBs from the SAR ADC are used to generate the randomised DEM state according to the previous THD evaluation. The linearity is enhanced by 9 dB approximately with very low hardware complexity and extremely small extra power consumption of 2 μW.

Thermal conductivity and power factor are key factors in evaluating heat transfer performance and designing thermoelectric conversion devices. To search for materials with ultralow thermal conductivity and a high power factor, we proposed a set of universal statistical interaction descriptors (SIDs) and developed accurate machine learning models for the prediction of thermoelectric properties. For lattice thermal conductivity prediction, the SID-based model achieved the state-of-the-art results with an average absolute error of 1.76 W m−1 K−1. The well-performing models predicted that hypervalent triiodides XI3 (X = Rb, Cs) have ultralow thermal conductivities and high power factors. Combining first-principles calculations, the self-consistent phonon theory, and the Boltzmann transport equation, we obtained the anharmonic lattice thermal conductivities of 0.10 and 0.13 W m−1 K−1 for CsI3 and RbI3 in the c-axis direction at 300 K, respectively. Further studies show that the ultralow thermal conductivity of XI3 arises from the competition of vibrations between alkali metal atoms and halogen atoms. In addition, at 700 K, the thermoelectric figure of merit ZT values of CsI3 and RbI3 are 4.10 and 1.52, respectively, at the optimal hole doping level, which indicates hypervalent triiodides are potential high performance thermoelectric materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The fungal community, also known as mycobiota, plays pivotal roles in host nutrition and metabolism and has potential to cause disease. However, knowledge of the gut fungal structure in Caprinae is quite limited. In this study, the composition and diversity of the gut mycobiota of Caprinae animals from different geographical locations (Anhui, Jilin, Guangxi, Shandong, Shanxi, and Tibet) were comprehensively characterized by analyzing the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2) sequences of the fungal community. The results showed that Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant phyla, which, respectively, accounted for 90.86 to 95.27% and 2.58 to 7.62% of sequences in samples from each region. Nonetheless, the structure of the gut mycobiota was largely different in Caprinae animals in the different provinces. Therein, Sporormiaceae and Thelebolaceae were the dominant fungal families in the samples from Tibet, whereas their abundance was generally low in other regions. The intestinal diversity of individuals from Guangxi was higher than that in other regions. In addition, there were 114 differential genera among all regions. Finally, the co-occurrence network revealed 285 significant correlations in cross-family pairs in the guts of Caprinae animals, which contained 149 positive and 136 negative relationships, with 96 bacterial and 86 fungal participants at the family level. This study has improved the understanding of the mycobiota of ruminants and provided support for the improvement in animal health and productivity. IMPORTANCE In this study, we elucidated and analyzed the structure of the gut mycobiota of Caprinae animals from different regions. This study revealed differences in the structure of the gut mycobiota among Caprinae animals from different geographical environments. Based on previous findings, correlations between fungal and bacterial communities were analyzed. This study adds to previous research that has expanded the present understanding of the gut microbiome of Caprinae animals.

