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Shadow removal is a fundamental task that aims at restoring dark areas in an image where the light source is blocked by an opaque object, to improve the visibility of shadowed areas. Existing shadow removal methods have developed for decades and yielded many promising results, but most of them are poor at maintaining consistency between shadowed regions and shadow-free regions, resulting in obvious artifacts in restored areas. In this paper, we propose a two-stage (i.e., shadow detection and shadow removal) method based on the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) to remove shadows. In the shadow detection stage, a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) is trained to obtain the attention map of shadowed areas. Then the attention map is injected into both generator and discriminator to guide the shadow removal stage. The generator is a dual encoder-decoder that processes the shadowed regions and shadow-free regions separately to reduce inconsistency. The whole network is trained with a spatial variant reconstruction loss along with the GAN loss to make the recovered images more natural. In addition, a novel feature-level perceptual loss is proposed to ensure enhanced images more similar to ground truths. Quantitative metrics like PSNR and SSIM on the ISTD dataset demonstrate that our method outperforms other compared methods. In the meantime, the qualitative comparison shows our approach can effectively avoid artifacts in the restored shadowed areas while keeping structural consistency between shadowed regions and shadow-free regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroptosis is a novel type of iron-dependent programmed cell death characterised by intracellular iron overload, increased lipid peroxidation and abnormal accumulation of reactive oxygen species.It has been implicated in the progression of several diseases including cancer, ischaemia-reperfusion injury, neurodegenerative diseases and liver disease. The etiology of endometriosis (EMS) is still unclear and is associated with multiple factors, often accompanied by various forms of cell death and a complex microenvironment. In recent decades, the role of non-traditional forms of cell death, represented by ferroptosis, in endometriosis has come to the attention of researchers. This article reviews the transitional role of iron homeostasis in the development of ferroptosis, the characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis, and focuses on summarising the links between iron death and various pathogenic mechanisms of EMS, including oxidative stress, dysregulation of lipid metabolism, inflammation, autophagy and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The possible applications of ferroptosis in the treatment of EMS, future research directions and current issues are discussed with the aim of providing new ideas for further understanding of EMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The work proposes an optimization algorithm combining grey wolf optimization (GWO) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) to compute the hyperparameters of support vector machine (SVM) classifiers to improve the classification accuracy of SVM classifiers. • This paper proposes a boundary data extraction method combining classification and regression algorithms for the classification boundary of adaptive sampling methods. • Combining the above two methods this paper proposes an optimized adaptive sampling method and establishes a calculation process to achieve the improvement of the calculation accuracy of the adaptive sampling method. The risk-informed safety margin characterization (RISMC) method utilizes a probabilistic safety margin (PSM) comparison between a load and capacity distribution, rather than a deterministic comparison between two values. The RISMC method can be effective in exploiting the potential safety margins and improving the economics of nuclear power plants (NPPs). However, the high computational cost of the coupling calculation involved in RISMC significantly limits its application. This paper presents an optimized adaptive sampling (OAS) method to efficiently calculate the PSM of NPP accidents. The OAS method uses the support vector machine (SVM) method to predict the limit surface and grey wolf optimization combined with particle swarm optimization to tune the SVM hyperparameters. Additionally, OAS uses the Gaussian regression algorithm to modify the limit surface. The OAS method was firstly tested on three synthetic test functions and then generalized to station blackout (SBO) accidents of China Pressurized Reactor (CPR1000). The SBO results showed that the OAS method reduces the relative error between calculated and true values to about 1 % and improves the calculation efficiency by 5 times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroptosis, distinct from apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, and other types of cell death, is a novel iron-dependent regulated cell death characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides and redox imbalance with distinct morphological, biochemical, and genetic features. Dysregulation of iron homeostasis, the disruption of antioxidative stress pathways and lipid peroxidation are crucial in ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, ischemia-reperfusion injury, abdominal aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection, and heart failure. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that regulate ferroptosis in cardiovascular diseases will enhance the prevention and treatment of these diseases. This review discusses the latest findings on the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and its regulation in cardiovascular diseases, the application of ferroptosis modulators in cardiovascular diseases, and the role of traditional Chinese medicines in ferroptosis regulation to provide a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and identify new prevention and treatment options. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydraulic Suspended Passive Shutdown Subassembly (HS-PSS) is a passive nuclear safety technology employed in Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactors (SFR). During Sodium Fast Reactors (SFR) operation, this component is often subjected to stress cycles caused by flow-induced vibration (FIV), which may lead to material failure and potentially threaten the reactor's safety. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate and evaluate the FIV behavior of the HS-PSS in fast reactors. Different from the conventional used before, HS-PSS is a new type of control rod assembly with no existing studies on FIV. In this study, we established a full-scale experiment for FIV of the HS-PSS in different flow conditions and with various movable component positions (600 mm, 800 mm, 1200 mm). Modal experiments were conducted to determine the natural frequencies. FIV test results show that the highest amplitude occurs when the movable component is 800 mm, with a noticeable acceleration response near the first natural frequency. To explain the experimental observations, numerical simulations have been conducted to analyze the HS-PSS flow field characteristics. The simulations have considered different positions of the movable component at a fixed flow rate of 16.281 m3/h and different flow rates with the movable component positioned at 800 mm. The results indicate significant changes in the flow distribution within the HS-PSS and the hydraulic forces applied to the inlet surface of the movable component when the movable component is set at 800 mm. The experimental and numerical analysis results of this study have provided valuable insights for analyzing and assessing the FIV behavior of the HS-PSS in Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactors. • A test bench was constructed to study the flow-induced vibration of a Hydraulic Suspended Passive Shutdown Subassembly. • Experiments have discovered the location of special movable parts that respond significantly to vibrations. • The flow field simulation results are consistent with the experimental phenomena, explaining the cause of the vibration response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The 210–205 Ma Habake pluton was formed in a continental collision setting. • The final closure of the Paleo-Tethys in the West Kunlun orogenic belt occurred after 209 Ma. • The parent rocks of rare metal-mineralized pegmatites are all S-type granites and contain >150 ppm Li. Recent discoveries of rare metal pegmatite deposits in the West Kunlun region are believed to be related to Triassic granites. However, the tectonic background of the mineralization in this region is currently unclear. Additionally, the mineralization potential of the granite must be determined to assess whether further exploration is warranted. This paper reports whole-rock elemental and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions, and zircon U-Pb ages and Lu-Hf isotopic compositions for the Habake granitic pluton. The zircon U–Pb dating revealed that these rocks formed in the Late Triassic (210–205 Ma). The two-mica granites are strongly peraluminous high-K calc-alkaline series rocks, with initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.71294 ∼ 0.71428, εNd(t) values of −7.79 ∼ -8.15, and εHf(t) values of −1.77 ∼ −32.22; these values are similar to those of Triassic BaryanHar Group graywacke rocks. The other granites are weakly peraluminous high-K calc-alkaline series rocks, with initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.70820 ∼ 0.70823 and 0.70942 ∼ 0.71041, εNd(t) of −3.81 ∼ -4.11 and −5.33 ∼ -5.40, and εHf(t) of −0.90 to +7.02 and −1.39 to −7.68, indicating that the granodiorite and biotite granite were respectively derived from partial melting of the juvenile crust and older lower crust in continental collision stage. Our new data show that the end of the continental collision between the South Kunlun Terrane (SKT) and Tianshuihai terrane (TST) likely occurred after 209 Ma. After analysis of