1,679 results on '"*ARBORICULTURE"'
Search Results
2. Advancing arboriculture through human and tree ecology.
- Author
-
Frediani, Kevin
- Subjects
ARBORICULTURE ,FORESTS & forestry ,TREE planting ,CLIMATE change ,ENVIRONMENTAL protection - Abstract
This paper explores the significance of ecosystem functions in maintaining the health and balance of ecological systems, particularly in the context of planning, managing, and maintaining trees in landscape settings. It emphasises the multifaceted relationship between humans and trees, encompassing cultural, ecological, economic, and emotional connections, and underscores the value of traditional ecological knowledge alongside empirical science. By combining these two ways of knowing, along with social science insights into human health and well-being, future landscapes can be crafted to be sustainable, diverse, and functional. As urbanisation continues to shape landscapes globally, urban planners face the challenge of managing rapidly changing environments. Urban forestry and arboriculture have emerged to address these challenges, aiming to enhance environmental quality and human well-being. The concept of Nature-based Solutions (NbS) has gained traction, recognising the importance of integrating natural systems into urban planning to address environmental challenges while preserving functional ecosystems. This paper advocates for an enhanced understanding of tree and human ecology to navigate the complex relations between trees, people, and their environments. It calls for interdisciplinary collaboration, research, and education to inform policy, assess environmental impacts, and widen approaches to ecosystem management. By monitoring ecosystem health and collaborating across disciplines, arboriculturists and urban foresters can shape resilient practices for tree conservation and sustainable urban development. In conclusion, integrating tree ecology into urban planning and management practices is essential for ensuring the health, resilience, and sustainability of tree populations and the ecosystems they inhabit. By embracing a holistic understanding of trees and their environments, professionals can contribute to shaping future landscapes that support both human well-being and biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Deep Learning Approaches for Water Stress Forecasting in Arboriculture Using Time Series of Remote Sensing Images: Comparative Study between ConvLSTM and CNN-LSTM Models.
- Author
-
Bounoua, Ismail, Saidi, Youssef, Yaagoubi, Reda, and Bouziani, Mourad
- Subjects
DEEP learning ,REMOTE sensing ,TIME series analysis ,ARBORICULTURE ,REMOTE-sensing images ,WATER demand management - Abstract
Irrigation is crucial for crop cultivation and productivity. However, traditional methods often waste water and energy due to neglecting soil and crop variations, leading to inefficient water distribution and potential crop water stress. The crop water stress index (CWSI) has become a widely accepted index for assessing plant water status. However, it is necessary to forecast the plant water stress to estimate the quantity of water to irrigate. Deep learning (DL) models for water stress forecasting have gained prominence in irrigation management to address these needs. In this paper, we present a comparative study between two deep learning models, ConvLSTM and CNN-LSTM, for water stress forecasting using remote sensing data. While these DL architectures have been previously proposed and studied in various applications, our novelty lies in studying their effectiveness in the field of water stress forecasting using time series of remote sensing images. The proposed methodology involves meticulous preparation of time series data, where we calculate the crop water stress index (CWSI) using Landsat 8 satellite imagery through Google Earth Engine. Subsequently, we implemented and fine-tuned the hyperparameters of the ConvLSTM and CNN-LSTM models. The same processes of model compilation, optimization of hyperparameters, and model training were applied for the two architectures. A citrus farm in Morocco was chosen as a case study. The analysis of the results reveals that the CNN-LSTM model excels over the ConvLSTM model for long sequences (nine images) with an RMSE of 0.119 and 0.123, respectively, while ConvLSTM provides better results for short sequences (three images) than CNN-LSTM with an RMSE of 0.153 and 0.187, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Soqia-Advice: A Web-GIS Advisory Platform for Efficient Irrigation in Arboriculture.
- Author
-
Ezzahri, Abdelkhalek, Boujdi, Soukaina, Bouziani, Mourad, Yaagoubi, Reda, and Kenny, Lahcen
- Subjects
WATER requirements for crops ,IRRIGATION ,ARBORICULTURE ,IRRIGATION scheduling ,WATER management ,SOIL structure - Abstract
The determination of water requirements for crops holds a crucial role in optimizing irrigation and enhancing agricultural productivity. However, identifying these needs remains a significant challenge due to the variety of factors influencing this decision, such as meteorological conditions, soil structure, and the phenological stages of each crop. In this study, we propose the design and development of a dedicated web-based irrigation advisory platform for arboriculture named 'Soqia-Advice'. This platform will provide services to farmers, advisors, and decision-makers. The proposed methodology is based on four main steps: (1) need assessments; (2) definition of functionalities to fulfill these needs; (3) design of the overall architecture and the conceptual data model; and (4) implementation of key features of the module dedicated to farmers. The prototype of the "Farmer" module was tested on a farm in Azrou city, Morocco, as a case study. Seven-day weather forecasts were seamlessly integrated using the Weatherbit API. Additionally, the irrigation schedule was accurately displayed, ensuring efficient water management. Functionality tests were conducted on each menu to ensure the seamless and reliable operation of all planned features. The results were rigorously assessed to ensure that each feature aligned with the identified needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Impact of Root Cutting on Acer platanoides and Tilia cordata Tree Stability in Urban Parks: A Case Study in Quebec City, Canada.
