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In practical applications, TiNi shape memory alloys (SMAs) exhibit behavior that can pose a challenge with current constitutive models and their implementations in finite element method (FEM) software. TiNi SMA devices typically operate in the forward or reverse martensitic transformation regime, which is known as subloop loading. During such cyclic loading–unloading, the hysteresis stress–strain loop changes because of material damage, which can be considered the fatigue of TiNi SMAs. During both the loading and unloading processes, the stress plateau decreases. At the same time, the accumulated (residual) martensitic transformation strain increases. In this study, the experimental investigation results and observations of the aforementioned phenomena are presented. Next, the phase-field damage model is employed, along with a modified Lagoudas constitutive model, to simulate the change in stress–strain hysteresis. Furthermore, a fatigue function is used to simulate the accumulation of martensitic transformation strain. The experimental stress–strain response is compared with the simulation results, and good quantitative and qualitative agreement is obtained. The damage and martensitic volume fraction with respect to strain are discussed for full-loop and subloop loading. The observations and conclusions, as well as open questions, are presented. Possible directions for future research are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Modeling and characterization of ductile fracture in metals is still a challenging task in the field of computational mechanics. Experimental testing offers specific responses in the form of crack-mouth (CMOD) and crack-tip (CTOD) opening displacement related to applied force or crack growth. The main aim of this paper is to develop a phase-field-based Finite Element Method (FEM) implementation for modeling of ductile fracture in stainless steel. (2) A Phase-Field Damage Model (PFDM) was coupled with von Mises plasticity and a work-densities-based criterion was employed, with a threshold to propose a new relationship between critical fracture energy and critical total strain value. In addition, the threshold value of potential internal energy—which controls damage evolution—is defined from the critical fracture energy. (3) The material properties of AISI 316L steel are determined by a uniaxial tensile test and the Compact Tension (CT) specimen crack growth test. The PFDM model is validated against the experimental results obtained in the fracture toughness characterization test, with the simulation results being within 8% of the experimental measurements. (4) The novel implementation offers the possibility for better control of the ductile behavior of metallic materials and damage initiation, evolution, and propagation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Military Technical Courier / Vojnotehnicki Glasnik is the property of Military Technical Courier / Vojnotehnicki Glasnik and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper presents the procedure for determining the factor of safety (FoS) using the strength reduction method (SRM) for the case of a concrete damage plasticity constitutive model. The SRM was originally used in a slope stability analysis and in its original form, this method was applied by reducing the shear strength of the material. Since damage in concrete occurs due to exceeding the normal stresses in the principal directions, and not due to exceeding the shear strength, this method was modified and adapted to the concrete damage plasticity constitutive model. Instead of reducing the failure surface, the parameters which describe the mechanical behavior in the case of uniaxial compression and uniaxial tension were reduced. In this way, the reduction of stress and the corresponding strain was carried out in the entire range of total strain, without changing the shape of the failure surface in the deviator plane. For the proposed methodology, a numerical algorithm was developed and implemented into the software PAK. The algorithm was verified through test examples and the obtained results were compared with analytically calculated FoS. The excellent agreement is observed between the FoS obtained by applying the proposed algorithm and the analytically calculated FoS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concentrated on the characteristics and effects of the classical electoral systems, that is, the system of the relative majority, the system of the absolute majority and the proportional system. These systems, in addition to their positive, also result in negative effects which are not easy to eliminate as they are themselves the result of the nature of these same systems. Aiming to eliminate the negative effects of the electoral system, today we are more inclined towards combined systems and proportional systems of moderate proportionality. The author suggests that the future changes in the electoral system of the Republic of Serbia should be founded on the model of proportional electoral system of moderate proportionality with the introduction of more electoral units.