the ore-forming parent rocks of the rare metal pegmatites, the graywacke-derived Habake two-mica granites, has lower Li contents that too low(<150 ppm), indicating that they did not form the rare metal pegmatites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dynamically crosslinked supramolecular networks have emerged in the last decades as extremely stretchable and self‐healing materials thanks to the energy dissipation in weak and reversible interactions. Stretchable materials with tunable properties represent an effort to develop a charming class of smart devices. Once stretched, however, these materials' properties are usually fixed due to strain‐induced crystallization (SIC), hindering their practical applications. Here, photoinduced contraction smart fibers and photoswitchable adhesives are generated from a dynamic supramolecular gel network, the SIC in which can be disrupted by UV irradiation to release the prestored strain energy. The dynamic sliding of azo‐bridged bipedal host molecules along the polymer chains renders the extreme stretchability of supramolecular gel under stretching forces. The oriented crystalline microdomains or crystallites through SIC upon stretching serve as physical crosslinks to store the contractile energy of fibers and improve the adhesion force of adhesives, and then are disoriented induced by trans‐to‐cis isomerization of azobenzene mesogens to release the prestored strain energy, resulting in such contraction of fibers and reduction of adhesion strength of adhesives. This work provides inspiration for exploring the structure–property relationship of supramolecular networks and transforming their clear potential to fabricate more remarkable synthetic smart materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A case-control study was designed to investigate the association between the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) rs879922, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) rs1050828, and tenomodulin (TNMD) rs4828038 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and preeclampsia. A total of 356 Han Chinese pregnant women (170 controls and 186 cases) were recruited into the study. ACE2 rs879922, G6PD rs1050828, and TNMD rs4828038 were tested by the targeted next-generation sequencing technology and the data were analyzed using SPSS version 18. Genotyping of results revealed that patients with the CC/CT genotype in SNP rs4828038 or CC/CG genotype in SNP rs879922 had a significantly decreased susceptibility to late-onset preeclampsia (CC/CT versus TT: OR = 0.543, 95% CI = 0.378 to 0.779, p =.001; CC/CG versus GG: OR = 0.510, 95% CI = 0.038 to 0.860, p =.012). Our study found that the polymorphisms TNMD rs4828038 and ACE2 rs879922 might be associated with late-onset preeclampsia. What is already known on this subject? Preeclampsia is associated with multiple SNPs, and ACE2 rs879922, G6PD rs1050828, and TNMD rs4828038 are related to essential hypertension and glucose and lipid metabolism disorders. Essential hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia are risks for preeclampsia. The associations between those three SNPs and preeclampsia have not been reported. What do the results of this study add? The polymorphisms of TNMD rs4828038 and ACE2 rs879922 might be associated with the risk of late-onset preeclampsia. There was no relationship between SNP rs1050828 and preeclampsia. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? TNMD rs4828038 and ACE2 rs879922 might be target sites for genetic diagnosis and therapy, and the levels of mRNA and protein in pregnant women with preeclampsia should be further tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the strong capability of building complex nonlinear mapping without involving linearization theory and high prediction efficiency; the deep learning (DL) technique applied to solve geophysical inverse problems has been a subject of growing interest. Currently, most DL-based inversion approaches are fully data-driven (namely standard deep learning), the performance of which largely depends on the training sample sets. However, due to the heavy burden of time and computational resources, it can be challenging to supply such a massive and exhaustive training dataset for generic realistic exploration scenarios and to perform network training. In this work, based on the recent advances in physics-based networks, the physical laws of magnetotelluric (MT) wave propagation is incorporated into a purely data-driven DL approach (PlainDNN) and thus builds a physics-driven DL MT inversion scheme (PhyDNN). In this scheme, the forward operator modeling MT wave propagation is integrated into the network training loop, in the form of minimizing a hybrid loss objective function composed of the data-driven model misfit and physics-based data misfit, to guide the network training. Consequently, the proposed PhyDNN method will take the advantage of the fully data-driven DL and conventional physics-based deterministic methods, allowing it to deal with complex realistic exploration scenarios. Quantitative and qualitative analysis results demonstrate that the PhyDNN can honor the physical laws of the MT inverse problem, and with other conditions unchanged, the PhyDNN outperforms the PlainDNN and the classical deterministic Occam inversion method. When processing field data, the PhyDNN method yields considerably impressive inversion results compared to the Occam method, and the corresponding simulated MT responses agree well with the real measurements, which confirms the effectiveness and applicability of the PhyDNN method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Mesoporous carbon (MC) supported MgO catalysts were prepared by impregnation method. • MgO are highly dispersed on the surface of MC through metal-support interaction. • MgO/MC can efficiently catalyze transesterification of diethyl carbonates with alcohols. • Various unsymmetrical organic carbonates can be obtained at ambient temperature. • MgO/MC exhibit high stability and recyclability for transesterification reaction. Transesterification of dialkyl carbonate with various alcohols is a very attractive route for synthesizing unsymmetrical organic carbonates. Intensive efforts have been focused on developing highly active and stable heterogeneous catalysts that can efficiently catalyze the transesterification reaction at mild conditions. In this work, the synthesis of unsymmetrical organic carbonates was conducted over a series of mesoporous carbon-supported MgO (MgO/MC) catalysts. The composition-optimized MgO/MC catalyst exhibited remarkably high activity, selectivity and stability for the transesterification of diethyl carbonates with various alcohols at the commonly used reaction temperature of 125 °C, and could even work well at ambient temperature. The uniformly dispersed MgO species should be the main active sites for the transesterification reaction, while the neighboring oxygen- and nitrogen-containing groups existed on the surface of MC support may also play positive role in synergistically activating the reagents, thus leading to efficient production of the corresponding unsymmetrical organic carbonates at very mild conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The progression rate from CIN1 to CIN3 is 9.0% and that for invasive cancer is 1.0%. The large majority of CIN1 lesions regress spontaneously, and the treatment of CIN1 is still controversial. Aims: The aim of this study is to investigate the responsible HPV genotype in the low‐grade SILs, then to predict the presence of high‐grade SILs, and determine whether further treatment is needed. Methods: We use the methods of manual microdissection with FFPE tissue specimens and the E6/E7 uniplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect HPV in the lesions. Results: The HPV test was performed on 72 biopsy tissue specimens, and 55 (76.4%, 55/72) of them were HPV positive. Nine (16.4%, 9/55) of them escalated to CIN2 after LEEP or cervical conization, and 46 (83.6%, 46/55) were still CIN1. There were 17 (23.6%, 17/72) cases with HPV‐negative results in cervical biopsy tissues. HPV test of cervical biopsy diagnosed with CIN1 has a positive predictive value of 16.4% in the presence of CIN2 or higher lesions, a negative predictive value of 94.1%, a specificity of 25.8%, and a sensitivity of 90.0%. HPV test of cervical biopsy tissues for the prediction of HPV infection in LEEP or cone surgery tissues had a positive predictive value of 80.0%, a negative predictive value of 82.3%, a specificity of 56.0%, and a sensitivity of 93.6%. Conclusions: It is the first time that we have detected HPV genotype in the low‐grade SILs by the methods of manual microdissection with FFPE tissue specimens and the E6/E7 uniplex PCR. Patients with cervical biopsy tissue diagnosed with CIN1 and with a negative or only low‐risk HPV type result can be considered for follow‐up. Conversely, in cases of cervical biopsy tissue diagnosed with CIN1 positive for high‐risk HPV, surgery or a close follow‐up program can be selected. Patients with cervical biopsy tissue diagnosed with CIN1 and with a negative or only low‐risk HPV type result can be considered only follow‐up. Conversely, in cases of cervical biopsy tissue diagnosed with CIN1 positive for high‐risk HPV, surgery or a close follow‐up program can be selected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The critical grinding depth of the brittle-plastic transition is an important value in the ultrasonic vibration-assisted electrolytic in-process dressing (UAELID) grinding. In this pursuit, the present study was envisaged to provide a theoretical and experimental basis for the realization of efficient, controllable grinding, and minimal damage during the grinding. Theoretical models of critical grinding depth of UAELID grinding and electrolytic in-process dressing (ELID) grinding were established by the kinematics analysis of the single abrasive and indentation stress field analysis. Model simulation results indicated that the critical grinding depth could be controlled by changing the machining parameters. Two different types of precision grinding were carried out using zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA) ceramic artifacts. The range of the critical grinding depth was judged synthetically by employing the processing observation method. Also, the removal methods of the different grinding depth were analyzed. The experimental results showed that under the similar conditions, the ductile area processing range in the UAELID grinding was extended, along with an improvement in the machining efficiency and surface quality compared to ELID. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, Sentinel-1 (S-1) synthetic aperture radars (SARs) operating in wave mode and the real aperture radar (RAR) called Surface Waves Investigation and Monitoring (SWIM) onboard the China-France Oceanography SATellite (CFOSAT) are the only two kinds of spaceborne radars providing directional ocean wave information globally. To quantify the absolute uncertainties in the swell wave heights of a specific wave system (Hss) observed from these two spaceborne sensors, a triple colocation error model is exploited via WaveWatch III (WW3) wave model hindcasts for the first time. After implementing spatiotemporal collocation, cross-assigning swell partitions, and rejecting suspicious data, a database of the optimal-matched Hss triplets (S-1, SWIM, and WW3) is determined over a one-year period (June 2020–June 2021). Qualitatively, traditional dual intercomparisons indicate the inconsistency between the Hss from both SAR and RAR radars in terms of systematic biases. Furthermore, the triple collocated error analysis quantitatively reveals that, at a global scale, SWIM onboard CFOSAT has the least uncertainty in Hss [~0.2-m root mean square error (RMSE) and ~11% scatter index (SI)] compared with S-1 SAR (0.35–0.50-m RMSE and 17%–26% SI depending on incidence modes) and WW3, under the assumption that the random errors of the three data sources are independent, indicating that the newly launched SWIM instrument is an invaluable resource of directional wave information for the scientific community. The results are discussed with respect to regional error characteristics along with a feasible explanation of error sources. The findings could be helpful for better understanding and synergistically exploiting the Hss datasets from these two spaceborne radars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving ultrawide-angle absorption is urgently required in stealth technology. In this article, we propose a promising scheme to push the development of this issue and achieve wide-angle electromagnetic (EM) absorption in a dynamically controllable manner via a reconfigurable origami-based metamaterial. For this purpose, the Miura-ori sheet is applied to load the meta-atoms with cross-shaped resistive films. Accordingly, the wide-angle absorption characteristics of the origami absorber change drastically by adjusting the folded states. In contrast with the conventional 2-D and 3-D absorbers, the 3-D origami absorber state has four normal vectors. Thus, it provides an excellent approach to prevent the deterioration of absorption in a wide-angle range. When the folding angle $\theta =35$ °, the origami absorber exhibits an ultrawideband absorption of 1.44–40 GHz and wide-angle absorption up to 70°. As a proof-of-concept, a prototype that can shift the folding angle from 0° to 90° was fabricated. The absorption performances in the two folding states of fixed folding angles are numerically simulated and experimentally verified in the microwave regime. We believe that the better coverage incident-angle characteristics of the proposed reconfigurable origami-based absorber at specific folding state broaden its applications in various fields, such as EM pollution, radar technology, and EM invisibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A keloid results from abnormal wound healing, which has different blood perfusion and growth states among patients. Active monitoring and treatment of actively growing keloids at the initial stage can effectively inhibit keloid enlargement and has important medical and aesthetic implications. LSCI (laser speckle contrast imaging) has been developed to obtain the blood perfusion of the keloid and shows a high relationship with the severity and prognosis. However, the LSCI-based method requires manual annotation and evaluation of the keloid, which is time consuming. Although many studies have designed deep-learning networks for the detection and classification of skin lesions, there are still challenges to the assessment of keloid growth status, especially based on small samples. This retrospective study included 150 untreated keloid patients, intensity images, and blood perfusion images obtained from LSCI. A newly proposed workflow based on cascaded vision transformer architecture was proposed, reaching a dice coefficient value of 0.895 for keloid segmentation by 2% improvement, an error of 8.6 ± 5.4 perfusion units, and a relative error of 7.8% ± 6.6% for blood calculation, and an accuracy of 0.927 for growth state prediction by 1.4% improvement than baseline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the equilibrium and nonequilibrium quantum information correlations encoded in a two-qubit system in curved spacetime near the horizon of a Kerr black hole. We study the impact of mass and the angular momentum and further the local curvature or accelerations on the behaviors of the quantum correlations between the two qubits. We show that the quantum information of the two qubits is encoded in the spacetime structure. Concretely, the quantum correlations in the two-qubit system vary non-monotonically with the mass of the black hole and are amplified by the angular momentum, while the curvature suppresses the quantum correlations in the system. We show that the nonequilibrium can also contribute to the quantum correlations. Remarkably, the nonequilibrium can lead to the increase of quantum correlations in the steady state under the curved spacetime shown in this black hole example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2-Amino-3-methylhexanoic acid (AMHA) was synthetized as a non-natural amino acid more than 70 years ago; however, its possible function as an inducer of plant resistance has not been reported. Plant resistance inducers, also known as plant elicitors, are becoming a novel and important development direction in crop protection and pest management. We found that free AMHA accumulated in the mycelia but not in fermentation broths of four fungal species, Magnaporthe oryzae and three Alternaria spp. We unequivocally confirmed that AMHA is a naturally occurring endogenous (2S, 3S)-α-amino acid, based on isolation, purification and structural analyses. Further experiments demonstrated that AMHA has potent activity-enhancing resistance against extreme temperature stresses in several plant species. It is also highly active against fungal, bacterial and viral diseases by inducing plant resistance. AMHA pretreatment strongly protected wheat against powdery mildew, Arabidopsis against Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 and tobacco against Tomato spotted wilt virus. AMHA exhibits a great potential to become a unique natural elicitor protecting plants against biotic and abiotic stresses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Cervical microbial community in the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer patients was analysed to study its composition, diversity and signalling pathways by high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing,and the candidate genes associated with occurrence and progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia were screened out and the model was established to predict the evolution of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia malignant transformation from the cervical microbial genes aspect.Methods: Cervical tissues of normal, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer patients without receiving any treatment were collected. The correlation between candidate genes and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia progression was initially determined by analyzing the microbial flora. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of candidate genes in different cervical tissues, ROC curve and logistic regression was used to analyse and predict the risk factors related to the occurrence and progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Finally, the early warning model of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia occurrence and progression is established.Results: Cervical tissues from normal, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer patients were collected for microbial community high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing. The analysis revealed five different pathways related to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. 