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An important dietary source of physiologically active compounds, coffee also contains phenolic acids, diterpenes, and caffeine. According to a certain study, some coffee secondary metabolites may advantageously modify a number of anti-cancer defense systems. This research looked at a few coffee chemical structures in terms of edge locating numbers or edge metric size to better understand the mechanics of coffee molecules. Additionally, this research includes graph theoretical properties of coffee chemical structures. The chemicals found in coffee, such as caffeine, diterpene or cafestol, kahweol, chlorogenic, caffeic, gallotannins, and ellagitannins, are especially examined in these publications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) has significantly hampered chili (Capsicum spp.) production, presenting a formidable challenge in Pakistan. During a chili field survey in 2018, distinct symptoms, including stunted growth, yellowing, and severe leaf curling, were observed on several plants. Subsequently, a comprehensive sampling effort was undertaken, collecting a total of 39 symptomatic samples from diverse locations across Multan, Punjab. The DNA extraction from these samples was conducted at the plant virology laboratory at Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, marking a crucial step in the investigation of this debilitating disease and its impact on chili production in the region. Molecular analysis with PCR using Av/Ac Core, Beta 01/02, and CLCuMuBF11/R33 primers confirmed begomovirus infection in chili plants. Positive amplification demonstrated a 71.79% infection rate, with 579 bp, 1.4 kb, and 481 bp amplicons for Av/Ac Core, Beta 01/02, and CLCuMuBF11/R33, respectively. Sequencing identified cotton leaf curl Multan beta-satellite (MT668934) infecting the chili plant. Effectively managing these begomoviruses is crucial to curbing their multiplication and protecting vital crops like chili. Addressing the distributions of beta-satellites in agricultural fields, particularly chili, is imperative to prevent further viral spread. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Exogenous use of potential organic compounds through different modes is a promising strategy for the induction of water stress tolerance in crop plants for better yield. Aims: The present study aimed to explore the potential role of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) in inducing water stress tolerance in mungbean lines when applied exogenously through various modes. Methods: The experiment was conducted in a field with a split-plot arrangement, having three replicates for each treatment. Two irrigation regimes, including normal and reduced irrigation, were applied. The plants allocated to reduced irrigation were watered only at the reproductive stage. Three levels of ALA (0, 0.1, 0.15 mM) were applied through different modes (seed priming, foliar or priming+foliar). Key results: ALA treatment through different modes manifested higher growth under reduced irrigation (water stress) and normal irrigation. Compared to the other two modes, the application of ALA as seed priming was found more effective in ameliorating the adverse impacts of water stress on growth and yield associated with their better content of leaf photosynthetic pigments, maintenance of plant water relations, levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants, improved activities of enzymatic antioxidants, and decreased lipid peroxidation and H2O2 levels. The maximum increase in shoot fresh weight (29% and 28%), shoot dry weight (27% and 24%), 100- grain weight (24% and 23%) and total grain yield (20% and 21%) in water-stressed mungbean plants of line 16003 and 16004, respectively, was recorded due to ALA seed priming than other modes of applications. Conclusions: Conclusively, 0.1 and 0.15 mM levels of ALA as seed priming were found to reduce the adverse impact of water stress on mungbean yield that was associated with improved physio-biochemical mechanisms. Implications: The findings of the study will be helpful for the agriculturalists working in arid and semi-arid regions to obtain a better yield of mungbean that will be helpful to fulfill the food demand in those areas to some extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G = (V, E) be a simple, connected graph with vertex set V(G) and E(G) edge set of G. For two vertices a and b in a graph G, the distance d(a, b) from a to b is the length of shortest path a-b path in G. A k-ordered partition of vertices of G is represented as Rp = {Rp1, Rp2,. . ., Rpk} and the representation r(a|Rp) of a vertex a with respect to Rp is the vector (d(a|Rp1), d(a|Rp2), . . ., d(a|Rpk)). The partition is called a resolving partition of G if r(a|Rp) ≠ r(b|Rp) for all distinct a, b ∈ V(G). The partition dimension of a graph, denoted by pd(G), is the cardinality of a minimum resolving partition of G. Computing precise and constant values for the partition dimension poses a interesting problem; therefore, it is possible to compute an upper bound for the partition dimension within a general family of graphs. In this paper, we studied partition dimension of the some families of convex polytopes, specifically Tn, Un, Vn, and An, and proved that these graphs have constant partition dimension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an emerging novelty, knowledge hiding has received considerable attention in management literature. Extending this research stream, we draw from conservation of resources (COR) theory and social information processing (SIP) theory to investigate the mediating role of emotional exhaustion between employees' exposure to knowledge hiding and their job performance. Moreover, we examine the buffering role of emotional intelligence, investigating whether employees with higher emotional intelligence can mitigate the harmful effects of resource-depleting episodes of knowledge hiding. The study employed paper-and-pencil surveys to collect multi-source, time-lagged