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Whole school restorative practice (WSRP) calls for creating supportive, equitable schools, requiring broad systems change. This case study explores the journeys of three schools piloting WSRP in one Midwestern district and examines how school leaders designed and implemented within their school contexts. Schools were purposefully selected from within a three-year pilot project; data sources included annual interviews and focus groups with school leaders, and annual school reports. Each school developed a leadership team comprised of administrators and other staff who were knowledgeable of and committed to restorative justice principles. While grounded in common restorative principles, language, and approaches as part of their district's pilot project, school WSRP leaders simultaneously developed contextually-specific practices, including tailoring to learners' developmental stages. Overall, this study highlights the influential role of school leaders in navigating complexities that arise when working from a worldview that values human relationality and interconnection. Impact Statement: In this case study, school leaders' design and implementation of whole-school restorative practices (WSRP) reflected school-level contexts, including students' developmental stages, in alignment with restorative principles and values. Overall, this study highlights the influential role of school leaders in navigating whole-school change toward a worldview that values human relationality and interconnection. This study may inform how school psychologists, who often play a critical role in leading systems change initiatives in schools, can leverage their skills, knowledge, and experiences as part of WSRP leadership and implementation efforts.

Climate change is a spatial and temporarily non-uniform phenomenon that requires understanding its evolution to better evaluate its potential societal and economic impact. The value added of this paper lies in introducing a quantitative methodology grounded in the trend analysis of temperature distribution quantiles to analyze climate change heterogeneity (CCH). By converting these quantiles into time series objects, the methodology empowers the definition and measurement of various relevant concepts in climate change analysis (warming, warming typology, warming amplification and warming acceleration) in a straightforward and robust testable linear regression format. It also facilitates the introduction of new testable concepts like warming dominance to compare (globally or partially) the warming process experienced by different regions. Furthermore, the methodology holds the added significance of concurrently encompassing both temporal and spatial dimensions in temperature analysis, owing to the close alignment between unconditional quantiles and latitude measures. Applying our quantitative methodology for the period 1950-2019 to the Globe (2192 stations) and Spain (30 stations) as a benchmark region, we find that both experience a distributional warming process (beyond the standard average) but of very different types. While the Globe experiences a stronger warming in the lower temperatures than in the upper ones, Spain evolves from equal warming in the whole distribution toward a stronger warming in the upper quantiles (similar to the warming process experienced in the African continent). In the two cases, the warming process accelerates (non-linear behavior) over time and is asymmetrically amplified. Overall, although both the Globe and Spain suffer an equivalent warming process in the median (mean) temperature, Spain's warming dominates the Globe in the upper quantiles and is dominated in the lower tail of the global temperature distribution that corresponds to the Arctic region. Our climate change heterogeneity results open the door to the need for a non-uniform causal-effect climate analysis that goes beyond the standard causality in mean and for a more efficient design of the mitigation-adaptation policies. In particular, the heterogeneity found suggests these policies should contain a common global component and a clear local-regional idiosyncratic element. The latter is usually more straightforward to implement.

A quantum-electrodynamics approach is presented to describe the dynamics of electrons that exchange energy with both photon and phonon baths. Our ansatz is a dissipative quantum Liouville equation, cast in the Redfield form, with two driving terms associated with radiative and vibrational relaxation mechanisms, respectively. Remarkably, within the radiative contribution, there is a term that exactly replicates the expression derived from a semiclassical treatment where the power dissipated by the electronic density is treated as the emission from a classical dipole [Bustamante et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 087401 (2021)]. Analysis of the distinct contributions to the total radiation shows that the semiclassical emission depends on the coherences, with the remainder of the quantum-electrodynamics driving term determined by the excited populations, thus accounting for the relaxation of eigenstates or incoherent mixed states. This approach is used to investigate the response of the Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model for trans-polyacetylene to both pulsed and continuous laser irradiation. Upon excitation with a short pulse and in the absence of the vibrational mechanism, the conducting band population exhibits a stepwise relaxation, characterized by cycles of exponential decay followed by a transient subradiant state. The latter arises from the collective coupling between Bloch states featuring a quasi-continuum energy spectrum in reciprocal space. The separate examination of the semiclassical dynamics reveals that it is this contribution that is responsible for the collective behavior. If vibrational dissipation is active, following the laser pulse, the excited electrons rapidly populate the minimum of the conduction band, and the emission spectrum shifts to lower frequencies with respect to absorption. Meanwhile, continuous irradiation drives the system to a stationary state with a broad emission spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a novel multimodal and high-resolution human brain cerebellum lobule segmentation method. Unlike current tools that operate at standard resolution (1 mm3) or using mono-modal data, the proposed method improves cerebellum lobule segmentation through the use of a multimodal and ultra-high resolution (0.125 mm3) training dataset. To develop the method, first, a database of semi-automatically labelled cerebellum lobules was created to train the proposed method with ultra-high resolution T1 and T2 MR images. Then, an ensemble of deep networks has been designed and developed, allowing the proposed method to excel in the complex cerebellum lobule segmentation task, improving precision while being memory efficient. Notably, our approach deviates from the traditional U-Net model by exploring alternative architectures. We have also integrated deep learning with classical machine learning methods incorporating a priori knowledge from multi-atlas segmentation which improved precision and robustness. Finally, a new online pipeline, named DeepCERES, has been developed to make available the proposed method to the scientific community requiring as input only a single T1 MR image at standard resolution.