10 candidate genes were selected by further bioinformatics analysis and preliminary screening. Real time PCR, ROC curve and Logistic regression analysis showed that human papillomavirus infection, TCT severity, ABCG2, TDG, PCNA were independent risk factors for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. We used these indicators to establish a random forest model. Seven models were built through different combinations. The model 4 (ABCG2 + PCNA + TDG) was the best early warning model for the occurrence and progression of CIN.Conclusions: A total of 5 differential pathways and 10 candidate genes related to occurrence and progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia were found in cervical microbial community. This study firstly identified the genes from cervical microbial community that play an important role in the occurrence and progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. At the same time, the early warning model including ABCG2 + PCNA+TDG genes provided a new idea and target for clinical prediction and blocking the evolution of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia malignant transformation from the aspect of cervical microbiological related genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern food retailers in China use both intrinsic quality cues (IQCs) (e.g., umami and flavorfulness) and extrinsic quality cues (EQCs) (e.g., antibiotics-free) to market pork products. However, Chinese consumers trust IQCs over EQCs when judging the quality of pork. This study explored the reasons for this phenomenon and developed strategies for improving consumer trust in EQCs. This research engaged two focus groups and conducted 41 in-depth interviews, including consumers and managers of a leading fresh food retailer in Guangzhou. It was determined that the failure of linking EQCs with familiar IQCs was a key reason for their strong IQC preference. Food retailers enhanced EQC acceptance by integrating it into the existing IQC-based knowledge system, and highlighted transparency in production and distribution processes to build consumer trust in EQCs.The proximity of content and form between EQCs and IQCs will eventually improve consumers' acceptance of EQCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of flexible AC transmission technology provides a new technical means for ensuring the reliable grid connection and stable operation of wind farms. Among them, the static reactive power generator has a fast response speed, which can accurately compensate for the reactive power of the wind farm and improve the power factor; this is widely used in wind farms. To obtain accurate static var generator (SVG) parameters to meet the reliability requirements of a power system, we propose an adaptive estimation method that considers the wind speed fluctuation of wind farms. First, analyzing the dynamic SVG characteristics allowed us to establish a mathematical model. Then, the corresponding relationship between the sensitivity values of the parameters to be identified and the fluctuating wind speed was established, and low and high wind speed models were constructed. Finally, for accurate estimation considering wind speed fluctuation, the parameter initial values are obtained by combining the low wind speed and high wind speed model identification parameters, and we introduce the multimode hybrid estimation of the SVG parameters, providing a new method for accurately identifying the SVG model parameters. The simulation results of the parameter estimation demonstrate the accuracy and stability of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Post-stroke depression (PSD) is one of the most common neuropsychiatric complications after stroke. Studies on the underlying mechanisms and biological markers of sex differences in PSD are of great significance, but there are still few such studies. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to investigate the association of biomarkers with PSD at 3 months after minor stroke in men and women. Methods: This was a prospective multicenter cohort study that enrolled 530 patients with minor stroke (males, 415; females, 115). Demographic information and blood samples of patients were collected within 24 h of admission, and followed up at 3 months after stroke onset. PSD was defined as a depressive disorder due to another medical condition with depressive features, major depressive-like episode, or mixed-mood features according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-V). Univariate analysis was performed using the chi-square test, Mann–Whitney U test, or t-test. Partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to distinguish between patients with and without PSD. Factors with variable importance for projection (VIP) > 1.0 were classified as the most important factors in the model segregation. Results: The PLS-DA model mainly included component 1 and component 2 for males and females. For males, the model could explain 13% and 16.9% of the variables, respectively, and 29.9% of the variables in total; the most meaningful predictors were exercise habit and fibrinogen level. For females, the model could explain 15.7% and 10.5% of the variables, respectively, and 26.2% of the variables in total; the most meaningful predictors in the model were brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), magnesium and free T3. Fibrinogen was positively correlated with the Hamilton Depression Scale-17 items (HAMD-17) score. BDNF, magnesium, and free T3 levels were negatively correlated with the HAMD-17 score. Conclusions: This was a prospective cohort study. The most important markers found to be affecting PSD at 3 months were fibrinogen in males, and free T3, magnesium, and BDNF in females. Trial registration: ChiCTR-ROC-17013993. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, many experiments have revealed that the functional balance between hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) plays a crucial role in viral mobility, production, and transmission. However, whether and how HA and NA maintain balance at the sequence level needs further investigation. Here, we applied principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis on thousands of HA and NA sequences of A/H1N1 and A/H3N2. We discovered significant coevolution between HA and NA at the sequence level, which is closely related to the type of host species and virus epidemic years. Furthermore, we propose a sequence-to-sequence transformer model (S2STM), which mainly consists of an encoder and a decoder that adopts a multi-head attention mechanism for establishing the mapping relationship between HA and NA sequences. The training results reveal that the S2STM can effectively realize the "translation" from HA to NA or vice versa, thereby building a relationship network between them. Our work combines unsupervised and supervised machine learning methods to identify the sequence matching between HA and NA, which will advance our understanding of IAVs' evolution and also provide a novel idea for sequence analysis methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By introducing different metal ions, we present three new coordination polymers {[Ln(DHTA)1.5(H2O)3]·H2O} n (Ln = La 1 , Ce 2 , Nd 3 , H2DHTA = 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid) by using a hydrothermal technique. Structural analysis revealed that 1 – 3 are isostructural, displaying a one-dimensional structure along the a axis and a two-dimensional network along the b axis, which was stabilised by O–H⋯O intermolecular hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking interactions. The photoluminescent data of the three complexes have been studied in detail. Moreover, C and H elemental analysis, infrared (IR) spectroscopy in the range of 4000–400 cm−1, powder X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis (TG) of the three complexes have also been described. Three new complexes based on 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid (H2DHTA), namely, {[Ln(DHTA)1.5(H2O)3]·H2O} n (Ln = La 1 , Ce 2 , Nd 3), have been successfully synthesised under hydrothermal conditions. Structural analysis revealed that 1 – 3 are isostructural and all display a one-dimensional structure along the a axis and a two-dimensional network along the b axis, which was stabilised by O–H⋯O hydrogen bonding and π–π interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To deal with emergencies in the development of large passenger aircraft, the optimization of supply chain resilience is studied. First, based on the "main manufacturer–supplier" model adopted by the synergistic development supply chain of large passenger aircraft, a resilience analysis framework is established from the perspective of the main manufacturer and supplier, based on which a bilateral grey quality function deployment resilience measurement model is proposed. Second, a single-perspective resilience optimization model of the main manufacturer and supplier under cost constraints is constructed. Then, an overall resilience optimization model of the supply chain considering the synergistic effect and cooperation uncertainty is presented. Finally, the development of a large airliner's fuselage is taken as an example to illustrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed model. The results show that (1) the synergy between the main manufacturers and suppliers can not only improve resilience of the whole supply chain, but also reduce their own competitiveness and resilience, respectively; (2) a benign cooperative relationship can effectively improve the overall resilience; on the contrary, it can reduce the overall elasticity; (3) the cost of supply chain has a great impact on the resilience of the main manufacturers and suppliers, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Melanoma is among the most aggressive types of skin malignancy and can have an unpredictable clinical course. Exploration of novel therapeutic targets and their regulators remains essential for the prevention and treatment of melanoma. Methods: HSDL2 protein levels were examined by immunohistochemistry. The roles of HSDL2 in cell proliferation and apoptosis were identified by CCK-8 and colony formation assays. The function of HSDL2 in cell apoptosis was analysed by flow cytometry. Western blotting, cell proliferation and apoptosis and a xenograft tumour model were utilized to explore the inhibitory functions and mechanisms of CuE in melanoma. Results: HSDL2 is overexpressed in melanoma and promotes melanoma progression by activating the ERK and AKT pathways. CuE could inhibit the ERK and AKT pathways by decreasing HSDL2 expression; therefore, CuE could inhibit melanoma growth in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: HSDL2 may be a promising therapeutic target against melanoma, and CuE can inhibit melanoma by downregulating HSDL2 expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study attempts to characterize the variation of pressure loss and the evolution of vortex structures in the steady three-dimensional flow around a 180° sharp bend under a transverse magnetic field. This study is conducted with the Reynolds number, 100 ≤ R e ≤ 400 , and Hartmann number, 0 ≤ H a ≤ 2000. This range of Re and Ha captures both complex three-dimensional structures and the inception