data from 319 employees and their respective supervisors in various service sector organisations. The findings indicate that persistent exposure to knowledge hiding diminishes employees' job performance through emotional exhaustion. However, this negative relationship is less salient for employees with higher levels of emotional intelligence. This study informs important insights for organisations on why and when employees' experiences of knowledge hiding curtail their performance-enhancing efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aims to explore various factors that affect students' satisfaction regarding postgraduate agricultural programs and the likelihood of recommending such programs to others. Methods: Data were collected using structured paper-based questionnaires from a random sample of 127 students who were undertaking master and doctoral programs in eight different disciplines within agricultural sciences at King Saud University. Results: The findings showed that majority of the students expressed high academic learning experiences and were satisfied with their program of study. Multiple regression analysis revealed that students' academic learning experience, faculty support, and the rationale for attending the university had significant positive influence on their satisfaction with the enrolled programs. Moreover, the students' satisfaction and faculty support also showed significant positive correlation with their likelihood to recommend agricultural programs to others. Suggestions: In order to further enhance the impact of agricultural programs, we suggest improvements in the university curriculum as well as faculty services to make current agricultural programs up-to-date and relevant to meet the kingdom's national agricultural and human resource development goals. There should be a particular focus on enhancing students' research and written communication skills as postgraduate agricultural programs entail a significant component of these highly essential skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A big amount of vanadium is used in the industry. It is used as a vanadium carbide stabiliser in steel production. Only $ 0.5\% $ 0.5 % vanadium in an iron alloy will double the tensile strength. Vanadium salts are used in leather, ink, dye manufacturing and yellow ceramic glaze. On the other hand, vanadium pentoxide is used as a catalyst, in the chemical industry, for the production of sulphuric acid and in the petroleum refinery industry. Resolvability parameter is the most discussed topic in graph theory. This helps to reorganise a network in a unique way, sometimes in terms of atoms (metric dimension) and sometimes bound (edge metric dimension). We studied resolvability parameters of vanadium carbide network in this article i.e. metric, edge metric and partition dimension. Among these metrics resolvability defined by parameters taking a subset from the set of vertices, if it has a unique representation with all the vertices, then it is called a resolving set. The number of elements in the smallest resolving set is called the metric dimension. While the number of elements of the minimal subset of vertices taking from vertex set is called the edge metric dimension, if the representations are unique of all edges and the set is called the edge resolving set. This study can have an effect in many ways in the research, particularly, with the help of some key points such as network structure analysis, material science via material properties, graph theory applications, predictive modelling, material testing and characterisation, as well as in industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study aimed to evaluate the presence of chemical variations in essential oils (EOs) extracted from Artemisia scoparia growing at different altitudes and to reveal their antibacterial, mosquito larvicidal, and repellent activity. The gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric analysis of A. scoparia EOs revealed that the major compounds were capillene (9.6–31.8%), methyleugenol (0.2–26.6%), β-myrcene (1.9–21.4%), γ-terpinene (1.5–19.4%), trans-β-caryophyllene (0.8–12.4%), and eugenol (0.1–9.1%). The EO of A. scoparia collected from the city of Attock at low elevation was the most active against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria (minimum inhibitory concentration of 156–1250 µg/mL) and showed the best mosquito larvicidal activity (LC50, 55.3 mg/L). The EOs of A. scoparia collected from the high-altitude areas of Abbottabad and Swat were the most repellent for females of Ae. aegypti and exhibited repellency for 120 min and 165 min, respectively. The results of the study reveal that different climatic conditions and altitudes have significant effects on the chemical compositions and the biological activity of essential oils extracted from the same species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complex networks are difficult to understand and deal with, yet building a graph of any complex and huge structure, whether chemical or computer-related, is quite straightforward. In the form of a graph theory view, it becomes simple to design networks. Each component's recognition is aided by the ease of its production in the form of graph theory. Finding a vertex (node or atom) in a structure is similarly difficult; in this instance, resolvability parameters come into play. This technique plays a significant role in managing or allowing access to each vertex in relation to some chosen vertices called a resolving set that shapes an entire cluster of vertices into a unique form and every single vertex is easy to recognise or locate, whether the small or large the structure. This article contributes the bounds on the parameter of partition dimension of chemical complexes in dialkyltin of supramolecular chain from N-Salicylidene-L-Valine. We supposed the complexes of chains from 2,3,4 and another chemical network, and we demonstrated that the number of vertices has a significant impact on the composition of resolving