- Author
-
Pallafray, Clément, Sivarajah, Sivajanani, and Ruel, Jean-Claude
- Subjects
URBAN trees ,LINDENS ,MAPLE ,SAFETY factor in engineering ,TREE protection - Abstract
Trees growing in urban environments are often impacted by maintenance or construction work involving the cutting of roots. Tree protection zones have been proposed to avoid critical damage to the tree. However, despite incorporating quantitative information, they heavily rely on expert judgement that remains to be validated. In a study conducted across six parks in Quebec City, Canada, two commonly found tree species, Acer platanoides L. and Tilia cordata Mill., presumed to be different in terms of vulnerability to root damage, were subjected to a range of trenching treatments. The trees were between 23 and 40 cm diameter at breast height (DBH). A safety factor was calculated relating the turning moment the tree can withstand to the turning moment imposed by high winds likely to occur. The safety factor against uprooting was assessed for each tree before and after root trenching using a non-destructive pulling approach. The effects of tree species, distance to the trench, and their combined interaction were tested on tree stability. The relationship between tree stability and soil texture, tree characteristics, and the number of damaged roots were also tested. Safety factors were initially variable, ranging from 0.5 to 4.5. T. cordata safety factors were lower than those of A. platanoides and influenced by soil texture. Trenching treatments had no effect on the safety factor, even when two perpendicular trenches were dug at 1 m from the stem. No index of the amount of root damaged was significantly related to the safety factor. Root trenching treatments that encroached closer to the tree trunk than the recommended tree protection zones did not affect the stability of both species. Nevertheless, it is essential to recognize that other ecophysiological processes might still be influenced, and long-term monitoring is crucial. Both should be taken into account when determining these zones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Soqia-Advice: A Web-GIS Advisory Platform for Efficient Irrigation in Arboriculture
- Author
-
Abdelkhalek Ezzahri, Soukaina Boujdi, Mourad Bouziani, Reda Yaagoubi, and Lahcen Kenny
- Subjects
irrigation ,advisory platform ,arboriculture ,water needs ,Web-GIS ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
The determination of water requirements for crops holds a crucial role in optimizing irrigation and enhancing agricultural productivity. However, identifying these needs remains a significant challenge due to the variety of factors influencing this decision, such as meteorological conditions, soil structure, and the phenological stages of each crop. In this study, we propose the design and development of a dedicated web-based irrigation advisory platform for arboriculture named ‘Soqia-Advice’. This platform will provide services to farmers, advisors, and decision-makers. The proposed methodology is based on four main steps: (1) need assessments; (2) definition of functionalities to fulfill these needs; (3) design of the overall architecture and the conceptual data model; and (4) implementation of key features of the module dedicated to farmers. The prototype of the “Farmer” module was tested on a farm in Azrou city, Morocco, as a case study. Seven-day weather forecasts were seamlessly integrated using the Weatherbit API. Additionally, the irrigation schedule was accurately displayed, ensuring efficient water management. Functionality tests were conducted on each menu to ensure the seamless and reliable operation of all planned features. The results were rigorously assessed to ensure that each feature aligned with the identified needs.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Effects of four bolete species on ectomycorrhizae formation and development in Pinus thunbergii and Quercus acutissima
- Author
-
Qianwen Tan, Lunhe You, Chen Hao, Jianrui Wang, and Yu Liu
- Subjects
Plant hormones ,Arboriculture ,Symbiosis ,Forest health ,Suillus bovinus ,Suillus luteus ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 ,Evolution ,QH359-425 - Abstract
Abstract Background Bolete cultivation is economically and ecologically valuable. Ectomycorrhizae are advantageous for plant development and productivity. This study investigated how boletes affect the formation of Pinus thunbergii and Quercus acutissima ectomycorrhizae using greenhouse-based mycorrhizal experiments, inoculating P. thunbergii and Q. acutissima with four species of boletes (Suillus bovinus, Suillus luteus, Suillus grevillei, and Retiboletus sinensis). Results Three months after inoculation, morphological and molecular analyses identified S. bovinus, S. luteus, S. grevillei and R. sinensis ectomycorrhizae formation on the roots of both tree species. The mycorrhizal infection rate ranged from 40 to 55%. The host plant species determined the mycorrhiza morphology, which was independent of the bolete species. Differences in plant growth, photosynthesis, and endogenous hormone secretion primarily correlated with the host plant species. Infection with all four bolete species significantly promoted the host plants’ growth and photosynthesis rates; indole-3-acetic acid, zeatin, and gibberellic acid secretion increased, and the abscisic acid level significantly decreased. Indole-3-acetic acid was also detected in the fermentation broths of all bolete species. Conclusions Inoculation with bolete and subsequent mycorrhizae formation significantly altered the morphology and hormone content in the host seedlings, indicating growth promotion. These findings have practical implications for culturing pine and oak tree species.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Soqia: A Responsive Web Geographic Information System Solution for Dynamic Spatio-Temporal Monitoring of Soil Water Status in Arboriculture
- Author
-
Lahoucine Ennatiqi, Mourad Bouziani, Reda Yaagoubi, and Lahcen Kenny
- Subjects
reactive WEB-GIS ,crop water status ,spatio-temporal monitoring ,arboriculture ,evapotranspiration ,vegetation indices ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
The optimization of irrigation in arboriculture holds crucial importance for effectively managing water resources in arid regions. This work introduces the development and implementation of an innovative solution named ‘Soqia’, a responsive WEB-GIS web application designed for real-time monitoring of the water status in arboriculture. This solution integrates meteorological data, remote sensing data, and ground sensor-collected data for precise irrigation management at the agricultural plot level. A range of features has been considered in the development of this WEB -GIS solution, ranging from visualizing vegetation indices to accessing current weather data, thereby contributing to more efficient irrigation management. Compared to other existing applications, ‘Soqia’ provides users with the current amount of water to irrigate, as well as an estimated amount for the next 8 days. Additionally, it offers spatio-temporal tracking of vegetation indices provided as maps and graphs. The importance of the Soqia solution at the national level is justified by the scarcity of water resources due to increasingly frequent and intense drought seasons for the past years. Low rainfall is recorded in all national agricultural areas. The implemented prototype is a first step toward the development of future innovative tools aimed at improving water management in regions facing water challenges. This prototype illustrates the potential of Web-GIS-based precision irrigation systems for the rational use of water in agriculture in general and arboriculture in particular.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Holistic assessment of Brazil's bioenergetic potential.
- Author
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de Sousa, Laura Vieira Maia, Silva Lora, Electo Eduardo, de Lisboa, Fábio Cordeiro, Filho, Fernando Bruno Dovichi, and del Olmo, Oscar Almazan
- Subjects
AGRICULTURAL wastes ,SULFATE waste liquor ,SOLID waste ,ENERGY consumption ,PAPER industry ,ARBORICULTURE ,URBAN plants ,SUGARCANE - Abstract
There is an urgent need for energy sources with lower environmental impacts to dispose of waste generated by human activities. In this context, a holistic analysis of energy use of waste from agricultural and forestry activities, animal excreta, urban solid waste and sewage, waste from the pulp and paper industry and charcoal in Brazil is presented. Based on a bibliographic review, the current Brazilian panorama is presented in figures giving, a vision of national potential for harnessing bioenergy from this theoretical and technical potential. The QGIS3.24.2 Tisler geoprocessing tool was used to generate potentiality maps from census data of microregions and municipalities available in the IBGE database (2022) and in the Geocentric Reference System for the Americas (SIRGAS 2000). The results of map analysis by micro‐regions of the primary energy from agricultural residues highlight sugar cane, corn and soybeans crops, followed by wastewater and animal excreta. They stood out amont the studied sources of biomass with technical potentials of 53.17, 15.23 and 6.81 GW, respectively. With these results, it is concluded that Brazil could enable around 75 GW installed power, reusing all biomass, potentially 12.5 PJ, without considering the 16 GW already installed from sugarcane and paper black liquor plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. A Review of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Themes in Arboriculture Organizations’ Codes of Ethics.
- Author
-
Martin, Alexander J. F. and Olson, Lukas G.
- Subjects
CODES of ethics ,ETHICS ,ARBORICULTURE ,DISCRIMINATION (Sociology) ,FORESTS & forestry - Abstract
Copyright of Arboriculture & Urban Forestry is the property of International Society of Arboriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Soqia: A Responsive Web Geographic Information System Solution for Dynamic Spatio-Temporal Monitoring of Soil Water Status in Arboriculture.