An investigation of risk factors has been identified as a crucial aspect of the routine management of rockburst. However, the identification methods for principal impact factors and the examination of the relationship between seismic energy and other source parameters have not been extensively explored to conduct dynamic risk management. This study aims to quantify impact risk factors and discriminate hazardous high-energy seismic events. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy weight method (EWM) are utilized to ascertain the primary control factors based on geotechnical data and nearly two months of seismic data from a longwall panel. Furthermore, the distribution law and correlation relationship among seismic source parameters are systematically analyzed. Results show that the effect of coal depth, coal seam thickness, coal dip, and mining speed covers the entire mining process, while the fault is only prominent in localized areas. There are varying degrees of log-positive correlations between seismic energy and other source parameters, and this positive correlation is more pronounced for hazardous high-energy seismic events. Utilizing the linear logarithmic relationship between seismic energy and other source parameters, along with the impact weights of dynamic risks, the comprehensive energy index for evaluating high-energy seismic events is proposed. The comprehensive energy index identification method proves to be more accurate by comparing with the high-energy seismic events based on energy criteria. The limitations and improvements of this method are also synthesized to obtaining a wide range of applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contradiction between the migration rate of molecular chains and mechanical strength has always been a key factor affecting the practical application of self‐healing anticorrosion coatings. In this paper, a series of supramolecular self‐healing elastomers (SPU‐MP) were prepared by the reaction of diphenylmethane diisocyanate and polyether amine. The results shown that the proportion of polyetheramine D230 (D230) in molecular segments affects the hydrogen bond density between molecular chains, thereby affecting the self‐healing efficiency and mechanical strength of SPU‐MP. When the ratio of D230 and polyetheramine D400 (D400) is 2:8, the tensile fracture strength of SPU‐MP8 is 5.08 MPa, and the self‐healing efficiency reaches 82.1% after 10 h of repair at room temperature. Further increasing the ratio of D230 increases the relaxation time of the molecular chain due to the increase in hydrogen bond density, resulting in a decrease in the self‐healing efficiency of SPU‐MP. The results of electrochemical experiments and neutral salt spray experiments indicate that the anticorrosion coating prepared by SPU‐MP8 exhibits good self‐healing performance. After immersing in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution for 35 days, the low‐frequency impedance modulus of the intact coating and the scratch coating were both higher than 107 Ω cm2, still shown good anticorrosion ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meat intake, particularly from oily fish, has been associated with various chronic diseases. However, its relationship with acne has always been controversial. Therefore, we have adopted Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal relationship between different types of meat intake and acne. The exposure and outcome datasets for this study were obtained from the Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) Open GWAS project. Seven datasets on meat intake were included, which consisted of non‐oily fish, oily fish, lamb/mutton, poultry, pork, beef, and processed meat. The main methods used for MR analysis were inverse variance weighted, weighted median, and MR‐egger. To ensure the accuracy of the results, heterogeneity, pleiotropy, and Mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR‐PRESSO) analyses were conducted. Additionally, an analysis of four risk factors (fasting insulin, insulin resistance, total testosterone level, and estradiol level) was performed to investigate the underlying mechanisms linking statistically significant meat intake to acne. Oily fish intake was found to be a protective factor for acne (OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.10–0.49, p <.001), and it was also observed that oily fish intake can reduce the level of fasting insulin by the IVW method (OR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.81–0.98, p =.02). No causal relationship was identified between other types of meat intake and acne. The intake of oily fish reduces the risk of acne by lowering fasting insulin levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Berberine (BBR) is used to treat cancer, inflammatory conditions, and so on. But the side effects of BBR causing constipation should not be ignored. In clinical application, the combination of Amomum villosum Lour. (AVL) and BBR can relieve it. However, the effective ingredients and molecular mechanism of AVL in relieving constipation are not clear. A small intestine propulsion experiment was conducted in constipated mice to screen active ingredients of AVL. We further confirmed the molecular mechanism of action of the active ingredient on BBR-induced constipation. Quercetin (QR) was found to be the effective ingredient of AVL in terms of relieving constipation. QR can efficiently regulate the microbiota in mice suffering from constipation. Moreover, QR significantly raised the levels of substance P and motilin while lowering those of 5-hydroxytryptamine and vasoactive intestinal peptide; furthermore, it also increased the protein expression levels of calmodulin, myosin light-chain kinase, and myosin light chain. The use of QR in combination with BBR has an adverse effect-reducing efficacy. The study provides new ideas and possibilities for the treatment of constipation induced by BBR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imidazole-based compounds are a series of heterocyclic compounds that exhibit a wide range of biological and pharmaceutical activities. However, those extant syntheses using conventional protocols can be time-costly, require harsh conditions, and result in low yields. As a novel and green technique, sonochemistry has emerged as a promising method for organic synthesis with several advantages over conventional methods, including enhancing reaction rates, improving yields, and reducing the use of hazardous solvents. Contemporarily, a growing body of ultrasound-assisted reactions have been applied in the preparation of imidazole derivatives, which demonstrated greater benefits and provided a new strategy. Herein, we introduce the brief history of sonochemistry and focus on the discussion of the multifarious approaches for the synthesis of imidazole-based compounds under ultrasonic irradiation and its advantages in comparison with conventional protocols, including typical name-reactions and various sorts of catalysts in those reactions.