Background Recent trials confirmed the efficacy and safety of endovascular thrombectomy in patients with low Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS); however, evidence in tandem lesions is limited. This study evaluates endovascular thrombectomy safety and efficacy in patients with acute large‐vessel occlusion with tandem lesions, stratified by baseline ASPECTS. Methods and Results We conducted a retrospective analysis of data from 16 centers. Inclusion criteria included the following: age ≥18 years, anterior circulation tandem lesions, endovascular thrombectomy

Presentación del volumen 73 de la revista Enrahonar.

Mejorar la calidad de los servicios deportivos incrementa la participación de los atletas en los eventos deportivos. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar cómo los atletas universitarios perciben su entorno deportivo en cuanto a la gestión deportiva en relación con su género y la ubicación de la práctica deportiva, sobre la calidad de los servicios deportivos durante la Universiada Nacional 2019. El estudio adopta un enfoque cuantitativo con un diseño descriptivo correlacional. Participaron 308 atletas universitarios, los cuales respondieron el Cuestionario de Evaluación de la Calidad Percibida en Organizaciones de Servicios Deportivos Universitarios (QUNISPORT). Se realizaron análisis estadísticos detallados para investigar las diferencias en la percepción de calidad entre géneros y entre los deportes practicados en espacios cerrados y al aire libre. Los resultados destacan una alta satisfacción en la interacción con los entrenadores, reflejando una comunicación eficaz y un apoyo personalizado. Sin embargo, se identificaron deficiencias en la gestión de los servicios deportivos. Además, se encontraron diferencias significativas en la percepción de la calidad entre hombres y mujeres y entre los deportes practicados en distintos entornos. El estudio concluye que, a pesar de la valoración positiva de la relación entrenador-atleta, hay áreas clave en la gestión de servicios deportivos que requieren mejoras. Las diferencias de percepción entre géneros y tipos de deporte sugieren una necesidad de enfoques de gestión deportiva más personalizados, enfatizando en la adaptabilidad y en satisfacer las necesidades específicas de diversos grupos de atletas. Esto podría conducir a una mejora general en la experiencia deportiva en el ámbito universitario. Palabras clave: Gestión deportiva, deporte universitario, percepción de la calidad, servicios deportivos Abstract. The quality offered in sports services improves the participation of athletes in sports events. This study aimed to investigate how university athletes perceive the quality of sports services by gender and where their sport take a place at a national college tournament 2019. The study adopts a quantitative approach with a descriptive and cross-sectional design. The Questionnaire for the Evaluation of Perceived Quality in University Sports Service Organizations (QUNISPORT) was used to collect data from 308 university athletes. Detailed statistical analyses were conducted to investigate differences in quality perception between genders and between indoor and outdoor sports. The results highlight high satisfaction in the interaction with coaches, reflecting effective communication and personalized support. However, deficiencies were identified in the management of sports services. Furthermore, significant differences were found in the perception of quality between men and women and between sports practiced in different environments. The study concludes that, despite the positive assessment of the coach-athlete relationship, key areas in the management of sports services require improvement. Differences in perception between genders and types of sport suggest a need for more personalized sports management approaches, emphasizing adaptability and meeting the specific needs of diverse groups of athletes; this could lead to an overall improvement in the sports experience at the university level. Keywords: Sport management, sports university, quality perception, sport services