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Introduction/purpose: Thin plates made of high–strength steel are frequently used both in civil and military ballistic protection systems. In order to choose an appropriate type of alloy, it is necessary to fulfil a number of criteria, such as the condition of use, the desired ballistic performance, weight, dimensions, and price. This paper presents a numerical analysis of the penetration of a 30mm armor-piercing projectile with a velocity of 750m/s into steel alloy Weldox 460 plates of different thicknesses at a distance of 1000m . Methods: The analysis has been performed using numerical methods and finite element modeling to calculate stresses and deformation caused by the penetration effect. For defining material characteristics, the Johnson- Cook material model and the fracture of materials model have been used. In this paper, the software packages FEMAP and LS Dyna have been used for defining models and performing numerical calculations. Results: The results of the performed numerical analysis as well as the obtained stress and displacement values are presented for four different armor plate thicknesses: 30mm, 33mm, 34mm, and 40mm. The results show a penetration effect and an interaction between the projectile and the armor plate. Conclusion: Modeling the impact on armor-piercing obstacles is very complex, extensive, and demanding, and the formed models approximate the real problem of projectile penetration in a very successful way (or with a certain deviation). In recent times, the analysis using the finite element method has proven to be one of effective approaches to solving such and similar problems. The material and the dimensions of the obstacle, as well as the material and the ballistic parameters of the projectile have the greatest influence on projectile penetration. Keeping all the input parameters at the same level and increasing the thickness of the target leads to its increased resistance to penetration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanical response of blast-resistant vehicles, such as Infantry Fighting Vehicles (IFVs), Mechanized Infantry Combat Vehicles (MICVs), Armored Personal Vehicles (APVs), and Mine-Resistant Ambush-Protected (MRAP) vehicles, is crucial for their effective design. When designing armored vehicles, it is important to achieve a balance between rigid designs that transmit blast forces to the troop's cabins and softer designs that prevent excessive structure deformation hazardous to the troops. This study investigates the performance of V-shaped plates at different angles under blast loading. The focus is on modeling blast effects using the Conventional Weapon (ConWep) method and the Johnson-Cook material model. The material used for V-shaped protective plates STRENX700 (S690QL) armor steel is commonly used for blast protection in Anti-Landmine (ALM) Vehicles. The blast-wave induces large deformation, erosion, high strain rates, non-linear material behavior and fragmentation. The numerical simulation results are presented in the form of vertical displacement of the central node on the protective plate, von Mises equivalent stress, and equivalent plastic strain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a comparative analysis of numerical simulations of blood flow through the left ventricle using SPH (LS-DYNA) and FVM (Ansys Fluent) solvers. Numerical simulations based on SPH and FVM methods can provide a more comprehensive understanding of cardiac blood flow patterns. In Fluent, left ventricle walls were modeled as boundary conditions with zero fluid velocity, while in the LS-DYNA software the walls were modeled with fixed particles. Boundary conditions were also prescribed on the appropriate regions (inlet, outlet, symmetry). In both programmes, inlet and outlet velocities were defined using table functions corresponding to the real cardiac cycle. For generating fluid flow in SPH, injection particles at mitral valve and deactivation planes at aortic semilunar valve were used. Numerical analysis results are given comparatively in both cases at the corresponding times. By comparing the results, it can be concluded that SPH can be efficiently used for the analysis of blood flow through the left ventricle. Although the modeling procedure, as well as the calculation itself, takes much longer to execute using SPH, this method offers possibilities such as studying FSI phenomena or tracking the movement of particles through the fluid domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a method for implicit stress integration of the Drucker-Prager material model with kinematic hardening. The stress integration of the material model is conducted using the incremental plasticity method, while the kinematic hardening of material is defined using nonlinear Armstrong-Frederick hardening. This type of granular material hardening occurs as a consequence of the cyclic loading effects, such as the seismic load. For this reason, this material model is used for the earthquake analysis in the soil mechanics. Yield surface of the material model changes its position under the cyclic loads in the stress space, whereas there is no change in the size of the yield surface in deviatoric plane. The developed algorithm of the material model has been implemented in the software package PAK. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR37013 i br. TR32036]

Background/Aim. Practical difficulties, particularly long model development time, have limited the types and applicability of computational fluid dynamics simulations in numerical modeling of blood flow in serial manner. In these simulations, the most revealing flow parameters are the endothelial shear stress distribution and oscillatory shear index. The aim of this study was analyze their role in the diagnosis of the occurrence and prognosis of plaque development in coronary artery bifurcations. Methods. We developed a novel modeling technique for rapid cardiovascular hemodynamic simulations taking into account interactions between fluid domain (blood) and solid domain (artery wall). Two numerical models that represent the observed subdomains of an arbitrary patient-specific coronary artery bifurcation were created using multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) coronagraphy and ultrasound measurements of blood velocity. Coronary flow using an in-house finite element solver PAK-FS was solved. Results. Overall behavior of coronary artery bifurcation during one cardiac cycle is described by: velocity, pressure, endothelial shear stress, oscillatory shear index, stress in arterial wall and nodal displacements. The places where (a) endothelial shear stress is less than 1.5, and (b) oscillatory shear index is very small (close or equal to 0) are prone to plaque genesis. Conclusion. Finite element simulation of fluid-structure interaction was used to investigate patient-specific flow dynamics and wall mechanics at coronary artery bifurcations. Simulation model revealed that lateral walls of the main branch and lateral walls distal to the carina are exposed to low endothelial shear stress which is a predilection site for development of atherosclerosis. This conclusion is confirmed by the low values 􀀃of oscillatory shear index in those places.