- Author
-
Ennatiqi, Lahoucine, Bouziani, Mourad, Yaagoubi, Reda, and Kenny, Lahcen
- Subjects
GEOGRAPHIC information systems ,ARBORICULTURE ,SOIL moisture ,IRRIGATION management ,WATER in agriculture - Abstract
The optimization of irrigation in arboriculture holds crucial importance for effectively managing water resources in arid regions. This work introduces the development and implementation of an innovative solution named 'Soqia', a responsive WEB-GIS web application designed for real-time monitoring of the water status in arboriculture. This solution integrates meteorological data, remote sensing data, and ground sensor-collected data for precise irrigation management at the agricultural plot level. A range of features has been considered in the development of this WEB -GIS solution, ranging from visualizing vegetation indices to accessing current weather data, thereby contributing to more efficient irrigation management. Compared to other existing applications, 'Soqia' provides users with the current amount of water to irrigate, as well as an estimated amount for the next 8 days. Additionally, it offers spatio-temporal tracking of vegetation indices provided as maps and graphs. The importance of the Soqia solution at the national level is justified by the scarcity of water resources due to increasingly frequent and intense drought seasons for the past years. Low rainfall is recorded in all national agricultural areas. The implemented prototype is a first step toward the development of future innovative tools aimed at improving water management in regions facing water challenges. This prototype illustrates the potential of Web-GIS-based precision irrigation systems for the rational use of water in agriculture in general and arboriculture in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Agricultural activities and risk of Alzheimer's disease: the TRACTOR project, a nationwide retrospective cohort study.
- Author
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Petit, Pascal, Gondard, Elise, Gandon, Gérald, Moreaud, Olivier, Sauvée, Mathilde, and Bonneterre, Vincent
- Subjects
DISEASE risk factors ,FARM risks ,PROPORTIONAL hazards models ,CROPS ,AGRICULTURE ,ARBORICULTURE ,POULTRY farming - Abstract
Data regarding Alzheimer's disease (AD) occurrence in farming populations is lacking. This study aimed to investigate whether, among the entire French farm manager (FM) workforce, certain agricultural activities are more strongly associated with AD than others, using nationwide data from the TRACTOR (Tracking and monitoring occupational risks in agriculture) project. Administrative health insurance data (digital electronic health/medical records and insurance claims) for the entire French agricultural workforce, over the period 2002–2016, on the entire mainland France were used to estimate the risk of AD for 26 agricultural activities with Cox proportional hazards model. For each analysis (one for each activity), the exposed group included all FMs that performed the activity of interest (e.g. crop farming), while the reference group included all FMs who did not carry out the activity of interest (e.g. FMs that never farmed crops between 2002 and 2016). There were 5067 cases among 1,036,069 FMs who worked at least one year between 2002 and 2016. Analyses showed higher risks of AD for crop farming (hazard ratio (HR) = 3.72 [3.47–3.98]), viticulture (HR = 1.29 [1.18–1.42]), and fruit arboriculture (HR = 1.36 [1.15–1.62]). By contrast, lower risks of AD were found for several animal farming types, in particular for poultry and rabbit farming (HR = 0.29 [0.20–0.44]), ovine and caprine farming (HR = 0.50 [0.41–0.61]), mixed dairy and cow farming (HR = 0.46 [0.37–0.57]), dairy farming (HR = 0.67 [0.61–0.73]), and pig farming (HR = 0.30 [0.18–0.52]). This study shed some light on the association between a wide range of agricultural activities and AD in the entire French FMs population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Generative Artificial Intelligence What Is It and Can It Be Used in Arboriculture?
- Author
-
Staley, Dan
- Subjects
GENERATIVE artificial intelligence ,ARBORICULTURE ,LANGUAGE models ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,MOBILE apps - Abstract
The article informs about the emergence of generative Artificial Intelligence (genAI) tools and their potential applications in arboriculture, discussing their ability to analyze problems, provide educational tutorials, and create client-oriented visualizations. Topic include the current limitations and concerns associated with genAI, emphasizing the need for caution and continued development before widespread adoption in the industry.
- Published
- 2024
14. Colluvial slope agriculture in context: An extensive agricultural landscape along the slopes of Punalu'u Valley, O'ahu Island, Hawai'i.
- Author
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Morrison, Alex E., Quintus, Seth, Rieth, Timothy M., Filimoehala, Christopher, Duarte, Trever, Tulchin, Jon, Dosseto, Anthony, Anae, Hannah Kaumakamanōkalanipō, Filimoehala, Darby, Knecht, Dan, and Dux, Florian
- Subjects
AGRICULTURE ,RADIOACTIVE dating ,FIFTEENTH century ,LANDSCAPES ,SEVENTEENTH century - Abstract
Archaeological research on traditional Hawaiian agriculture has generally focused on two primary strategies: irrigated pondfield and intensive dryland cultivation. However, other cultivation strategies, such as colluvial slope agriculture, were practiced but have been less intensively studied and remain poorly understood. To begin to remedy this paucity of information, a joint education and research project between International Archaeological Research Institute, Inc., the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa (UHM) Department of Anthropology, and Kamehameha Schools (KS) was conducted in Punalu'u Ahupua'a to examine an integrated slope agricultural, religious, and residential complex. Subsurface investigations and radiometric dating indicate that initial vegetation clearing of the area may have occurred as early as the late thirteenth to early fifteenth centuries AD. As early as the fifteenth century, some stands of economic trees were growing, which may have coincided with initial placement of boundary walls along some portions of the slopes. Major expansion of the surface agricultural infrastructure along the landscape occurred through the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries AD. Religious structures and associated features were built as early as the seventeenth century and later. These results situate colluvial slope agriculture within the broader context of traditional Hawaiian agronomic strategies and political and social processes across the Hawaiian archipelago. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. On the Persistence of the Organic: The Material Lives of the Robinia pseudoacacia.
- Author
-
Cannady, Lauren R.
- Subjects
BLACK locust ,SLAVE trade ,BOTANICAL specimens ,CULTURAL history ,SEVENTEENTH century ,PLANT species ,ENVIRONMENTAL history - Abstract
Just as plants confiscated from one part of the world and introduced to another may become naturalized over time, so too may the stories humankind tells about the natural world. Both can have consequences for local and global biocultures. The North American black locust tree (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) offers a case study through which to consider the transmission of early modern environmental and cultural histories. The persistence of a singular specimen planted in Paris in the early seventeenth century stands in contrast to the mutability of histories over time and the divergent modality of narratives about the natural world in different cultures. The many material lives of the plant species—from its propagation and first publication by Europeans to accounts by European colonizers in North America to the tree's historic and continued use in Indigenous craft practices—can be read through intertwined histories of botany, bioprospecting, settler colonialism, and the Atlantic slave trade. Expanding the profundity of the black locust's history by connecting its prehistories to written narratives reveals the tree to be an entangled organic object whose histories are integral to its materiality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. LIVIA THE AUCTOR AND THE SYMBOLISM OF GRAFTING.