partition sets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The quality of a pull request is the primary factor integrators consider for its acceptance or rejection. Code smells indicate sub‐optimal design or implementation choices in the source code that often lead to a fault‐prone outcome, threatening the quality of pull requests. This study explores code smells in 21k pull requests from 25 popular Java projects. We find that both accepted (37%) and rejected (44%) pull requests have code smells, affected mainly by god classes and long methods. Besides, we observe that smelly pull requests are more complex and challenging to understand as they have significantly large sizes, long latency times, more discussion and review comments, and are submitted by contributors with less experience. Our results show that features used in previous studies for pull request acceptance prediction could be potentially employed to predict smell in incoming pull requests. We propose a dynamic approach to predict the presence of such code smells in the newly added pull requests. We evaluate our approach on a dataset of 25 Java projects extracted from GitHub. We further conduct a benchmark study to compare the performance of eight machine learning classifiers. Results of the benchmark study show that XGBoost is the best‐performing classifier for smell prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G be a graph and R = {r1, r2, ..., rk} be an ordered subset of vertices of G, if every two vertices of G have different representation r (v|R) = (d (v, r1) , d (v, r2) , ..., d (v, rk)) with respect to R, then R is said to be a metric-based resolving parameter or resolving set of G and its minimum cardinality is called the metric dimension of graph G. Metric dimension is considered as an important applied concept of graph theory especially in the localization of a network and also in the chemical graph theoretical study of molecular compounds. Therefore, it is hot topic to study for different families of graphs as well. Convex polytopes play an important role both in various branches of mathematics and in applied areas, most notably in linear programming. In this paper, we determine the metric-based resolving parameter of line graph of a convex polytope Sn, and conclude that it has constant metric dimension but vary with the parity of n. This article presents a measurement of the line graph of a convex polytope, denoted as ( S n). The subsequent section provides the metric dimension of the resulting graph. There are two scenarios pertaining to the metric dimension of a selected graph with respect to the metric dimension. The metric dimension of even cycle-based convex polytopes is three, whereas for other values, the metric dimension is four. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of the characteristics and topologies of networks, including social, computer and biological networks, is known as graph theory. Numerous disciplines, such as epidemiology, which is the study of the transmission and management of infectious diseases like Covid-19, can benefit from the study of graph theory. Like, the first case of COVID-19 (Coronavirus) was reported in November of 2019; by the third week of April, 1,116,643 verified positive cases had been reported, with around 59,158 fatalities. All the meditational structures are symmetric, if we label to change the labels of graphs in either way the graph becomes symmetric and will be no change to it. So, there are many graph theoretical parameters to study the symmetric meditational structures, like metric and edge metric dimension. A notion known as edge metric dimension or edge metric basis states that with a chosen subset from the vertex set, known as the edge resolving set, the whole edge set of a structure uniquely recognised. This idea of vertices resolvability allows for the distinct identification of COVID antiviral medication structures and aids in the research of the structure's structural characteristics. The chosen resolving set and the computed edge metric dimension will be invariant due to the symmetry of the graphs. Arbidol, malaria, carboxylic, thalidomide and theaflavin are the names of these compounds which are discussed in this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to develop a finite element model for accurately predicting the behavior of RC beams retrofitted and strengthened with CFRP strips. Two types of CFRP layout are modelled, CFRP wraps at the bottom without any anchorage, and CFRP strips with CFRP wrap as anchorage. The developed numerical models are validated by experimentally testing RC beam models for four-point bending. The concrete damage plasticity model is used for introducing non-linearity in concrete. The non-linear tensile and compressive parameters are taken from the ABAQUS manual specifications. The interface between the CFRP and RC beam surface was replicated using a perfect bond between the two. The results show that the developed numerical model accurately predicts the strength of retrofitted and strengthened beams. Though numerical models show higher initial stiffnesses and cracking load, especially in the case of a retrofitted specimen, where the initial stiffness is as high as 75%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the regulation of a plant's response to a variety of pathogens. However, the regulatory networks of miRNAs and their targets in pepper's response to P. capsici are largely unknown. Herein, integrative miRNA-seq and mRNA-seq analysis were performed to identify miRNAs and their target genes in pepper during P. capsici infection, and the results provide a valuable resource for better understanding the regulatory mechanisms between miRNAs and their targets in pepper's defense against P. capsici. Phytophthora blight of pepper is a notorious disease caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora capsici, which poses a great threat to global pepper production. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of non-coding small RNAs that regulate gene expressions by altering the translation efficiency or stability of targeted mRNAs, which play important roles in the regulation of a plant's response to pathogens. Herein, time-series mRNA-seq libraries and small RNA-seq libraries were constructed using pepper roots from the resistant line CM334 and the susceptible line EC01 inoculated with P. capsici at 0, 6, 24, and 48 h post-inoculation, respectively. For mRNA-seq analysis, a total of 2159 and 2971 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in CM334 and EC01, respectively. For miRNA-seq analysis, 491 pepper miRNAs were identified, including 330 known miRNAs and 161 novel miRNAs. Among them, 69 and 88 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were identified in CM334 and EC01, respectively. Examination of DEMs and their targets revealed 22 regulatory networks, predominantly featuring up-regulated miRNAs corresponding to down-regulated target genes. Notably, these DEM-DEG regulatory networks exhibited significant overlap between CM334 and EC01, suggesting that they might contribute to pepper's basal defense against P. capsici. Furthermore, five selected DEMs (miR166, miR1171, miR395, miR530 and miRN2) and their target genes underwent qRT-PCR validation, confirming a consistent negative correlation in the expression patterns of miRNAs and their targets. This comprehensive analysis provides novel insights into the regulatory networks of miRNAs and their targets, offering valuable contributions to our understanding of pepper's defense mechanisms against P. capsici. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The localisation of a network is the process of gaining access to a node's precise location or position. Using this technology, it is possible to determine the exact position of each network node in terms of a select few nodes within a subset. The locating set of a network is this subset, and the locating number of a network is its lowest cardinality. While the edge locating number is the same concept but on the bonds instead of nodes. In this work, we discussed some resolvability parameters such as locating number, edge locating number, fault-tolerant locating number and partition locating number of honeycomb rectangular torus. The honeycomb rectangular torus is very effective and innovative structure in chemical graph theory. This type of structure is being used in image processing, cellular phone base stations, computer graphics and more in mathematical chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To test the efficacy of the Karydakis procedure in overweight and obese patients and to check the recurrence rates in our patients. Study Design: Multicenter Prospective study. Setting: Sughra Shafi Medical Complex Narowal. Period: May 2011 to July 2021. Material & Methods: Total 146 patients were selected for this study a formal informed consent was taken. Ten patients were lost from follow up and excluded from study. Results: Out of remaining 136 patient 130 were male and only 6 were female. Mean age of the patient was 23 year and 5 months (range 16 years to 49 years). Thirty five patients had a single sinus in the midline, Seventy two had multiple sinuses in the midline, and 38 patients had lateral tract either on the right or on the left side in addition midline sinuses. Mean operating time was 39 minutes (range 23 - 70 minutes), mean blood loss was 26 ml (10 - 70ml) and mean hospital stay was 3 days (range 2-7 days). There were a total of 21 (15 .05 %) complications. Seven(4.29) patients developed major wound infection requiring opening of the sutures and regular dressing till the wound became healthy to be closed by secondary suturing. Seven patients developed minor wound infection, 6 patients developed seroma and 3 patients had leakage of serous fluid from drain site for a couple of days. There were only 5 (3.67%) recurrences in mean follow up period of 23 months (range 11 months to 4 years). Two (1.47%) recurrence were observed in patient with BMI of below 35 and 3 recurrences (2.20%) were observed in patient with BMI of >35. All of them occurred in obese patient who could not maintain their personal hygiene according to advice given to them. Majority of the patient were satisfied with the procedure. Conclusion: We concluded that Karydakis operation has good outcome in overweight and obese patients. It addresses the etiological factors of the disease, is less time consuming as compared to other flap operation, is not associated with wound scar in the midline, can be easily performed by surgeons in training, is associated with minimum complications, has minimum recurrence rate on short and long term follow up, avoid the painful prolong dressing regimen and well accepted by the patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Power Function distribution is one of the most suitable distributions for failure times modeling, especially of electric components and devices. The article proposes some new modified estimators for parameter estimation of the Power Function distribution. The proposed modified estimators are based on the mean and geometric mean of the distribution. The performance of these estimators is compared with existing traditional and modified estimators by means of Monte Carlo simulation and two real‐life examples. Total mean square error, total relative deviation, root mean square error and mean absolute error are used as performance criteria. The performance of the estimators is also compared on two real‐life data sets repressing the device failures times. From both, Monte Carlo simulation and real‐life applications, the results indicated that the proposed modified estimators perform better than the competing estimators and hence their use is recommended for parameter estimation of the Power Function probability model. The findings will help to get more precise parameter estimates for the distribution which is very much applied in different fields particularly in modelling failure times of electronic devices and components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]