Background/Aim. Medial open wedge tibial osteotomy is one of the most widely accepted method of treatment for varus knee deformity in younger patient population. Its success depends on the quality of fixation and preservation of the outer cortex of the tibia. The aim of the study was to evaluate stress distribution in five numerically designed plate configurations which can be used in open wedge tibial osteotomy. Methods. The paper describes the 3D numerical model of the tibia with 10° varus deformity correction obtained by an optical scanner ATOS. The simulation anticipated axial compressive loads of 700 N, 1 400 N and 2 100 N. We used a modification of the standard T-plate in all of the five tested models. Modalities were tested with and without a metal block, and with and without a stable angle fixation plates and screws. Software PAK was used in the analysis of stress distribution. Results. With exception for the standard T-plate configuration without the supporting block, the loads up to 1400 N did not result in critical stresses on the outer cortex of the tibia in the remaining four models. There is an objective risk of possible failure of the outer cortex and loss of correction at a load of 2100 N in all configurations. The plate model with the angle stable fixation and the supporting metal block showed the most optimal distribution of stresses on the plate-bone composite compared to other models. Conclusion. The standard T-plate configuration without supporting metal block is not sufficient to stabilize the open wedge osteotomy of the tibia. Numerical models of the angle stable T-plate and the supporting metal block achieved a favorable distribution of stresses on the bone and implant which require further biomechanical testing.

Steel of the mild-strength S355J2+N steel grade is the most often used steel for manufacturing carrying sections of constructions exposed to fatigue loads. The use of high-strength steels, such as S690QL, allows for the creation of structures that are light and simple to construct. However, increasing the yield strength of high-strength steels does not result in a corresponding increase in fatigue resistance. As a result, using high-strength steels for constructions subjected to fatigue loading can be a major design concern, raising the question of whether high-strength steels should be used at all. Most of the experimental investigations regarding the hot work tool steel X37CrMoV5-1 found in the literature are focused on its machining and wear resistance, with insufficient attention paid to the cyclic loads. This article evaluates the fatigue properties of mild-strength S355J2+N, high-strength S690QL, and X37CrMoV5-1 steel grades. A SHIMADZU servo-hydraulic testing machine is used to perform uniaxial tensile tests under uniaxial fatigue stress-controlled, fully reversed conditions (tensile–compression testing with R = −1 stress ratio) in accordance with EN ISO and ASTM standards. The aim of this paper is to highlight the fatigue characteristics of these three steels that are among the most used in their respective groups. Steel S355J2+N belongs to the group of hot-rolled normalized steels, S690QL belongs to the group of improved (quenched + tempered) steels with increased strength, and X37CrMoV5-1 belongs to the group of high-alloyed tool steels for hot work. This choice was made as the tested steels can be considered typical representatives of their groups. Based on the test results of these three steels, which are organized in S–N curves, the fatigue behavior of the entire mentioned groups of steels can be foreseen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The procedure for identifying concrete damage plasticity material model parameters is presented in this paper. Concrete damage plasticity material model represents a constitutive model which is based on a combination of theory of plasticity and theory of damage mechanics. This material model is often used in solving geotechnical problems due to its realistic description of mechanical behavior of concrete material. Theoretical basis of concrete damage plasticity material model and material parameters identification procedure are presented in this paper. Proposed identification procedure is applied on experimental data from uniaxial compression and tension load-unload tests taken from literature. By applying experimental data, stress-strain curve is created. Based on stress-strain load-unload curve, stress-plastic strain and stress-degradation dependences are created which are necessary for material parameters identification. Using these dependences material parameters are determined. Verification of estimated parameters is performed in PAK software package using concrete damage plasticity material model. Finite element model is created for numerical simulations of uniaxial compression and tension tests. Numerical simulation results are compared with experimental data. By comparing numerical simulation results and experimental data it can be concluded that this procedure is effective for determining concrete damage plasticity model parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient memory handling is one of the key issues that engineers and programmers face in developing software for numerical analysis such as the Finite Element Method. This method operates on huge matrices that have a large number of zero coefficients which waste memory, so it is necessary to save it and to work only with non-zero coefficients using so called "SPARSE" matrices. Analysis of two methods used for the improvement of "SPARSE" matrix creation is presented in this paper and their pseudo code is given. Comparison is made on a wide range of problem sizes. Results show that "indexing" method is superior to "dotting" method both in