- Author
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Marzano, Annalisa
- Subjects
NATURAL history ,SYMBOLISM ,ARBORICULTURE ,FRUIT ,IDEOLOGY ,ALLOCATION of organs, tissues, etc. - Abstract
The article discusses a passage in book 15 of Pliny's Natural history which lists Livia among the creators of new fruit cultivar. It argues that Livia's unique position within and outside her family explains why she appears to be the only woman remembered for her direct involvement in arboriculture. The article then discusses grafting, which in ancient Rome was charged with many symbolic meanings, and contextualises the appearance of Livia in horticultural discourse within the ideology of the Augustan era and the increased interest in horticultural matters at that time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Agroforestry Distribution and Contributions in Ancient Hawaiian Agriculture.
- Author
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Lincoln, Noa Kekuewa, Lee, Tiffany M., Quintus, Seth, Haensel, Thomas P., and Chen, Qi
- Subjects
WETLANDS ,DRY farming ,AGROFORESTRY ,AGRICULTURE ,POLITICAL ecology ,TRADITIONAL ecological knowledge ,HAWAIIANS ,INDEPENDENT sets - Abstract
Agriculture is one of the most fundamental ways in which human societies interact with the environment. The form and function of agriculture have important socio-political implications in terms of yields, labor requirements, variability and resilience, and elite control. Hawai'i has been used as a model system for the discussion of coupled human and natural systems, and how the uneven distribution of agricultural opportunities has manifested in the political ecology. However, consideration of agriculture has emphasized forms with physical infrastructure documented through archaeology and have not included arboricultural forms that were extensive among Pacific Islands. We leverage existing, independent data sets to build and validate spatial models of two intensities of arboriculture across the Hawaiian archipelago: Agroforestry and Novel Forest. Model validation demonstrates good accuracy that includes both expected and unexpected sources of errors. Results of the models demonstrate that arboricultural techniques accounted for ~70% of the agricultural potential by area and ~40% of the agricultural potential by yield. Unlike existing agricultural forms modeled, such as flooded wetland terrace cultivation and rainfed field production, which have strong distributional patterns based on the age of the islands, arboricultural potential is well distributed across all the islands. The extent, distribution, and characteristics of arboricultural methods provide important augmentation of the current narrative of production dynamics and distribution, and the political ecology, of pre-contact Hawai'i. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Land-use and land cover changes along the coastal belt of Hambantota district, southern Sri Lanka, over the period 1996-2017.
- Author
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Madarasinghe, S. K., Yapa, K. K. A. S., Udayakantha, P. M. P., and Satyanarayana, B.
- Subjects
NORMALIZED difference vegetation index ,LAND cover ,URBAN forestry ,CITIES & towns ,SUSTAINABLE urban development ,ARBORICULTURE ,FOREST plants ,PLANTATIONS - Abstract
Through the years, the green cover has been substantially reduced and transformed into human development projects and settlements in many cities of Sri Lanka. Hambantota, a southern coastal district, has faced similar changes over the last two decades. Therefore, this study was aimed at the Land-Use and Land-Cover (LULC) changes which had taken place along its coastal belt during the period, 1996-2017. Comparison was done among LULC maps bearing fourteen different classes for the years 1996 and 2017. The results reveal that all LULC classes except coconut plantations and paddy lands show significant area changes (p < 0.05) during the period considered. Among the LULC changes, forest cover showed the highest area change (2341 ha loss (p < 0.05)) while 358 ha of scrubland has been cleared to establish housing schemes. The settlements have significantly increased (1318 ha) and a considerable amount is due to development projects including the Hambantota port. The survey results show that 63.9% of the residents in the study area agreed that the natural environment of the city had been affected by the development projects. Analysis of LULC changes and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data suggests that Hambantota coastal area has developed significantly at the cost of forests and associated vegetation from 1996 to 2017. Rapid economic and population growths are identified as the main driving forces for the LULC changes. These results deliver an important decision-making reference for LULC planning and sustainable development in the Hambantota coastal region, which is, in broad sense, valid for any booming city in the country and the world. The urban forestry concept can be an ideal sustainable move to compensate the green cover loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. The Case of the Frazzled Fronds.
- Author
-
Parrino, Emily
- Subjects
PALMS ,OIL palm ,MANGANOUS sulfate ,ARBORICULTURE - Abstract
The article presents the discussion on arborist tasked with assessing palm trees for potential hazards after a fatal incident caused by Fusarium oxysporum fungus including tree inspection, safety measures, and potential legal implications.
- Published
- 2024
20. Deep Learning Approaches for Water Stress Forecasting in Arboriculture Using Time Series of Remote Sensing Images: Comparative Study between ConvLSTM and CNN-LSTM Models
- Author
-
Ismail Bounoua, Youssef Saidi, Reda Yaagoubi, and Mourad Bouziani
- Subjects
water stress ,arboriculture ,CWSI ,time series ,forecasting ,deep learning ,Technology - Abstract
Irrigation is crucial for crop cultivation and productivity. However, traditional methods often waste water and energy due to neglecting soil and crop variations, leading to inefficient water distribution and potential crop water stress. The crop water stress index (CWSI) has become a widely accepted index for assessing plant water status. However, it is necessary to forecast the plant water stress to estimate the quantity of water to irrigate. Deep learning (DL) models for water stress forecasting have gained prominence in irrigation management to address these needs. In this paper, we present a comparative study between two deep learning models, ConvLSTM and CNN-LSTM, for water stress forecasting using remote sensing data. While these DL architectures have been previously proposed and studied in various applications, our novelty lies in studying their effectiveness in the field of water stress forecasting using time series of remote sensing images. The proposed methodology involves meticulous preparation of time series data, where we calculate the crop water stress index (CWSI) using Landsat 8 satellite imagery through Google Earth Engine. Subsequently, we implemented and fine-tuned the hyperparameters of the ConvLSTM and CNN-LSTM models. The same processes of model compilation, optimization of hyperparameters, and model training were applied for the two architectures. A citrus farm in Morocco was chosen as a case study. The analysis of the results reveals that the CNN-LSTM model excels over the ConvLSTM model for long sequences (nine images) with an RMSE of 0.119 and 0.123, respectively, while ConvLSTM provides better results for short sequences (three images) than CNN-LSTM with an RMSE of 0.153 and 0.187, respectively.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. A Leader in Arboriculture Education.