Background and Purpose Posterior cerebral artery occlusion (PCAo) can cause long-term disability, yet randomized controlled trials to guide optimal reperfusion strategy are lacking. We compared the outcomes of PCAo patients treated with endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) with or without intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) to patients treated with IVT alone. Methods From the multicenter retrospective Posterior cerebraL ArTery Occlusion (PLATO) registry, we included patients with isolated PCAo treated with reperfusion therapy within 24 hours of onset between January 2015 and August 2022. The primary outcome was the distribution of the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 3 months. Other outcomes comprised 3-month excellent (mRS 0–1) and independent outcome (mRS 0–2), early neurological improvement (ENI), mortality, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). The treatments were compared using inverse probability weighted regression adjustment. Results Among 724 patients, 400 received EVT+/-IVT and 324 IVT alone (median age 74 years, 57.7% men). The median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score on admission was 7, and the occluded segment was P1 (43.9%), P2 (48.3%), P3–P4 (6.1%), bilateral (1.0%), or fetal posterior cerebral artery (0.7%). Compared to IVT alone, EVT+/-IVT was not associated with improved functional outcome (adjusted common odds ratio [OR] 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.79–1.43). EVT increased the odds for ENI (adjusted OR [aOR] 1.49, 95% CI 1.05–2.12), sICH (aOR 2.87, 95% CI 1.23–6.72), and mortality (aOR 1.77, 95% CI 1.07–2.95). Conclusion Despite higher odds for early improvement, EVT+/-IVT did not affect functional outcome compared to IVT alone after PCAo. This may be driven by the increased risk of sICH and mortality after EVT.

Background and Purpose We compared the outcomes of endovascular therapy (EVT) in an extended time window in patients with large-vessel occlusion (LVO) between patients with and without pre-stroke disability. Methods In this prespecified analysis of the multinational CT for Late Endovascular Reperfusion study (66 participating sites, 10 countries between 2014 and 2022), we analyzed data from patients with acute ischemic stroke with a pre-stroke modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0–4 and LVO who underwent EVT 6–24 hours from the time last seen well. The primary outcome was the composite of functional independence (FI; mRS score 0–2) or return to the pre-stroke mRS score (return of Rankin, RoR) at 90 days. Outcomes were compared between patients with pre-stroke disability (pre-stroke mRS score 2–4) and those without (mRS score 0–1). Results A total of 2,231 patients (median age, 72 years; median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, 16) were included in the present analysis. Of these, 564 (25%) had pre-stroke disability. The primary outcome (FI or RoR) was observed in 30.7% of patients with pre-stroke disability (FI, 16.5%; RoR, 30.7%) compared to 44.1% of patients without (FI, 44.1%; RoR, 13.0%) (P

The increasing scarcity of water sources near urban areas, coupled with urbanization and population growth, necessitates the development of solutions that optimize water demand management, which entails a more accurate estimation of consumption patterns and implementing measures that promote the rational use of water. A stochastic residential water demand model was built based on the superposition of pulses of constant intensity and variable arrival time and duration applied to the microcomponent consumption at a 1-minute resolution, reflecting the aggregate system contributions to the total instantaneous demand. The model can support the planning of water supply systems (WSSs) and was calibrated using data from Brazilian institutes combined with a literature review of statistical data on users and end uses of water in Brazilian dwellings. Innovatively, it proposes using water demand forecasting to apply demand management measures evaluating the replacement of conventional devices for water-saving ones by analyzing hydrographs of 50–50,000 households, in addition to detailing the influence of the K2 peak factor. The results demonstrated a new water consumption profile with about a 40% reduction in water demand. A new equation for K2 is proposed as an alternative to estimate the demand for small populations fittingly. HIGHLIGHTS The model can support the planning of water supply systems (WSS).; From its use, it is possible to obtain essential characteristics for the dimensioning and operation of supply networks, such as maximum, average, and minimum flows, peak hours, per capita consumption, and consumption per appliance, among others.; A new formulation for the peak coefficient is available from the data used in the model.;

The aim of this study was to compare the external load of each session along competitive microcycles on an elite futsal team, considering the positions and relationships of the players. The external load of 10 elite players from a First Division team in the Spanish Futsal League (age 27.5 ± 7 years, height 1.73 ± 0.05 m, weight 70.1 ± 3.8 kg) were recorded across 30 microcycles. The players’ external loads were monitored using OLIVER devices. To analyse the external load, Levene’s test was conducted to assess the homogeneity of variances, followed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to identify differences in dependent variables across the different microcycle days and player positions. Regarding external load during the microcycle, the day with the lowest external load was MD-1, and the days with the highest external load were MD-3 and MD-4. In addition, considering playing positions, pivots exhibited the lowest loads throughout the microcycle, whereas wingers and defenders exhibited the highest loads, depending on the variables analysed. By providing reference values from elite contexts, this study offers practical insights for S&C coaches to optimize microcycles. Furthermore, it contributes to workload management strategies within sport science and public health frameworks, promoting sustainable performance and athlete wellness in futsal.