memory usage and in elapsed time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A stress-strain history in the material of real concrete structures is usually unknown. An effect of concrete degradation is analyzed to describe how the initial degradation parameter can describe the stress-strain history. The idea is to introduce the initial damage of the structure by the degradation parameter to calculate the internal variables of the constitutive model. Six numerical examples are proposed to verify the methodology for various loading conditions. Based on the obtained results, it was shown that unknown stress-strain history could be successfully represented using the original material parameters and the initial degradation of the concrete. The stress-strain behavior of the damaged concrete is successfully simulated and essential for the structural analysis of civil engineering structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Medica Medianae is the property of Acta Medica Medianae and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the design of a concrete gravity dam, the key problem is to provide adequate stability against sliding due to the operational loads. When a dam is built on a rock mass foundation with complex geology as in the case considered in this paper, the stability analysis problem becomes considerably complicated. The analytical solution of this problem is very difficult or impossible, so it is necessary to use appropriate numerical methods. To solve such a problem in the design of a concrete gravity dam on the Ibar River nearby Kraljevo, an algorithm for elastoplastic material model was adopted and implemented in the program PAK. In order to simulate the gradual loss of stability due to the rock mass strength reduction, the shear strength reduction method was implemented and used. The analysis shows that the calculated safety factor can reach the requirements of stability against the collapse in the deep foundation layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Facta Universitatis: Series Physical Education & Sport is the property of Facta Universitatis, Series Physical Education & Sport and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The increasing market competition necessitates the creation of products of better quality with the lowest possible price. One way to achieve this is an appropriate materials selection that will enable better and cheaper product. Knowing the quality of the available materials and their characteristics, as well as tracking trends in the development of new materials, are essential parts of good engineering practice. The materials selection is not an easy task in engineering practice and it is one of the few in the process of constructing a product that is subjected to constant changes. On the other hand, the wrong materials selection in the very beginning of constructing could have irretrievable damage to the manufacturing and exploitation process. Data andinformation about materials must always be available to constructors and designers of new products, as well as to technologists. They can be found in classic literature (manuals, catalogs, standards, recommendations) or in electronically prepared databases on the computer (intranet, internet). Part of the available software tools for the selection of materials with the basic characteristics will be presented in this paper. Also, several tools will be described in more detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates how shape optimisation affects the ultimate fatigue strength of a mechanical part. The mechanical part chosen for this investigation is an axle guard of running gear elements of the Hccrrs 2x2 axle car-carrying wagon. The static and fatigue strength analysis procedure according to the UIC 517 standard and numerical methods have been applied. Material properties were determined experimentally and the necessary numerical calculations were performed by using the finite element method. The observed axle guard is exposed to low cycle fatigue. ϵ - N curves and material properties of the S355J2+N steel grade are obtained by combining theoretical formulae and a mathematical function. According to the obtained experimental and numerical results the number of cycles until failure for both shapes of axle guards is obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is the result of research and operation modeling of the new systems for cooling of cutting tools based on thermoelectric module. A copper inlay with thermoelectric module on the back side was added to a standard turning tool for metal processing. For modeling and simulating the operation of thermoelectric module, finite element method was used as a method for successful solving the problems of inhomogeneous transient temperature field on the cutting tip of lathe knives. Developed mathematical model is implemented in the software package PAK-T through which numerical results are obtained. Experimental research was done in different conditions of thermoelectric module operation. Cooling of the hot module side was done by a heat exchanger based on fluid using automatic temperature regulator. After the calculation is done, numerical results are in good agreement with experimental. It can be concluded that developed mathe-matical model can be used successfully for modeling of cooling of cutting tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper represents a solution example of a specific engineering problem using thermo-mechanical analysis. The paper provides theoretical basis of numerical solving the problem of heat conducting through continuum using the finite element method. Calculation of heat conducting using the finite element method determines the temperature field used as an input for thermo-mechanical