- Author
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Lilly, Sharon
- Subjects
ARBORICULTURE ,ELECTRONIC books ,TREE care ,TREE planting ,URBAN forestry ,CORPORATION secretaries - Abstract
The article focuses on the origins and evolution of the International Society of Arboriculture, highlighting its beginnings as a partnership between commercial arborists and scientists, the development of conferences, workshops, and research symposia. It also covers the expansion of educational offerings, serial publications, and the organization's pivotal role in disseminating knowledge through publications, training materials, and online resources over its 100-year history.
- Published
- 2023
22. Celebrating a Century of Professional Arboriculture.
- Subjects
ARBORICULTURE ,ATTACK on Pearl Harbor (Hawaii), 1941 ,TREE care ,URBAN forestry ,WORLD War II - Abstract
The article focuses on the impact of World War II on the arboriculture industry in the 1940s, emphasizing the responses of arborists to the war effort, their engagement with the War Department, and challenges faced during the wartime. Topics include the involvement of arborists in national defense efforts, the impact of the war on tree care businesses, and the cancellation of industry events due to wartime constraints.
- Published
- 2023
23. Evaluating the Reproducibility of Tree Risk Assessment Ratings Across Commonly Used Methods.
- Author
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Klein, Ryan W., Koeser, Andrew K., McBride, Larsen, Hauer, Richard J., Warner, Laura A., Smiley, E. Thomas, Munroe, Michael A., and Harchick, Chris
- Subjects
RISK assessment ,URBAN trees ,TREES ,ARBORICULTURE ,ARBORISTS ,URBAN forestry - Abstract
Copyright of Arboriculture & Urban Forestry is the property of International Society of Arboriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Urban Forest Management Motivations and Practices in Relation to a Large-Scale Tree Planting Initiative.
- Author
-
Healy, Marc, Geron, Nicholas, Harper, Richard W., Rogan, John, Martin, Deborah G., and Roman, Lara A.
- Subjects
TREE planting ,FOREST management ,URBAN trees ,EVIDENCE gaps ,PLANT maintenance - Abstract
The success of public trees planted in urban areas by tree planting initiatives (TPIs) depends on how well the new trees fit into existing municipal structures and capacities. We sought to understand municipal management of trees in mid-sized towns through a case study in Massachusetts (US) involving a state-funded and state-managed TPI. Data was collected through structured interviews with tree wardens (municipal urban forest managers) to understand the various impacts that maintenance practices, municipal support and funding, and departmental structure may have on recently planted trees. In this Massachusetts program, municipal structure influenced the number of proactive management practices as well as the size of the tree activity budget. Consideration of municipal department roles and structure by TPIs may allow for more effective implementation of these initiatives. Our study begins to fill a research gap regarding small to mid-size municipalities and their role in tree planting and maintenance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Hazard Assessment of Urban Trees along the Bagmati River Corridor: A Case Study from Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Ward Number 8.
- Author
-
Shapkota, Jun and Gautam, Jeetendra
- Subjects
ALDER ,EUCALYPTUS camaldulensis ,RISK assessment ,CITIES & towns ,URBAN trees ,URBAN forestry ,GUAVA - Abstract
Urban trees are extremely significant and provide numerous advantages for both the environment and people. In order to provide a healthy and sustainable environment, green spaces have long been seen as a crucial component of contemporary cities. Nevertheless, as urbanization and population growth have accelerated, environmental challenges have become a major worldwide issue. This study mainly focuses on the assessment of hazardous trees along the Bagmati river corridor and documents major tree species for urban forestry. The study was conducted in ward number 08 of Kathmandu metropolitan city. Total enumeration was carried out by recording information on trees through direct observation of the whole site. The International Society of Arboriculture (ISA) tree hazard evaluation method was used as a tree risk assessment tool. A total of 74 trees were recorded from the study site. Grevillea robusta, Cinnamomum camphora, Ficus bengalensis, F. religiosa, and so on were the major species planted along the Bagmati corridor. The trees were categorized in varying degrees of hazard. Forty-seven trees were less hazardous, 24 were semihazardous, and 3 were hazardous with hazard rates of 2.91, 6.04, and 9, respectively. Jasminum nudiflorum was the only hazardous species recorded followed by semihazardous species such as Morus alba and F. religiosa among other species, and Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Citrus limon, Psidium guajava, Alnus nepalensis, and so on were least hazardous tree species. The hazardous tree in urban areas increases the risk to people and public as well as private properties. There is a need for the removal of such hazardous trees and planting the right species at the right time. Moreover, regular inspection and a clear policy for urban trees are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. An ergonomic study of arborist work activities
- Author
-
Eva Abramuszkinová Pavlíková, William Robb, and Jakub Šácha
- Subjects
Arboriculture ,Physical and cognitive workload ,Work measurement ,Grip strength ,Spatial awareness ,Work safety ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Arborists work in high-risk environments, particularly when climbing trees, where a combination of grip strength and resistance to psychological stress are important attributes for safety. This study investigated the physical and cognitive activities of arborists combined with selected workload factors such as blood pressure, pulse, handgrip strength, and other anthropometric measurements, including manual dexterity and spatial awareness. The sample included 10 participants aged 17–48 years. Blood pressure was negatively correlated with handgrip strength after the activity had been performed. Different types of arborist activities led to various types of physiological feedback, as shown by the analysis of variance. According to our results, there is a difference between physical workloads, associated with activities such as tree felling, tree climbing, or chainsaw maintenance, and cognitive workloads, such as supervision or observation, in relation to blood pressure. Blood pressure was higher for activities that involved a cognitive workload. Before and after any activity, handgrip strength was positively associated with hand size. After any activity, greater changes in handgrip strength of the participant's right hand were associated with needing more time to successfully complete a peg test, which represents a greater cognitive burden. Our results suggest that arborists deal with physical activities such as tree felling, tree climbing, working with a chainsaw, and mental activities (supervising or observing) which were identified as two different groups correlated with hand grip strength, blood pressure, manual dexterity, and spatial awareness. In conclusion, the tree-climbing activity appeared to be the least stressful, and psychological stress appeared to have a greater impact on the health of observers and supervisors in the study group. This can be applied to other professions in many fields, including industries where workers face both physical and cognitive workloads.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Bionic quadruped treebot using Arduino.
- Author
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Arulanandam, Deeptirekha Sasirekha, Selvam, Abidha, and Muthusamy, Susaritha
- Subjects
BIONICS ,TREE climbing ,ROUGH surfaces ,KOALA ,ARBORICULTURE ,CURVATURE - Abstract
Arboriculture is one of the risk jobs in agriculture to make that easy to farmers many scientists have invented different kinds of tree climbing robot. Mostly treebot have difficulties in gripping the tree bark because of different in diameter and being flexible around the branches and curvature. It is challenging task to grab the rough and irregular surface of the tree. To overcome that, here in this study proposes the bionic koala treebot using Arduino, which have high gripping capacity around the different diameter and curvature of variety of tree. The algorithm of the treebot inspired by the tree climbing style of koala, the quadruped arms are construed with a smaller number of sensing source and limit switch without reprogramming for tree to tree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. TREE INDUSTRY CALENDAR.