The transition metal kagome lattice materials host frustrated, correlated and topological quantum states of matter.sup.1-9. Recently, a new family of vanadium-based kagome metals, AV.sub.3Sb.sub.5 (A = K, Rb or Cs), with topological band structures has been discovered.sup.10,11. These layered compounds are nonmagnetic and undergo charge density wave transitions before developing superconductivity at low temperatures.sup.11-19. Here we report the observation of unconventional superconductivity and a pair density wave (PDW) in CsV.sub.3Sb.sub.5 using scanning tunnelling microscope/spectroscopy and Josephson scanning tunnelling spectroscopy. We find that CsV.sub.3Sb.sub.5 exhibits a V-shaped pairing gap [DELTA] ~ 0.5 meV and is a strong-coupling superconductor (2[DELTA]/k.sub.BT.sub.c ~ 5) that coexists with 4a.sub.0 unidirectional and 2a.sub.0 × 2a.sub.0 charge order. Remarkably, we discover a 3Q PDW accompanied by bidirectional 4a.sub.0/3 spatial modulations of the superconducting gap, coherence peak and gap depth in the tunnelling conductance. We term this novel quantum state a roton PDW associated with an underlying vortex-antivortex lattice that can account for the observed conductance modulations. Probing the electronic states in the vortex halo in an applied magnetic field, in strong field that suppresses superconductivity and in zero field above T.sub.c, reveals that the PDW is a primary state responsible for an emergent pseudogap and intertwined electronic order. Our findings show striking analogies and distinctions to the phenomenology of high-T.sub.c cuprate superconductors, and provide groundwork for understanding the microscopic origin of correlated electronic states and superconductivity in vanadium-based kagome metals. A study reports unconventional superconductivity and a pair density wave in the kagome superconductor CsV.sub.3Sb.sub.5, and provides a basis for understanding the microscopic origin of correlated electronic states and superconductivity in vanadium-based kagome metals., Author(s): Hui Chen [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.3] [sup.4] , Haitao Yang [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.3] [sup.4] , Bin Hu [sup.1] [sup.2] , Zhen Zhao [sup.1] [sup.2] , Jie Yuan [sup.1] [sup.2] , [...]

IntoductionCryptosporidiosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Cryptosporidium infection with the main symptom of diarrhea. The present study performed a metaanalysis to determine the global prevalence of Cryptosporidium in Equus animals.MethodsData collection was carried out using Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP Chinese journal database (VIP), WanFang Data, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases, with 35 articles published before 2021 being included in this systematic analysis. This study analyzed the research data through subgroup analysis and univariate regression analysis to reveal the factors leading to high prevalence. We applied a random effects model (REM) to the metadata.ResultsThe total prevalence rate of Cryptosporidium in Equus was estimated to be 7.59% from the selected articles. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium in female Equus was 2.60%. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium in Equus under 1-year-old was 11.06%, which was higher than that of Equus over 1-year-old (2.52%). In the experimental method groups, the positive rate detected by microscopy was the highest (10.52%). The highest Cryptosporidium prevalence was found in scale breeding Equus (7.86%). The horses had the lowest Cryptosporidium prevalence (7.32%) among host groups. C. muris was the most frequently detected genotype in the samples (53.55%). In the groups of geographical factors, the prevalence rate of Cryptosporidium in Equus was higher in regions with low altitude (6.88%), rainy (15.63%), humid (22.69%), and tropical climates (16.46%).DiscussionThe search strategy use of five databases might have caused the omission of some researches. This metaanalysis systematically presented the global prevalence and potential risk factors of Cryptosporidium infection in Equus. The farmers should strengthen the management of young and female Equus animals, improve water filtration systems, reduce stocking densities, and harmless treatment of livestock manure.