A groundbreaking remote sensing approach that uses three Bastnäsite Indices (BI) to detect rare earth elements (REEs) was initially developed using ore samples from the Sulfide Queen mine in California and later applied to various well-studied ground-based, drone-based, airborne, and spaceborne imaging spectrometers across a wide range of scales, from micrometers to tens of meters. In this work, those same innovative techniques have revealed the existence of a potential site for extracting REEs. Data from AVIRIS-NG, AVIRIS-Classic, HISUI, DESIS, EnMAP, EO-1 Hyperion, PRISMA, and EMIT were utilized to map Ivanpah Dry Lake, which is located fourteen kilometers northeast of the Sulfide Queen mine. Although this area was not previously associated with REE deposits, BI maps have indicated the presence of a site that has remained enriched in REEs for decades, suggesting an opportunity for further exploration and mining. Historically, a pipeline transported wastewater from facilities at the Sulfide Queen mine to evaporation ponds on or near Ivanpah Dry Lake, where wastewater may have contained concentrated REEs. This research highlights imaging spectroscopy not only as a valuable tool for rapidly identifying and efficiently extracting REEs, but also as a means of recovering REEs from supposed waste.

The γ decay of the elusive narrow, near-threshold proton resonance in 11B was investigated at Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (INFN) in a particle-γ coincidence experiment, using the 6Li(6Li,pγ) fusion-evaporation reaction and the GALILEO-GALTRACE setup. No clear signature was found for a possible E1 decay to the 1/21−, first-excited state of 11B, predicted by the Shell Model Embedded in the Continuum (SMEC) with a branching of 0.98−69+167×10−3 with respect to the dominant particle-decaying modes. The statistical analysis of the γ-ray spectrum provided an average upper limit of 2.37×10−3 for this γ-ray branching, with a global significance of 5σ. On the other hand, by imposing a global confidence level of 3σ, a significant excess of counts was observed for E=γ9300(20) keV, corresponding to a resonance energy of 11429(20) keV (namely 200(20) keV above the proton separation energy of 11B) and a γ-ray branching of 1.12(35)×10−3. This result is compatible with the SMEC calculations, potentially supporting the existence of a near-threshold proton resonance in 11B.

La globalización del sistema agroalimentario ha transformado la organización del trabajo en los campos y almacenes agrícolas. El almacén de manipulado y confección de frutas y hortalizas constituye un lugar clave para analizar las estrategias de acumulación de la agroindustria y sus efectos sobre la organización social del trabajo, en particular, la relación entre estas estrategias y los procesos de feminización y desvalorización del trabajo agrícola. Una desvalorización del trabajo femenino que es un elemento clave en la competitividad del sector agrícola y se apoya –y legitima– en una cultura del trabajo determinada. Este artículo examina la forma que adquiere esta relación y sus implicaciones en dos de los principales enclaves productivos agrícolas de Europa: la producción de fruta en la Región de Murcia y el cultivo de fresas y otros frutos rojos en la provincia de Huelva.

Growing up in neglectful households can impact multiple aspects of social cognition. However, research on neglect's effects on social cognition processes and their neuroanatomical correlates during adolescence is scarce. Here, we aimed to comprehensively assess social cognition processes (recognition of basic and contextual emotions, theory of mind, the experience of envy and Schadenfreude and empathy for pain) and their structural brain correlates in adolescents with legal neglect records within family-based care. First, we compared neglected adolescents (n = 27) with control participants (n = 25) on context-sensitive social cognition tasks while controlling for physical and emotional abuse and executive and intellectual functioning. Additionally, we explored the grey matter correlates of these domains through voxel-based morphometry. Compared to controls, neglected adolescents exhibited lower performance in contextual emotional recognition and theory of mind, higher levels of envy and Schadenfreude and diminished empathy. Physical and emotional abuse and executive or intellectual functioning did not explain these effects. Moreover, social cognition scores correlated with brain volumes in regions subserving social cognition and emotional processing. Our results underscore the potential impact of neglect on different aspects of social cognition during adolescence, emphasizing the necessity for preventive and intervention strategies to address these deficits in this population.