- Subjects
TREE climbing ,PUBLIC spaces ,CALENDAR ,CORPORATE culture ,URBAN ecology ,ARBORICULTURE - Abstract
The article informs about upcoming events in the tree industry, including arboriculture expos, tree climbing competitions, and conferences, providing dates, locations, and organizers' information. Topic include these events cater to professionals and enthusiasts in the field, offering opportunities for networking, skill development, and staying updated on industry trends.
- Published
- 2024
29. The tree experts: A history of professional arboriculture in Britain
- Published
- 2022
30. Back matter.
- Subjects
OTTOMAN Empire ,ARBORICULTURE ,TIMURID dynasty - Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. MBIE'S ideas - suggested changes to the Tree Regulations raise questions : trees vs powerlines; NZ Arb answer to MBIE
- Author
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Snow, Terry
- Published
- 2024
32. Big trees in big trouble
- Author
-
Crook, Jordan
- Published
- 2021
33. A Vulgar Conversation about Arboriculture Jargon.
- Author
-
Farber, John Wayne
- Subjects
ARBORICULTURE ,JARGON (Terminology) ,YOUNG adults ,URBAN forestry ,FOREST management - Abstract
The article focuses on the importance of clear and effective communication in arboriculture, highlighting how language and terminology play a crucial role in the industry. It discusses several terms commonly used in arboriculture and explores how their meanings and usage have evolved over time. It touches on various terms, such as "arborist" vs. other terms, "prune" vs. "trim," and "fertilize" vs. "feed."
- Published
- 2023
34. Celebrating a Century of Internationalization, Chapters, and Governance: The Legacy of the International Society of Arboriculture.
- Author
-
Epperson, Rose
- Subjects
ARBORICULTURE ,NETWORK governance ,CAREER development ,OBSTACLE racing ,GLOBALIZATION ,TREE care - Abstract
The article focuses on the centennial anniversary of the U.S. International Society of Arboriculture (ISA) and reflects on the organization's contributions to the domains of arboriculture and urban forestry. It also discusses the importance of associate organizations and international collaboration in advancing the mission of ISA.
- Published
- 2023
35. PiCUS Sonic Tomograph: A Case Study of Crimson Bottlebrush Tree (Melaleuca citrina (Curtis) Dum.Cours).
- Author
-
Mat Saad, Abdul Hayat, Mohd Roseli, Ahmad Nazarudin, and Kamaruzaman, Rosfarizal
- Subjects
TOMOGRAPHY ,MELALEUCA ,FOREST canopies ,SOIL penetration test ,ARBORICULTURE - Abstract
Trees with a decreasing level of health and structure can become a threat to life and property if they are not properly managed. Thus, a regular visual tree assessment (VTA) is essential to monitor the trees' conditions. A recent assessment, July 2022, by VTA on an existing Melaleuca citrina in the Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) showed poor canopy growth colonised by parasitic plants with the emergence of fruiting bodies (conk or mushroom) on its trunk, indicating internal wood decay. Tree inspection using an advanced approach of PiCUS Sonic Tomograph (PiCUS) was performed to evaluate the severity of the decayed trunk. As a non-invasive method, PiCUS measures the wood deterioration in trees using sound wave velocity that moves through the density of the wood. The thicknesses of the residual wall of trees with internal defects were recorded as colour-coded tomograms. The results were then compared with previous observations in the year 2017. The soil penetration test, pH and "The Jar Test" were also adopted to analyse soil properties and condition around the tree. The tomogram images showed an increased percentage of decay from 2017 to 2022 of approximately 2 to 78%, respectively. The sound wood also decreased from 82 to 14% for the respective period. The soil is categorised as silt loamy with pH value of 5.6 to 6.4 while the soil penetration test exceeds a value of 2.06 MPa, which restricts the root growth. This information is vital for further maintenance of urban trees and very useful for managerial decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. THE SCIENTIST BISHOP: RICHARD WATSON, F.R.S. (1737–1816).
- Author
-
Morgan-Guy, John
- Abstract
Although as a professor of Divinity, diocesan bishop and political controversialist Richard Watson has attracted the attention of historians in those disciplines, his pioneering work as a scientist and agricultural reformer, especially in relation to arboriculture, has been largely overlooked. This paper seeks to redress the balance by focusing on his enduring interest in the emerging fields of applied science and demonstrate his important contributions to the cultivation of trees, larches in particular, as a commercial enterprise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Forgotten forests: expanding potential land use in traditional Hawaiian agroecosystems, and the social-ecological implications
- Author
-
Tiffany M Lee and Noa Kekuewa Lincoln
- Subjects
agroforestry ,arboriculture ,hawaiʻi ,land management practices ,socioecosystems ,traditional agriculture ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 - Abstract
The development of agricultural systems is a fundamental component of social-ecological transformation and a predominant factor influencing social behavior and structuring. However, oversimplification of traditional agricultural production often occurs and limits the understanding of past populations’ abilities to mitigate potential risks and enhance food security through effective land management strategies. The social-ecological traits that characterize the Hawaiian Islands provides a unique vantage to explore human ecodynamics over the longue durée and assess how these systems can be used to inform current and future land-use strategies, both locally and globally. Using the Hawaiian archipelago as a case study, digitized historical maps depicting a range of crop species and cropping systems were georeferenced to assess previous estimates of land use by early island populations and demonstrate the limitations of narratives constructed from previously modeled extents of land-use activity that rely solely on the preservation of archaeological remnants. The results of our mapped vegetation correspond well with the more intensive forms of agriculture that were included in previous models, but overall indicate that previous models do not fully represent the extent of land use by early island populations, missing vast applications of agroforestry and arboriculture. Based on our findings, we argue that the omission of cultivation systems not associated with physical infrastructure has vastly limited the comprehension of land use by early island populations and driven narratives in social-ecological dynamics that underestimate the extent of agricultural production while inferring sociopolitical outcomes based on the prevailing agricultural dichotomy. To remedy this limitation, we suggest a multimethods approach that integrates diverse data sets for an agricultural model that is more inclusive of all agricultural forms implemented by early Native Hawaiian populations and, therefore, is more representative of the extents of land use by island populations.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Economic Contribution Analysis of Urban and Community Forestry in the Southern United States in 2019.