calculation. The basic task of thermo-mechanical calculation was the identification of the cause of cracks on the powder material transport wagon. After the analysis of the wagon crack causes, repair of the cracks is suggested. Repeating of the FEM analysis on the reconstructed model confirms that the wagon satisfies the criteria of static and fatigue strength appointed by the standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the inherent stochastic nature of services execution environment within service oriented systems, a runtime adaptation of the given composition may be required. The authors investigate a runtime service adaptation mechanism based on conditional retries for orchestrated web services. The conditional retry may be issued while a concrete service within composition is executed. The retry could either invoke the same concrete service or a functionally equivalent web service that implements the same task. The authors use dynamic programming to determine the optimal time instances at which the current request should be terminated before request replication. The calculation takes into account different QoS parameters like services 'response-time distributions and cost-related parameters, and the solution optimizes the expected revenue of the composite service provider. The authors illustrate the benefits of their approach by numerical calculations, and discuss the impact of considered QoS parameters to the solution at hand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well known that endothelial shear stress affects occurrence of plaque in arteries. Lack of a method for measuring this physical quantity limits scientific understanding of this phenomenon. Application of numerical methods in this area has considerable amount of experimental verifications in terms of quantities that can be measured (velocity, pressure). On that basis we can rely on the results of endothelial shear stress calculations. The literature mainly documents the application of numerical methods to average geometries. However, arterial bifurcations are patient-specific. Moreover, occurrence of disease significantly complicates the geometry of the arteries and bifurcations. A multiblock concept provides the necessary geometrical flexibility and computational efficiency to generate patientspecific finite element models. For a particular class of problems different topologies of blocks are possible. This paper provides an overview of the possible block topologies required in finite element modeling using multiblock approach. In order to obtain accurate results of endothelial shear stress, two most general topologies are examined by numerical calculations. Favorable topology of the blocks is implemented in in-house software stl2fem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper analysis of stress and thermal-elastic-plastic strain of the drum is performed. Influence of modified thickness, yield stress and finite element model of welded joint between pipe and drum on assessment of the remaining lifetime of the drum in the thermal power plant is analyzed. Two analyses are compared. In the first, drum is modeled by shell and by 3-D finite elements with projected geometrical and material data of drum. Then, the drum is modeled by shell and by 3-D finite elements with modified thickness and yield stress. The analysis show that detailed modeling of stress concentration zones is necessary. Adequate modeling gives lower maximal effective plastic strain and increased number of cycles and, in that case, 3-D finite elements are better comparing to shell finite elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with transient non-linear heat conduction through the insulation wall of the tank for transportation of liquid aluminum. Tanks designed for this purpose must satisfy certain requirements regarding temperature of loading and unloading, during transport. Basic theoretical equations are presented, which describe the problem of heat conduction finite element analysis, starting from the differential equation of energy balance, taking into account the initial and boundary conditions of the problem. General 3-D problem for heat conduction is considered, from which solutions for two- and one-dimensional heat conduction can be obtained, as special cases. Forming of the finite element matrices using Galerkin method is briefly described. The procedure for solving equations of energy balance is discussed, by methods of resolving iterative processes of non-linear transient heat conduction. Solution of this problem illustrates possibilities of PAK-T software package, such as materials properties, given as tabular data, or analytical functions. Software also offers the possibility to solve non-linear and transient problems with incremental methods. Obtained results for different thicknesses of the tank wall insulation materials enable its comparison in regards to given conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors have carried out this research on a sample of 50 young handball students, beginners at the school of handball in Niš, aged 11 and 12. The aim of the research was to determine the canonical relations of morphological characteristics on the one hand, and tests for the evaluation of explosive strength on the other, among young handball players. The subject matter of the research was to study the extent of the influence of morphological characteristics on the achieved results of explosive strength. Ten anthropometric measures for morphological characteristics which define the longitudinal and transversal dimensionality of the skeleton and circular dimensionality and body mass. Explosive strength was evaluated by means of three tests. The results of the correlational analysis have shown that a significant canonical factor as well as a high correlation exist betvveen morphological dimensions (as the predictor system) and expiosive strength (as criterion svstem). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aluminum alloys (AA) are among the most utilized materials in engineering structures, which induces the need for careful investigation, testing, and possibilities for accurate simulation of the structure's response. AA 5083-H111 specimens were used to investigate the possibility of employing a Phase-Field Damage Model (PFDM) for the simulation of AA structures' behavior. The specimens were mechanically tested by uniaxial tensile loading tests. Based on the obtained results, the PFDM was employed with a von Mises plasticity model, implemented in the Finite Element Method software. The plasticity model was extended by modification of the hardening function defined in two-intervals: a linear hardening and a Simo-type hardening. An excellent superposition of the simulation and experimental force-displacement response was recorded. These findings suggest that the AA structures' response can be successfully simulated in the elastic-plastic domain, as well as its failure by damage being controlled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Steel structures are designed to operate in an elastic domain, but sometimes plastic strains induce damage and fracture. Besides experimental investigation, a phase-field damage model (PFDM) emerged as a cutting-edge simulation technique for predicting damage evolution. In this paper, a von Mises metal plasticity model is modified and a coupling with PFDM is improved to simulate ductile behavior of metallic materials with or without constant stress plateau after yielding occurs. The proposed improvements are: (1) new coupling variable activated after the critical equivalent plastic strain is reached; (2) two-stage yield function consisting of perfect plasticity and extended Simo-type hardening functions. The uniaxial tension tests are conducted for verification purposes and identifying the material parameters. The staggered iterative scheme, multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient, and logarithmic natural strain measure are employed for the implementation into finite element method (FEM) software. The coupling is verified by the 'one element' example. The excellent qualitative and quantitative overlapping of the force-displacement response of experimental and simulation results is recorded. The practical significances of the proposed PFDM are a better insight into the simulation of damage evolution in steel structures, and an easy extension of existing the von Mises plasticity model coupled to damage phase-field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Experience has shown that a priori created static resource allocation plans are vulnerable to runtime deviations and hence often become uneconomic or highly exceed a predefined soft deadline. The assumption of constant task execution times during allocation planning is even more unlikely in a cloud environment where virtualized resources vary in performance. Revising the initially created resource allocation plan at runtime allows the scheduler to react on deviations between planning and execution. Such an adaptive rescheduling of a many‐task application workflow is only feasible, when the planning time can be handled efficiently at runtime. In this paper, we present the static low‐complexity resource allocation planning algorithm (LCP) applicable to efficiently schedule many‐task scientific application workflows on cloud resources of different capabilities. The benefits of the presented algorithm are benchmarked against alternative approaches. The benchmark results show that LCP is not only able to compete against higher complexity algorithms in terms of planned costs and planned makespan but also outperforms them significantly by magnitudes of 2 to 160 in terms of required planning time. Hence, LCP is superior in terms of practical usability where low planning time is essential such as in our targeted online rescheduling scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phenomenological SMA material model proposed by Lagoudas [1] is modified and implemented in finite element software PAK [2]. Critical thermodynamic force is derived to match implicit integration method. All variables are derived to depend on effective values of stress, strain and martensitic volume fraction. One scalar equation need to be solved in the integration point using trial stress direction for each time step. The integration in the trial deviatoric stress direction provides possibility to solve large strain problems using the algorithms developed for small strains. Two one-dimensional and one non-proportional large strain example verified accuracy of proposed modifications. (© 2013 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrated approach of physical modelling and numerical FE simulation to the strip ironing process of aluminium alloy is applied in order to investigate the material behaviour in the deformation zone depending on different influential parameters. An original strip ironing device is developed for this purpose and a series of experiments are carried out in laboratory conditions, by varying process parameters (die angle, friction conditions, workpiece and tool material etc.). FE numerical simulations of selected experiments are performed, with the same value levels of process parameter. It enables the comprehensive analysis of process physics, monitoring of coupled influence of different process parameters on material deformation and stress fields in the wall of workpiece. Numerical results show good agreement with experimental ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]