The aim of this paper is to argue that, as there is only one type of enterprise for conducting economic and social business under the co-operative model (unlike the various types of corporations available), there is a need for the different legal systems to regulate a co-operative type of company which overcomes the existing models of co-operativism (the classic model, also known as social, and the economic model, also known as functional). An organisational structure needs to be designed that is suitable for developing a co-operative project more in line with either the economic model or with the social model or based on an SME or on a large cooperative, according to the members’ needs and objectives. This involves articulating a flexible model of legal regulation of the co-operative type of society, in which co-operatives themselves can regulate themselves through the provisions approved by their members and included in their articles of association. They must only be constrained by co-operative values and principles. These are sufficiently broad to allow the formation of a cooperative society as a genuinely participatory democratic structure, free from restrictions from the past, open, attractive (from the point of view of its usefulness) and in line with the times, in which its members can see their needs met and their views represented, on the basis of mutual help. In my view, opposition to this approach has no legal or logical basis, but can only serve the interests of those who seek to avoid unwanted competition. Unless this approach is adopted, the co-operative model could be marginalised, to the benefit of truly capitalist options. Received: 28 October 2023 Accepted: 10 June 2024

Background With the expanding eligibility for endovascular therapy (EVT) of patients presenting in the late window (6–24 hours after last known well), we aimed to derive a score to predict favorable outcomes associated with EVT versus best medical management. Methods and Results A multinational observational cohort of patients from the CLEAR (Computed Tomography for Late Endovascular Reperfusion) study with proximal intracranial occlusion (2014–2022) was queried (n=58 sites). Logistic regression analyses were used to derive a 9‐point score for predicting good functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 0–2 or return to premorbid modified Rankin Scale score) at 90 days, with sensitivity analyses for prespecified subgroups conducted using bootstrapped random forest regressions. Secondary outcomes included 90‐day functional independence (modified Rankin Scale score 0–2), poor outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 5–6), and 90‐day survival. The score was externally validated with a single‐center cohort (2014–2023). Of the 3231 included patients (n=2499 EVT), a 9‐point score included age, early computed tomography ischemic changes, and stroke severity, with higher points indicating a higher probability of a good functional outcome. The areas under the curve for the primary outcome among EVT and best medical management subgroups were 0.72 (95% CI, 0.70–0.74) and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.84–0.90), respectively, with similar performance in the external validation cohort (area under the curve, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.66–0.76]). There was a significant interaction between the score and EVT for good functional outcome, functional independence, and poor outcome (all Pinteraction

Introduction: CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of embryos through microinjection is limited in efficiency because of high rates of mosaicism and off-target mutations. Electroporation has been proposed as an easier and faster procedure compared to single embryo injection. Methods: Using a synthetic guide-RNA targeting porcine NGN3, we optimized the electroporation conditions to effectively introduce CRISPR/Cas9 in porcine zygotes and evaluate its effects on mosaicism and off-targets. Results: A numerical increase in the mutation rates was observed as embryos were electroporated with increasing concentrations of gRNA (5 ng/?l, 10 ng/?l, and 25 ng/?l) and Cas9 protein (10 ng/?l, 20 ng/?l, and 50 ng/?l) (1:2ratio) without compromising embryo development. Mosaicism results assessed by long-read targeted sequencing of embryos revealed that electroporation with the highest concentration of CRISPR/Cas9 resulted in 57.14% mosaic embryos, accompanied by a significant reduction in the average allele variants (2.43 alleles per embryo) compared to the lowest concentration (4.56 alleles per embryo). Off-target results suggested that no unintended indels were observed when electroporation with the highest CRISPR/Cas9 concentration (25 ng/?l:50 ng/?l) was used. Conclusion: Embryo electroporation with 25 ng/?l:50 ng/?l of CRISPR/Cas9 targeting porcine NGN3 resulted in a very high mutation efficiency, minimal mosaicism, and no off-target mutations.

This research presents the prediction of temperatures in the chamber of a solar dryer using artificial neural networks (ANN). The dryer is a forced-flow type and indirect. Climatic conditions, temperatures, airflow, and geometric parameters were considered to build the ANN model. The model was a feed-forward network trained using a backpropagation algorithm and Levenberg–Marquardt optimization. The configuration of the optimal neural network to carry out the verification and validation processes was nine neurons in the input layer, one in the output layer, and two hidden layers of thirteen and twelve neurons each (9-13-12-1). The percentage error of the predictive model was below 1%. The predictive model has been successfully tested, achieving a predictor with good capabilities. This consistency is reflected in the relative error between the predicted and experimental temperatures. The error is below 0.25% for the model’s verification and validation. Moreover, this model could be the basis for developing a powerful real-time operation optimization tool and the optimal design for indirect solar dryers to reduce cost and time in food-drying processes.