- Author
-
Parajuli, Rajan, Chizmar, Stephanie, Lamica, Austin, Wiseman, Eric, Gordon, Jason, Ochuodho, Thomas, Schons, Stella Zucchetti, Henderson, James E, Mehmood, Sayeed, and Johnson, Lara
- Subjects
URBAN forestry ,COMMUNITY forestry ,ECONOMIC research ,CITIES & towns ,NONPROFIT organizations ,PUBLIC spaces - Abstract
As populations in developing areas continue to increase in recent years, urban and community forestry (U&CF) has received considerable attention due to the ecological, social, and economic significance of trees and green landscapes in urban and semi-urban settings. Based on a regional survey of private, public, and nonprofit businesses and agencies involved in U&CF, we first developed a complete profile of the U&CF sector in the southern United States (SUS) and then estimated the economic contribution of U&CF businesses and activities to the thirteen-state regional economy. We estimated that, in 2019, U&CF in the SUS contributed about $23.2 billion in value added with a total jobs support of over 349,200. Based on the current economic contributions and the number of cities and towns in each state, we also categorized thirteen states into four different tiers. Results not only underscore the economic significance of U&CF businesses and activities in the SUS, but also serve as a baseline to track future trends and performance of U&CF in terms of various business metrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Assessing the Likelihood of Failure Due to Stem Decay Using Different Assessment Techniques.
- Author
-
Okun, Ari, Brazee, Nicholas J., Clark, James R., Cunningham-Minnick, Michael J., Burcham, Daniel C., and Kane, Brian
- Subjects
WOOD ,ARBORISTS ,ARBORICULTURE ,RISK assessment ,APPRAISERS - Abstract
Arborists commonly investigate the extent of stem decay to assess the likelihood of stem failure when conducting tree risk assessments. Studies have shown that: (i) arborists can sometimes judge the extent of internal decay based on external signs; (ii) sophisticated tools can reliably illustrate the extent of internal decay; and (iii) assessing components of tree risk can be highly subjective. We recruited 18 experienced tree risk assessors who held the International Society of Arboriculture's Tree Risk Assessment Qualification (TRAQ) to assess the likelihood of stem failure due to decay after each of five consecutive assessments on 30 individuals of 2 genera. The five assessment techniques, in stepwise order, were: (1) observing visually, (2) sounding the trunk with a mallet, (3) viewing a scaled diagram of the cross-section that revealed sound and decayed wood ascertained from resistance drilling, (4) viewing sonic and electrical resistance tomograms, and (5) consulting with a peer. For each technique, the assessors assigned two or more likelihood of failure ratings (LoFRs) for at least 83% of trees, which were proportionally greatest after the assessors viewed the tomograms; the proportions did not differ among the other four assessment techniques. Covariates that influenced the distribution of the LoFRs included percent of the cross-section that was decayed, and assessors' experience using resistance drilling devices and tomography in regular practice. Practitioners should be aware that disagreement on the likelihood of tree failure exists even among experienced arborists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. The Domestication and Dispersal of Large-Fruiting Prunus spp.: A Metadata Analysis of Archaeobotanical Material.
- Author
-
Dal Martello, Rita, von Baeyer, Madelynn, Hudson, Mark, Bjorn, Rasmus G., Leipe, Christian, Zach, Barbara, Mir-Makhamad, Basira, Billings, Traci N., Muñoz Fernández, Irene M., Huber, Barbara, Boxleitner, Kseniia, Lu, Jou-Chun, Chi, Ko-An, Liu, Hsiao-Lei, Kistler, Logan, and Spengler, Robert N.
- Subjects
PRUNUS ,METADATA ,MATERIALS analysis ,ROSACEAE ,APRICOT ,PLUM - Abstract
The Prunus genus contains many of the most economically significant arboreal crops, cultivated globally, today. Despite the economic significance of these domesticated species, the pre-cultivation ranges, processes of domestication, and routes of prehistoric dispersal for all of the economically significant species remain unresolved. Among the European plums, even the taxonomic classification has been heavily debated over the past several decades. In this manuscript, we compile archaeobotanical evidence for the most prominent large-fruiting members of Prunus, including peach, apricot, almonds, sloes, and the main plum types. By mapping out the chronology and geographic distributions of these species, we are able to discuss aspects of their domestication and dispersal more clearly, as well as identify gaps in the data and unanswered questions. We suggest that a clearer understanding of these processes will say a lot about ancient peoples, as the cultivation of delayed return crops is an indicator of a strong concept of land tenure and the specialization of these cultivation strategies seems to be tied to urbanism and reliable markets. Likewise, the evolution of domestication traits in long-generation perennials, especially within Rosaceae, represents awareness of grafting and cloning practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Miniature UAVs and Photogrammetry--A Novel Approach to Collecting Aerial Inspection Data from Mature Broadleaf Trees.
- Author
-
Roberts, James and Slater, Duncan
- Subjects
GRISELINIA littoralis ,PHOTOGRAMMETRY ,TREES ,DRONE aircraft ,INTEGRATED software ,INVESTMENT software ,ARBORICULTURE - Abstract
Copyright of Arboriculture & Urban Forestry is the property of International Society of Arboriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. A Centurion Story of Arboriculture and Urban Forestry Through Dutch Elm Disease.
- Author
-
Hauer, Richard J.
- Subjects
URBAN forestry ,ARBORICULTURE ,EMERALD ash borer - Abstract
The article focuses on the history of Dutch elm disease (DED) and its impact on arboriculture and urban forestry over the past century. It covers the discovery and identification of DED in the 1910s and 1920s, the period of discovery and research in the 1930s to 1960s, the implementation of effective management strategies in the 1970s to 1980s, and the ongoing reflection and need for diversification in tree populations to combat tree diseases like DED in the 1990s to the present day.
- Published
- 2023
43. House of Lords.
- Subjects
ARBORICULTURE ,APPRENTICESHIP programs - Published
- 2023
44. Plants from distant places: the 1st millennium ce archaeobotanical record from Iberia
- Author
-
Peña-Chocarro, Leonor and Pérez-Jordà, Guillem
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Use of paraffin oils in agriculture and beyond: back to the future.
- Author
-
Baliota, Georgia V. and Athanassiou, Christos G.
- Subjects
PETROLEUM ,INTEGRATED pest control ,INSECTICIDES ,PEST control ,PARAFFIN wax ,MINERAL oils ,PHYTOTOXICITY - Abstract
Paraffin (petroleum) oils have been used for many years for their insecticidal properties, but relatively little research had been conducted towards their introduction into the agricultural praxis, due to their potential phytotoxic effects. In the recent years, however, there has been an increased interest in petroleum-based pesticides due to their compatibility with integrated pest management (IPM) programs. Various improvements in the refinement methods have enhanced the manufacture of commercial products with many advantageous features over the original oil formulas. However, literature is still lacking of a general overview about the applicability of newly introduced commercial petroleum oils in agriculture and their compatibility with modern pest management practices. Therefore, the present work aims to depict the current status of petroleum oils in arboriculture and beyond, providing an in-depth analysis of their insecticidal properties with respect to the knowledge gained over the years about the factors responsible for the pesticidal efficacy and the phytotoxic activity of petroleum-derived oil insecticides. Moreover, commercial aspects of petroleum oil formulations and their toxicological profile to non-target organisms have also been addressed through the current legislation in EU and the USA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Arboriculture and Viticulture as Investment in the Early Islamic Levant: An Archaeobotanical and Historical Investigation of the Site of Ashkelon.