of quasi-two-dimensional flows. Numerical simulations display how the pressure loss across the bend region (Δ p 0 ) and the vortex structures undergo four regimes by increasing Ha for fixed Re. These regimes are referred to as regimes I–IV. N 1 c , N 2 c , and N 3 c , the critical values of interaction number Nc for the first appearance of regimes II–IV, are recognized at values 0.8, 3.2, and 40, respectively. In regime I (N ≤ 0.8), Δ p 0 increases slightly and the magnetohydrodynamic flow promotes the recirculating bubble. In regime II (0.8 < N ≤ 3.2), as Δ p 0 decreases, the scope of the recirculating bubble reaches its peak. In regime III (3.2 < N ≤ 40), Δ p 0 grows, while the shrinkage of the recirculating bubble is triggered. Simultaneously, the flow tends to be two-dimensional [J. Sommeria and R. Moreau, "Why, how, and when, MHD turbulence becomes two-dimensional," J. Fluid Mech. 118, 507 (1982)]. In regime IV (40 < N), Δ p 0 is linearly dependent on Ha/Re. The non-monotonic behavior of the recirculating bubble length is caused by the redistribution of momentum at low Ha and by the predominant effect of the Lorentz force at large Ha. The law of how to distinguish the three-dimensional (3D) flow and quasi-two-dimensional (Q2D) flow is discovered by assessing the recirculating bubble length in the center plane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reducing mineral processing water costs and freshwater consumption is a challenging task in the mineral processing water distribution (MPWD). The work presented in this paper focuses on two aspects of the MPWD optimization model and the MPWD optimization method. To achieve MPWD optimization effectively, a nonlinear constrained multiobjective model is built. The problem is formulated with two objectives of minimizing the mineral processing water costs and maximizing the amount of recycled water. In this paper, an optimization method named enhancing the multiobjective artificial bee colony (EMOABC) algorithm is proposed to solve this model. The EMOABC algorithm uses four strategies to obtain the Pareto-optimal solutions and to achieve the MPWD optimal solutions. With the three benchmark functions, the EMOABC algorithm outperforms the other two widely used algorithms in solving complex multiobjective optimization problems. The EMOABC algorithm is then applied to two cases. Results have shown that the proposed algorithm has the ability to solve the MPWD optimization model. The developed model and the proposed algorithm provide decision support for the actual MPWD problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study was conducted over 10 years using an open top chamber experiment in the Sanjiang Plain to explore the impact of environmental parameters and bacterial community composition and structure under long-term conditions of elevated CO2 concentrations (eCO2, 550 μmol·mol−1). Methods: Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA was used to determine soil bacterial communities over the long-term in the Sanjiang Plain. Vegetation characteristics and soil properties were also investigated. Results: Dominant bacterial group was Proteobacteria, accounting for 23.52–39.03%, while there were remarkable changes in the bacterial community composition. eCO2 increased the relative abundance of Subgroup_6 and decreased those of AD3 and Candidatus_Udaeobacter. These variations might be related to gene functions. A redundancy analysis indicated that there was a strong relationship between dominant bacterial phyla and environmental factors (photosynthetic rate, aboveground biomass and stomatal conductance). Structural equation model (SEM) showed that eCO2 and year both affected the soil bacterial community. In contrast, the short-term had greater impacts on the bacterial community under eCO2 compared with the long-term via indirect effects on vegetation and soil characteristics. Conclusions: eCO2 affect soil bacterial community through indirect effects on soil nutrient content and vegetation characteristics in the short-term whereas showed adaptability to eCO2 in the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human Activity Recognition (HAR) has been employed in a wide range of applications, e.g. self-driving cars, where safety and lives are at stake. Recently, the robustness of skeleton-based HAR methods have been questioned due to their vulnerability to adversarial attacks. However, the proposed attacks require the full-knowledge of the attacked classifier, which is overly restrictive. In this paper, we show such threats indeed exist, even when the attacker only has access to the input/output of the model. To this end, we propose the very first black-box adversarial attack approach in skeleton-based HAR called BASAR. BASAR explores the interplay between the classification boundary and the natural motion manifold. To our best knowledge, this is the first time data manifold is introduced in adversarial attacks on time series. Via BASAR, we find on-manifold adversarial samples are extremely deceitful and rather common in skeletal motions, in contrast to the common belief that adversarial samples only exist off-manifold. Through exhaustive evaluation, we show that BASAR can deliver successful attacks across classifiers, datasets, and attack modes. By attack, BASAR helps identify the potential causes of the model vulnerability and provides insights on possible improvements. Finally, to mitigate the newly identified threat, we propose a new adversarial training approach by leveraging the sophisticated distributions of on/off-manifold adversarial samples, called mixed manifold-based adversarial training (MMAT). MMAT can successfully help defend against adversarial attacks without compromising classification accuracy. • We propose the first black-box attack in skeleton-based action recognition. The results show that on-manifold adversarial samples in skeletal motion are truly dangerous because they are not easily identifiable under even strict perceptual studies. • A new adversarial defense for skeleton-based action recognition is proposed, by leveraging the sophisticated distributions of on/off-manifold adversarial samples in adversarial training. • A new perceptual study protocol for evaluating motion attack quality is proposed, addressing that there is currently no metrics suitable for evaluating motion attack quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A wasserstein generative adversal network with ladder punishment is proposed to deal with multiple uncertainties of scenery. The maximum fluctuation range of generated scenery output is more than 90 % consistent with the maximum fluctuation range of actual output, which can well reflect the volatility of scenery output. At the same time, the improved ISODATA (Iterative self-organizing data analysis techniques algorithm, ISODATA) algorithm is combined to reduce the scene. The effect of scene reduction is improved by 74.1 % compared with the traditional method, and the representativeness of typical scenes is higher. • In the aspect of safety, the risk of voltage exceeding the limit, branch power exceeding the limit and system load loss are proposed. In the aspect of economy, the risk of line loss and operating profit and loss of the system are considered. At the same time, an improved subjective and objective combination weighting method is proposed. The calculation results take into account the knowledge and experience of experts and the data characteristics of indicators, which makes the weight calculation results more convincing, determines the comprehensive operation risk of distribution network, and can be used as a reference for measures to improve the operation risk of distribution network. • The wind-wind output volatility - line failure rate model in lightning weather is established, and the distribution network operation risk under the consideration of wind-wind volatility and lightning weather is analyzed, and the impact of the wind-wind output fluctuation on the system operation risk is considered, and a variety of factors affecting the distribution network operation risk are comprehensively considered to improve the comprehensibility and accuracy of the assessment. Aiming at the problem that the operation state of distribution network is affected by the output fluctuation of renewable energy and the topology of distribution network, a comprehensive risk assessment method of distribution network based on WGAN-GP (Wasserstein generative adversarial network with gradient penalty, WGAN-GP) and improved subjective and objective combination weights is proposed. Firstly, a Wasserstein generation adversative network with ladder penalty is proposed to deal with multiple uncertainties in the landscape. At the same time, combined with the improved ISODATA (Iterative self-organizing data analysis techniques algorithm, ISODATA) scenario reduction method, and considering the change of the topology of distribution network caused by lightning weather, the wind and landscape output fluctuation-lightning weather line failure rate model is established. Secondly, considering the economy and safety of the operation of the renewable energy access system, the risks of voltage overstep, branch power overstep and system load loss are proposed in terms of safety, and economic risk indicators are proposed in terms of economy, considering the risk of system operation line loss and operating profit and loss, so as to comprehensively consider the source of system risk. Thirdly, the improved subjective and objective combination of weights is used to assign reasonable weights. The calculation results take into account the knowledge and experience of experts and the data characteristics of indicators, which makes the weight calculation results more convincing, determines the comprehensive operation risk of distribution network, and serves as a reference for measures to improve the operation risk of distribution network. Finally, CPLEX was used to solve the IEEE33-node distribution network optimization model to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed model and method, and further analyzed the distribution network operation risk considering wind and lightning weather, and considered the influence of flexible load balance wind and wind output fluctuation on the system operation risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An original activated carbon is prepared using golden needle mushroom roots. • As-prepared AC-5 has excellent physical and chemical properties. • The AC-5 electrode exhibits a high specific capacitance of 360.4 F/g. • Such novel activated carbon shows a great potential prospect in supercapacitors. Herein, an original activated carbon (AC) is prepared using golden needle mushroom roots and potassium hydroxide. After carbonization under 500 °C, AC-5 exhibits good graphitization degree, appropriate nitrogen and oxygen elements, large specific surface area, and micro-meso porous structures. Notably, AC-5 as electrodes in supercapacitors has excellent electrochemical performances, e. g. high specific capacitance (360.4 F/g), impressive rate capability (77 %, from 10 mV/s to 200 mV/s), and outstanding cycling durability (99.56 %, after 10,000 cycles). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advancement of safety and reliability in Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) is essential for ensuring the protection of human life, the environment, and the sustainable use of clean energy. The key factor to achieve this goal is enhancing operator performance, as their decisions play a crucial role during reactor accidents. In this sense, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with safety systems in NPP could provide suggestions and recommendations to the operator, leading to a quick and accurate response. However, the complexity of models like Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), often considered as black boxes, presents challenges for operators to comprehend the decision-making process. This difficulty leads to a lack of trust in the model's output. Therefore, ensuring algorithm transparency becomes crucial to maintain a positive relationship between humans and AI technology. In this study, the necessary data were collected through the automation technique implemented in the (PCTRAN) software. Subsequently, CNN was employed to classify various design-based accidents (DBA), accompanied by transfer learning to optimize accuracy. Finally, Shapley Additive Explanation (SHAP) was used to provide outcome explainability. The results show the effectiveness of automation in reducing time consumption and optimizing hardware resource utilization. Among the pre-trained models, MobileNet exhibits superior performance by requiring a smaller dataset and less time, achieving the highest accuracy, and demonstrating an optimal balance of (correct and incorrect) data prediction within the classes. Furthermore, the use of Explainable AI (XAI) provides result transparency and clarifies the reasons behind CNN incorrect predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel photocatalyst (D-cys/Au NPs-TiO 2 , DAT) was successfully fabricated. • The highest degradation rate of DAT for chlorpyrifos reaches 96.7%. • The degradation pathway of OPPs involved oxidation of P = S, cleavage of O-P and C-O. • This study provides a potential approach to remove OPPs in fruits and vegetables. The widespread use of organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) in foods, poses a serious threat to human and environmental health, it is crucial to develop methods that can efficiently degrade residual OPPs. Herein, a chiral TiO 2 photocatalyst was developed by modification TiO 2 with D-cys/Au NPs (DAT) for the simultaneous degradation of four OPPs (chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, malathion, and parathion) by natural light. The influence of D-Au NPs concentration on the degradation process was optimized, along with the initial pesticide concentration. Under optimal conditions, the photocatalytic degradation efficiencies of DAT for four OPPs were 96.7 %, 56.9 %, 42.6 %, and 49.2 %, respectively, after 12 h of natural light exposure. 12 degradation products of OPPs were identified, among which three products were identified for the first time. The degradation pathway revealed that the degradation of OPPs by DAT involves the oxidation of the P═S bond and the cleavage of the P-O bond and C-O bond. This study establishes a theoretical foundation for applying chiral TiO 2 nanomaterials for the photocatalytic degradation of OPPs in foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Since 2020, China has actively promoted HPV vaccination for eligible adolescent girls through various pilot programmes. This study investigated parental willingness and hesitancy towards the government-sponsored, free human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination for eligible adolescent girls in Shenzhen, Southern China. Methods: From June to August 2022, a cross-sectional survey was conducted with parents of girls entering Grade 7, employing an adapted Vaccine Hesitancy Scale to assess vaccine hesitancy and logistic regression to identify factors influencing willingness to accept the free domestic vaccines. Results: Although only 3.4% of the 2856 respondents had their daughters vaccinated against HPV prior to the survey, 91.7% were willing to utilise the governmental vaccination services. Parents with children in public schools (χ2 = 20.08, p < 0.001), those with more secure medical insurance (χ2 = 4.97, p = 0.026), and parents who had received an HPV vaccine themselves (χ2 = 28.829, p < 0.001) showed more reluctance towards the free vaccines. Vaccine hesitancy was presented in a mere 2.1% but was a significant predictor of vaccine refusal, even after adjusting for multiple factors (adjusted OR = 15.98, 95% CI: 9.06, 28.20). Notably, about four-fifths of parents of unvaccinated daughters harboured concerns about the safety and efficacy of the domestic vaccine. Conclusions: Although parents show a strong inclination to utilise the government vaccination services, their vaccine hesitancy, driven by safety concerns and a preference for imported vaccines, remains a significant barrier for rolling out vaccination coverage. This study highlights the need for multifaceted intervention strategies that address these issues to enhance HPV vaccine uptake effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constructing stable and efficient photocatalysts for H2O2 production is of great importance and is challenging. In this study, the synthesis of three photoactive cyclooctatetrathiophene (COTh)‐based porous aromatic frameworks (COTh‐PAFs) in an alternating donor‐acceptor (D−A) fashion is presented. In combination with a triazine‐derived electron acceptor, PAF‐363 exhibits high efficiency for the photosynthesis of H2O2 with production rates of 11733 μmol g−1 h−1(with sacrificial agent) and 3930 μmol g−1 h−1 (without sacrificial agent) from water and oxygen under visible light irradiation. Experimental results and theoretical calculations reveal that the charge transfer positions and the O2 adsorption sites in PAF‐363 are both concentrated on COTh fragments, which facilitate the H2O2 production through the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) pathway. This work highlights that the rational design of COTh‐PAFs with consideration of D−A direction, charge transfer positions, and O2 adsorption sites provides a feasible access to efficient H2O2 production photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constructing stable and efficient photocatalysts for H2O2 production is of great importance and is challenging. In this study, the synthesis of three photoactive cyclooctatetrathiophene (COTh)‐based porous aromatic frameworks (COTh‐PAFs) in an alternating donor‐acceptor (D−A) fashion is presented. In combination with a triazine‐derived electron acceptor, PAF‐363 exhibits high efficiency for the photosynthesis of H2O2 with production rates of 11733 μmol g−1 h−1(with sacrificial agent) and 3930 μmol g−1 h−1 (without sacrificial agent) from water and oxygen under visible light irradiation. Experimental results and theoretical calculations reveal that the charge transfer positions and the O2 adsorption sites in PAF‐363 are both concentrated on COTh fragments, which facilitate the H2O2 production through the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) pathway. This work highlights that the rational design of COTh‐PAFs with consideration of D−A direction, charge transfer positions, and O2 adsorption sites provides a feasible access to efficient H2O2 production photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is based on the core pathogenesis of yin-yang poisoning recorded in the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber and clarifies the characteristics of "yin poisoning" and "yang poisoning" as considered during the Han and Tang dynasties. It is found that the classification criteria for the two are based on the manifestation of syndromes rather than the cold and heat of the pathogenesis. By analyzing the syndrome of yin-yang poisoning in the Synopsis of the Golden Chamber and combining the records with people's understanding of the efficacy of various medicinals in Shengma Biejia Decoction during the Han and Tang dynasties, it is demonstrated that the core pathogenesis is stagnation, mainly reflected in three aspects: accumulation of toxins, stagnation of qi and blood, and stagnation of yang qi. Among these, the degree and location of stagnation of yang qi are the reasons for the difference between yin poisoning and yang poisoning. The disease of yang poisoning is characterized by sufficient yang qi in the body, obstruction of pathogenic factors on the surface, and intense competition between vital qi and evil qi. Therefore, yang stagnation on the surface is more severe and leads to heat symptoms. The disease of yin poisoning is characterized by deficient yang qi in the body, an inability to resist pathogen, and the deepening of evil qi. The yang qi is suppressed by depression and is relatively mild, making it unable to circulate and warm the body, resulting in cold symptoms. Therefore, when treating yang