This study evaluated the impact of a voluntary international online course in industrial design, which applied a Project-Based Learning approach, on the acquisition of competencies among second-year students in the Robotic Engineering program at the University of Alicante (UA). The course, which included participants from two other European universities, aimed to enhance both generic and specific competencies. This study measured the acquisition of nine generic and four specific competencies through two types of analysis: qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative analysis involved a survey assessing students’ self-perceived competency gains, while the quantitative analysis consisted of a written objective test that evaluated the acquisition of specific competencies. The results were compared between 43 students who did not participate in the course and 22 who did. The survey responses indicated that, for 10 out of 13 competencies, students reported an improvement in skills as a result of the course. Additionally, the average test score for participants was 77.2%, significantly higher than the 37.7% score for non-participants. These findings suggest a strong correlation between course participation and competency development, highlighting the potential benefits of international online courses in enhancing student learning outcomes in robotic engineering.

Fixed-time artificial insemination is an important technique in swine production that can improve reproductive efficiency and meat production quality through making better use of the genetic potential of breeding males and reducing the costs associated with double or multiple inseminations. Our goal was to evaluate the vaginal application of the GnRH agonist triptorelin acetate to synchronize ovulation in post-weaning sows and facilitate the implementation of a single, fixed-time insemination. In the first experiment, the efficacy of treatment with triptorelin in animals with or without signs of estrus was analyzed using a single insemination at a fixed time, compared to a control group following the standard insemination strategy. The farrowing rate was comparable between the triptorelin and control groups (100 vs. 87.50%), but triptorelin treatment without estrus had a lower rate (50%). Litter size did not differ between the groups. Estradiol and progesterone levels at 96 and 120 h post-weaning were similar in the control and triptorelin groups (p > 0.05). These results suggest that triptorelin has the potential to synchronize ovulation in pigs without affecting post-weaning hormonal profiles. In a second experiment, the objective was to evaluate the productive and economic impact of implementing a treatment with triptorelin acetate 96 h after weaning, compared to the standard insemination protocol. Sows were grouped according to treatment (control vs. triptorelin) and estrus onset (≤5 days and >5 days after weaning, which was considered late estrus). The farrowing rate was lower in the late-estrus control group than in the control and triptorelin groups, and similar to that in the late-estrus triptorelin group. No differences were found in litter size and live or dead piglets born (p > 0.05). We developed an estimation model to assess the cost/benefit of intravaginal triptorelin administration at 96 h post-weaning. The overall result was that the use of triptorelin increased the financial benefit per inseminated sow by EUR 15–20. This improvement was mainly related to an increase in the reproductive performance of the treated sows compared to the control sows and the reduction in the number of inseminations per sow. These results highlight the potential of triptorelin to optimize reproductive management in pigs, improving efficiency and economic viability.

Mdmx (Mdm4) is established as an oncogene mainly through repression of the p53 tumour suppressor. On the other hand, anti-oncogenic functions for Mdmx have also been proposed, but the underlying regulatory pathways remain unknown. Investigations into the effect of inhibitors for the NEDD8 pathway in p53 activation, human cell morphology, and in cell motility during gastrulation in Xenopus embryos revealed an anti-invasive function of Mdmx. Through stabilisation and activation of the RhoA GTPase, Mdmx is required for the anti-invasive effects of NEDDylation inhibitors. Mechanistically, through its Zn finger domain, Mdmx preferentially interacts with the inactive GDP-form of RhoA. This protects RhoA from degradation and allows for RhoA targeting to the plasma membrane for its subsequent activation. The effect is transient, as prolonged NEDDylation inhibition targets Mdmx for degradation, which subsequently leads to RhoA destabilisation. Surprisingly, Mdmx degradation requires non-NEDDylated (inactive) Culin4A and the Mdm2 E3-ligase. This study reveals that Mdmx can control cell invasion through RhoA stabilisation/activation, which is potentially linked to the reported anti-oncogenic functions of Mdmx. As inhibitors of the NEDD8 pathway are in clinical trials, the status of Mdmx may be a critical determinant for the anti-tumour effects of these inhibitors.