- Author
-
Forste, Kathleen M.
- Subjects
ARBORICULTURE ,VITICULTURE ,PLANT remains (Archaeology) ,AGRICULTURAL economics - Abstract
This article combines historical and archaeological evidence to investigate the role arboriculture played in the agricultural economy in the southern Levant as centers of production moved away from rural agricultural estates and focused instead on urban centers. Integrating this evidence with archaeobotanical data from Early Islamic deposits at the archaeological site of Ashkelon, located on the southern Mediterranean coast of modern-day Israel, I conclude that people specialized in arboriculture as a means to supply the needs of both subsistence and craft economies in this city, encapsulating the intensification of agricultural production in this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Municipal Employees' Perceptions of Tree Risk and Liability in Alabama.
- Author
-
Judice, Abbie, Gordon, Jason S, and Brodbeck, Arnold
- Subjects
RISK perception ,EMPLOYEE psychology ,MUNICIPAL officials & employees ,TREE care ,URBAN trees ,COMMUNITY forests ,PUBLIC spaces - Abstract
Research about the broad range of ecological, social, and economic benefits urban forests provide communities trees has expanded significantly and helped provide justification for protecting and enhancing urban forests. However, an empirical understanding of risks and liabilities is limited despite an abundance of risk research in other disciplines. Employing Alabama as a case study, this research examined municipal employees' perceptions of factors, including legal liability, influencing actions towards urban tree risk mitigation. Qualitative interviews revealed attitudes and practices regarding municipal responsibility towards public tree management. Cities were unlikely to implement risk assessments to provide a foundation for tree maintenance. As a result, there was limited adaptive and integrative governance to handle risk in the community forest. Results are implicated in the broader narrative of community sustainability and resilience, particularly management of complexity, uncertainty, and ambiguity of urban forest risk and benefits. Study Implications: Large-population cities were equipped to address tree maintenance, implement best management practices, and focus on preventative risk management. However, all cities were limited in capacity to conduct comprehensive tree risk assessments and communicate with residents about proper tree selection and care to reduce risk of failure. Whereas this has negative implications for community resilience, a number of small and medium-sized communities demonstrated opportunities to address urban forest health such as harnessing employee champions, local sources of expertise, and encouraging volunteerism. Municipal tree programs should not overlook community assets and culture in the goal to reduce risk while maximizing tree benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Urban wildlife and arborists: environmental governance and the protection of wildlife during tree care operations.
- Author
-
Martin, Alexander J F and Almas, Andrew D
- Subjects
URBAN animals ,ARBORISTS ,ENVIRONMENTAL protection - Abstract
When working with urban trees, arborists can negatively impact urban wildlife. There have been recent efforts to strengthen wildlife protection and conservation during arboricultural practices, both legislatively and voluntarily through arboriculture organizations. To examine arborists' perceptions of these environmental policies and understand their experiences with urban wildlife, we conducted an international online survey of 805 arborists. Many respondents (n = 481, 59.8%) reported being involved in tree work that resulted in wildlife injury or death, despite most respondents reportedly modifying work plans or objectives after encountering wildlife (n = 598, 74.3%). Decisions to modify or cease work were most heavily influenced by the legal protection of species, wildlife having young, and the overall management objectives. Support for new wildlife best management practices (BMPs) was high (n = 718, 90.3%), as was awareness of wildlife and arboriculture-related legislation (n = 611, 77.2%). The findings demonstrate support amongst arborists for the implementation of wildlife policies to protect wildlife in urban forestry; however, implementation of such policies would require a non-prescriptive approach that is relevant to a diversity of wildlife concerns globally, causing concern amongst arborists about the applicability of such a document. Concerns also included the economic impacts of voluntary wildlife protection policies in arboriculture, where competitors may not adhere to industry standards or best practices. Given the support of arborists for increased wildlife protection policies, we recommend the development of international wildlife-focused BMPs for arboriculture, especially as an intermediary until legislation can be implemented or more rigorously enforced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Comparison of visual risk assessment methods applied in street trees of Montevideo city, Uruguay
- Author
-
Cecilia Ameneiros, Paulina Fratti, Agustina Sergio, Ana Paula Coelho-Duarte, Mauricio Ponce-Donoso, and Óscar Vallejos-Barra
- Subjects
arboriculture ,hazard tree ,risk component ,tree risk ,urban forest ,Agriculture ,Food processing and manufacture ,TP368-456 - Abstract
Risk assessment of urban trees is an incipient practice in Latin America, generally performed with foreign methods, due to the lack of qualified personnel and locally validated or adapted methodology. This article evaluates the application of three methods on street trees in Montevideo city, Uruguay: Tree Hazard Risk Evaluation and Treatment System (THREATS), Quantified Tree Risk Assessment (QTRA) and Best Management Practices - Tree Risk Assessment (ISA BMP). Three assessors with similar experience applied three methods in 36 trees of three widely used genera, totaling 324 assessments and 1,296 data. The methods were decomposed into the components: Likelihood of Failure, Likelihood of Impact, Consequence and Risk Rating. The data were statistically analyzed through a generalized linear mixed model (p
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Observation of External Wounding on Green Ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall) Trees Associated with Tree Injection Systems.
- Author
-
Hauer, Richard J., Ball, John J., and North, Eric
- Subjects
TREES ,EMERALD ash borer ,ASH (Tree) - Abstract
Field observations of external wounds associated with two common tree injection methods compared open (plug-less) and sealed (plug) systems in green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall) trees. A wound from any cause within 1.37 m above the ground was common with 28.8% of all trees. The open system had statistically fewer (p < 0.001) trees with at least one wound (11.6% of trees) than the sealed system (47.4% of trees). The open system had fewer (p < 0.001) wounds (0.17, 0.04 SE) per tree and a smaller (p < 0.001) total wound area (25.5 cm
2 , 8.7 SE) per tree, compared to the sealed system wounds (1.14, 0.13 SE) per tree and the total wound area (99.7 cm2 , 16.2 SE) per tree. The incidence of a tree with a wound(s) within 1.37 m above the ground was 7.2 times more likely with trees treated though the sealed system. Wounds in the sealed system were observed to appear to have a high rate of improper application of plugs, which was associated in 77% of the cases to explain the wounds. Implications of study results are further provided to best protect ash trees, while at the same time reducing the incidence external wounding on ash trees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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