poisoning, ZHANG Zhongjing used medicinals that were pungent, warm and dispersed to relieve the yang depression on the surface. If the yang depression was dispersed, the heat would naturally dissipate. When treating yin poisoning, only internal medicine is used to relieve internal yang qi stagnation, and when yang qi is extended, cold will naturally disappear. In summary, we aimed to enhance our understanding of the efficacy of Shengma Biejia Decoction from the perspectives of promoting the dispersion of toxins, promoting blood circulation, and promoting yang stagnation, in order to provide new ideas for the clinical use of this formula and expand its application scope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemically catalyzed production of fructose syrup from high concentrations of glucose is crucial for the food industry and biorefining. In this work, a single crystal catalyst was synthesized via protective desilication of zeolite while incorporating indium. Glucose was isomerized in methanol at concentrations as high as 33 wt % before being hydrolyzed with water. The final fructose production was 54.9 %, with 89.1 % selectivity and 93.3 % sugar recovery, the highest isomerization rate at the highest concentration ever reported. Indium was present in the single‐crystal catalyst as oxide nanoparticles and boundary framework atoms, and it achieved intelligent cooperation in the production of fructose syrup in methanol by catalyzing isomerization and selective glycosidation, minimizing degradation due to fructose accumulation and eliminating side reactions. This study contributed to the advancement of the industrial practice of chemically catalyzed glucose isomerization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemically catalyzed production of fructose syrup from high concentrations of glucose is crucial for the food industry and biorefining. In this work, a single crystal catalyst was synthesized via protective desilication of zeolite while incorporating indium. Glucose was isomerized in methanol at concentrations as high as 33 wt % before being hydrolyzed with water. The final fructose production was 54.9 %, with 89.1 % selectivity and 93.3 % sugar recovery, the highest isomerization rate at the highest concentration ever reported. Indium was present in the single‐crystal catalyst as oxide nanoparticles and boundary framework atoms, and it achieved intelligent cooperation in the production of fructose syrup in methanol by catalyzing isomerization and selective glycosidation, minimizing degradation due to fructose accumulation and eliminating side reactions. This study contributed to the advancement of the industrial practice of chemically catalyzed glucose isomerization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Cytologic evaluation of the upper urinary tract (UUT) can be challenging due to instrumentation artefacts. This study retrospectively reviewed UUT specimens using The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytopathology, second edition (TPS 2.0), compared it with the original reporting system (ORS) and correlated it with histopathologic follow‐up. Methods: An institutional database was reviewed for the UUT biopsy/resection histopathologic specimens, and we included 52 UUT cytology specimens pertinent to these cases in the study. These specimens were blindly reviewed and reclassified using TPS 2.0. The correlation between TPS 2.0, ORS and histopathologic follow‐up was assessed. Results: The UUT cytology specimens corresponded to 21 (40.4%) high‐grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC), 27 (51.9%) low‐grade urothelial carcinoma (LGUC) and 4 (7.7%) benign cases on follow‐up. For HGGC cases, the associated TPS categories included unsatisfactory (n = 1, 4.8%), negative for HGUC (NHGUC; n = 3, 14.3%), atypical urothelial cells (AUC; n = 6, 28.6%), suspicious for HGUC (SHGUC; n = 3, 14.3%) and HGUC (n = 8, 38.1%), while ORS categorised the specimens as unsatisfactory (n = 1, 4.8%), negative for malignant cells (NFMC; n = 3, 14.3%), AUC (n = 5, 23.8%), low‐grade urothelial carcinoma (LGUC; n = 0, 0%), SHGUC (n = 5, 23.8%) and HGUC (n = 7, 33.3%). The risks of high‐grade malignancy among cytologic categories were similar between ORS and TPS (p > 0.05). The majority of LGUC were classified as AUC similarly by ORS and TPS (55.6% vs. 59.3%). Conclusions: Our study demonstrated comparable performance between TPS 2.0 and ORS for UUT cytology specimens. Cytological diagnosis of UUT specimens remains challenging, especially for LGUC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Locating high active metal species into idea support surface to form spatially integrated nanostructure is essential for the adsorption and excitation process of water molecules. In this work, we proposed a spatial confinement strategy through incorporating Au nanoparticles into metal-organic framework (MOF) to realize low humidity sensing detection. We found the porous nature of MOF-303 morphology can provide confined room to induce Au species accumulation around the high active hydrophilic pocket (composed by three μ 2 -OH groups and two N(H)). In-situ Raman results further indicate the spatially-close Au species and hydrophilic pocket sites could synergistically promote chemical adsorption of water molecules and proton transfer processes. The as-fabricated Au@MOF-303 humidity sensor exhibits ultra-high response at low humidity condition (4345 Hz to 3.39 % RH), low humidity hysteresis (0.18 % RH), excellent repeatability and selectivity. Furthermore, the Au@MOF-303 sensor enables real-time monitoring of breathing signals attached to the surgical mask and the proximity of the fingertips. [Display omitted] • Metal-organic framework confined Au catalysts were prepared. • The sensors exhibit high response at low humidity condition (4345 Hz to 3.39 % RH). • Au species and hydrophilic pocket synergistically improve the adsorption of water molecules. • The sensors can monitor human respiration and finger humidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of dwindling freshwater resources, it is imperative to comprehensively evaluate crop productivity and soil resource sustainability when considering the use of saline water for irrigation (SWI). This study aimed to investigate the effects of SWI on soil salinity variation and sustainability of flat sowing cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) through a comprehensive 15-year field experiment conducted in the North China Plain, encompassing six levels of irrigation water salinity (EC iw of 1.3, 3.4, 7.1, 10.6, 14.1, and 17.7 dS m−1, respectively). The results of the 15-year SWI revealed an increase in soil salinity within the cotton root zone, with increases of 5%, 20%, 39%, 67%, 116%, and 156%, respectively, observed across the six treatments. In treatments with higher EC iw values (14.1 and 17.7 dS m−1), salt accumulation extended to a depth of 3.0 m. Long - term SWI has a risk of causing soil sodicity and alkalinity. Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and pH in the treatments with EC iw ≥ 7.1 dS m−1 increased significantly (P < 0.05) after cotton harvest in the 15th year of continuous SWI. Cotton yield performance exhibited a distinct response to varying levels of EC iw. The treatment with an EC iw of 3.4 dS m−1 yielded the highest average cotton yield of 3419 kg ha−1, while cotton yields in treatments with an EC iw of 14.1 and 17.7 dS m−1 were more than 13% and 20%, respectively, lower than the maximum yield (P < 0.05). The sustainability index of cotton yield was at its lowest (0.68) in the treatments with an EC iw of 7.1 dS m−1, with values between 0.72 and 0.75 in the other treatments. Additionally, long-term SWI resulted in changes in cotton quality, including a decrease in micronaire value and an increase in elongation index. A quadratic correlation analysis identified a threshold EC iw of 6.8 dS m−1 for optimum cotton yield. In summary, it is recommended that the EC iw should not exceed 6.8 dS m−1 to ensure the sustainability and safety of long-term SWI for cotton production in this research region. [Display omitted] • The impact of EC iw on soil salt and cotton yield was evaluated in a 15-year experiment. • Salt accumulated in 0-1.0 m depth was positively related to EC iw. • Irrigation with high EC iw (14.1 and 17.7 dS m−1) resulted in salt accumulation to a depth of 3.0 m. • The sustainability index of yield varied from 0.68 to 0.75 under the six treatments. • A threshold EC iw of 6.8 dS m−1 was determined to be the safe limit for irrigation with saline water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as a significant endeavour in recent years to utilize artificial intelligence technology for solving various partial differential equations (PDEs). Nevertheless, the vanilla PINN model structure encounters challenges in accurately approximating solutions at hard-to-fit regions with, for instance, "stiffness" points characterized by fast-paced alterations in timescale. To this end, we introduce a novel model architecture based on PINN, named loss-attentional physics-informed neural networks (LA-PINN), which equips each loss component with an independent loss-attentional network (LAN). Feeding the squared errors (SE) on every training point into LAN as the input, the attentional function is then built by each LAN and provides different weights to diverse point SE s. A point error-based weighting approach that utilizes the adversarial training between multiple networks in the LA-PINN model is proposed to dynamically update weights of SE during every training epoch. Additionally, the weighting mechanism of LA-PINN is analysed and also be validated by performing several numerical experiments. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method displays superior predictive performance compared to the vanilla PINN and holds a swift convergence characteristic. Moreover, it can advance the convergence of those hard-to-fit points by progressively increasing the growth rates of both the weight and the update gradient for point error. • A novel PINN architecture that pays attention to all point errors and dynamically weights them during training. • A framework that leverages multi-network collaboration through adversarial training to facilitate the convergence of the model. • The proposed method has fast convergence characteristics with high accuracy in solving several benchmark PDEs. • Enhance the convergence in the "stiffness" region, a consistent challenge when solving PDEs using PINNs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Tourmaline in muscovite is of schorl type and tourmaline in barren and ore-bearing pegmatite are of oxy-schorl and fluor-elbaite. • Local fluid/melt composition may have influenced the tourmaline trace element compositions. • Fluid exsolution occurred in ore-bearing pegmatite with high Li contents. • B-isotope variation among tourmaline types linked to melt-fluid-tourmaline fractionation. The Bailongshan in the West Kunlun Orogen (northern Tibet) is a newly-discovered super-large rare-metal (Li-Rb(-Be-Ta-Nb)) pegmatite deposit. Tourmaline occurs widely in muscovite granites and pegmatites at Bailongshan, but comprehensive study is yet to be done on the geochemical evolution of tourmaline from the magmatic to the hydrothermal stages. Here, we present a systematic study of in-situ major, trace elemental and boron isotopic variations of tourmaline from Bailongshan deposit, and discuss the tourmaline genesis and how boron isotopes change during the magmatic to hydrothermal stage. Three types of tourmaline have been identified at Bailongshan deposit, including disseminated tourmaline in the muscovite granite, medium-coarse-grained euhedral tourmaline in the barren pegmatite, and multicolored medium-coarse-grained tourmaline in the ore-bearing pegmatite. EPMA and LA-ICP-MS geochemical analyses reveal that the tourmaline samples belong mainly to alkali group, with the tourmalines from the muscovite granite and the barren pegmatite falling into the schorl solid-solution series and the ore-bearing pegmatite falling into elbaite. There is a major chemical change from Fe-rich compositions with moderate Al in the Y-sites (muscovite granite and barren pegmatite) to Li-rich compositions with high YAl and relatively high F (ore-bearing pegmatite). Most trace element contents vary over several orders of magnitude with median concentrations of 0.1–10 μg/g. High concentrations are found for Ga, Zn, Be, Sc, Sn and Li (several tens to thousands of μg/g), whereas low concentrations (<0.1 μg/g) are found for V, Rb, U, Th, W, and Hf. The tourmalines from muscovite granite and barren pegmatite yielded δ11B = -8.9 to −7.5 ‰ and −8.7 to −6.0 ‰, respectively, whilst the tourmaline in the ore-bearing pegmatite show a wider δ11B range (-8.8 to −5.2 ‰). The B isotopic values indicate a source of the continental crust in a post-collisional setting. The estimated δ11B value of parental granitic magma is −10.0 ‰. The overlap in δ11B values between muscovite granite and barren pegmatite indicates a little isotopic fractionation between tourmaline and melt. Rayleigh fractionation results in the observed δ11B decrease from zone I (-6.9 ‰) to zone V (-8.0 ‰). After the barren-pegmatite-hosted tourmaline formation, the δ11B value of boron-rich magma would have been about −11.5 ‰. The intragrain δ11B variation of tourmaline in the ore-bearing pegmatite is 2.7 ‰, much larger than that from the other zones, indicating the rim of the tourmaline crystallized from fluid exsolved. We calculated the boron-isotope fractionation (between fluid and melt) to be 4.2–5.7 ‰ at 600–450 °C. Chemical variations in tourmaline are continuous in the muscovite granite and barren pegmatite, consistent with fractional crystallization, whereas the tourmaline from the ore-bearing pegmatite may have formed during the magmatic-hydrothermal transition. The boron isotopic variations could be attributed to fractionation between melt-tourmaline, melt-fluid and tourmaline-fluid and Rayleigh fractionation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current groundwater models face significant challenges in their implementation due to heavy computational burdens. To overcome this, our work proposes a cost-effective emulator that efficiently and accurately forecasts the impact of abstraction in an aquifer. Our approach uses a deep neural operator (DeepONet) framework to learn operators that map between infinite-dimensional function spaces via deep neural networks. The goal is to infer the distribution of hydraulic heads in a confined aquifer in the presence of a pumping well. We successfully tested the DeepONet framework on multiple problems, including forward time-dependent problems, an inverse analysis, and a nonlinear system. Additionally, we propose a novel extension of the DeepONet-based architecture to generate accurate predictions for varied hydraulic conductivity fields and pumping well locations that are unseen during training. Our emulator's predictions match the target data with excellent performance, demonstrating that the proposed model can act as an efficient and fast tool to support a range of tasks that require repetitive forward numerical simulations or inverse simulations of groundwater flow problems. Overall, our work provides a promising avenue for developing cost-effective and accurate groundwater models. • We propose, for the first time, a neural operator (DeepONet) as a surrogate model to efficiently and accurately emulate the impact of abstraction in the distribution of hydraulic heads in confined, heterogeneous aquifers. • The proposed method can efficiently learn solutions of both the forward and inverse operator. • By proposing a modification to the original formulation of DeepONet, we have achieved precise predictions for varied groundwater head distributions, accommodating the random positioning of wells in the heterogeneous aquifer. • Our experiments demonstrate DeepONet's capability in tackling tasks demanding repetitive forward numerical simulations, even in time-dependent and nonlinear setups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Change in the physicochemical and gelling properties of MP upon LF-MFT was studied. • LF-MFT held a superior gel quality by inhibiting oxidation and denaturation than AT. • Particularly, LF-MFT-4 could inhibit the oxidation and denaturation of MP. • LF-MFT-4 helped in holding water by protecting the structure and gelling properties. The impact of low-frequency alternating magnetic field thawing (LF-MFT) on the physicochemical and gelling properties of porcine myofibrillar proteins (MP) was studied. Results showed that compared to atmosphere thawing (AT), LF-MFT helped in inhibiting the oxidation and denaturation of protein during thawing, thereby maintaining a superior MP gel (P < 0.05). In particular, LF-MFT-4 (LF-MFT at 4 mT) could decrease the oxidation of MP, which might be due to having a higher content of total sulfhydryl and less carbonyl of MP than other thawing treatments. The denaturation of MP was reduced since LF-MFT-4 led to less aggregation and degradation than AT. The gelling properties were also retained, and a compact and homogeneous network structure was formed after LF-MFT-4, resulting in excellent water retention. These findings suggested that LF-MFT-4 improved the gelling properties of MP by inhibiting its oxidation and denaturation, demonstrating a potential application of LF-MFT in meat thawing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of electrocatalyst possessing superior oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity is highly desirable due to the low sluggish kinetics at the cathode of fuel cell. Here, CoFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles embedded in N-doped carbon nanotubes electrocatalyst (denoted as CoFe 2 O 4 -NC) is synthesized via polymerization of pyrrole, absorbing metal ion and annealing under Ar/NH 3 atmosphere. By in situ integrating the catalytically active CoFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles with the N-doped carbon nanotubes and enhancing electrical conductivity, the as-obtained electrocatalyst exhibits excellent ORR activity and long-term stability with a half-wave potential of 0.86 V and 10 h continuous cycling, outperforming the reported similar catalysts. This work opens a new path for the expansion of low cost and efficient ORR electrocatalysts to substitute Pt-based metals for energy storage and conversion devices. [Display omitted] • In situ synthesis of CoFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles embedded in N-doped carbon nanotubes. • CoFe 2 O 4 -NC exhibits excellent ORR activity with a half-wave potential of 0.86 V and long-term stability. • The immobilization of particles on carbon tube prevents the CoFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles from dissolving or aggregating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel base‐catalyzed intramolecular self‐cyclization reaction of o‐alkenylaryl isocyanides has been successfully developed. This reaction provides a general, efficient and atom‐economic method to access 4‐cyano‐3‐arylquinolines with broad scope of substrates and excellent functional group compatibilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes a numerical investigation of the groove-embedded droplet dewetting process, namely the spontaneous transition from the Wenzel state to the Cassie state, using the multiphase lattice Boltzmann method. Numerical simulations are employed to reproduce the dynamic behaviors of extension, squeezing, rupture, and ejection of condensation droplets in a groove, allowing us to examine how the groove geometry and wettability affect the dewetting process. Our results identify three dewetting regimes, namely retention, partial dewetting, and complete dewetting. As the groove aspect ratio and hydrophilicity decrease, the dewetting regime changes from retention to partial dewetting, and then to complete dewetting. The partial dewetting and complete dewetting are two effective ways for droplet removing. In particular, a groove sidewall with enhanced hydrophobicity is desirable to stimulate the dewetting process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]