1. In-situ calibration of the single-photoelectron charge response of the IceCube photomultiplier tubes
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M.G. Aartsen, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J.A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, C. Alispach, K. Andeen, T. Anderson, I. Ansseau, G. Anton, C. Argüelles, J. Auffenberg, S. Axani, P. Backes, H. Bagherpour, X. Bai, A. Balagopal V., A. Barbano, S.W. Barwick, B. Bastian, V. Baum, S. Baur, R. Bay, J.J. Beatty, K.-H. Becker, J. Becker Tjus, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D.Z. Besson, G. Binder, D. Bindig, E. Blaufuss, S. Blot, C. Bohm, M. Börner, S. Böser, O. Botner, J. Böttcher, E. Bourbeau, J. Bourbeau, F. Bradascio, J. Braun, S. Bron, J. Brostean-Kaiser, A. Burgman, J. Buscher, R.S. Busse, T. Carver, C. Chen, E. Cheung, D. Chirkin, S. Choi, K. Clark, L. Classen, A. Coleman, G.H. Collin, J.M. Conrad, P. Coppin, P. Correa, D.F. Cowen, R. Cross, P. Dave, C. De Clercq, J.J. DeLaunay, H. Dembinski, K. Deoskar, S. De Ridder, P. Desiati, K.D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, M. de With, T. DeYoung, A. Diaz, J.C. Díaz-Vélez, H. Dujmovic, M. Dunkman, E. Dvorak, B. Eberhardt, T. Ehrhardt, P. Eller, R. Engel, P.A. Evenson, S. Fahey, A.R. Fazely, J. Felde, K. Filimonov, C. Finley, D. Fox, A. Franckowiak, E. Friedman, A. Fritz, T.K. Gaisser, J. Gallagher, E. Ganster, S. Garrappa, L. Gerhardt, K. Ghorbani, T. Glauch, T. Glüsenkamp, A. Goldschmidt, J.G. Gonzalez, D. Grant, Z. Griffith, S. Griswold, M. Günder, M. Gündüz, C. Haack, A. Hallgren, L. Halve, F. Halzen, K. Hanson, A. Haungs, D. Hebecker, D. Heereman, P. Heix, K. Helbing, R. Hellauer, F. Henningsen, S. Hickford, J. Hignight, G.C. Hill, K.D. Hoffman, R. Hoffmann, T. Hoinka, B. Hokanson-Fasig, K. Hoshina, F. Huang, M. Huber, T. Huber, K. Hultqvist, M. Hünnefeld, R. Hussain, S. In, N. Iovine, A. Ishihara, G.S. Japaridze, M. Jeong, K. Jero, B.J.P. Jones, F. Jonske, R. Joppe, D. Kang, W. Kang, A. Kappes, D. Kappesser, T. Karg, M. Karl, A. Karle, U. Katz, M. Kauer, J.L. Kelley, A. Kheirandish, J. Kim, T. Kintscher, J. Kiryluk, T. Kittler, S.R. Klein, R. Koirala, H. Kolanoski, L. Köpke, C. Kopper, S. Kopper, D.J. Koskinen, M. Kowalski, K. Krings, G. Krückl, N. Kulacz, N. Kurahashi, A. Kyriacou, M. Labare, J.L. Lanfranchi, M.J. Larson, F. Lauber, J.P. Lazar, K. Leonard, A. Leszczyńska, M. Leuermann, Q.R. Liu, E. Lohfink, C.J. Lozano Mariscal, L. Lu, F. Lucarelli, J. Lünemann, W. Luszczak, Y. Lyu, W.Y. Ma, J. Madsen, G. Maggi, K.B.M. Mahn, Y. Makino, P. Mallik, K. Mallot, S. Mancina, I.C. Mariş, R. Maruyama, K. Mase, R. Maunu, F. McNally, K. Meagher, M. Medici, A. Medina, M. Meier, S. Meighen-Berger, T. Menne, G. Merino, T. Meures, J. Micallef, D. Mockler, G. Momenté, T. Montaruli, R.W. Moore, R. Morse, M. Moulai, P. Muth, R. Nagai, U. Naumann, G. Neer, H. Niederhausen, M.U. Nisa, S.C. Nowicki, D.R. Nygren, A. Obertacke Pollmann, M. Oehler, A. Olivas, A. O'Murchadha, E. O'Sullivan, T. Palczewski, H. Pandya, D.V. Pankova, N. Park, P. Peiffer, C. Pérez de los Heros, S. Philippen, D. Pieloth, E. Pinat, A. Pizzuto, M. Plum, A. Porcelli, P.B. Price, G.T. Przybylski, C. Raab, A. Raissi, M. Rameez, L. Rauch, K. Rawlins, I.C. Rea, R. Reimann, B. Relethford, M. Renschler, G. Renzi, E. Resconi, W. Rhode, M. Richman, S. Robertson, M. Rongen, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, D. Ryckbosch, D. Rysewyk, I. Safa, S.E. Sanchez Herrera, A. Sandrock, J. Sandroos, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, K. Satalecka, M. Schaufel, H. Schieler, P. Schlunder, T. Schmidt, A. Schneider, J. Schneider, F.G. Schröder, L. Schumacher, S. Sclafani, D. Seckel, S. Seunarine, S. Shefali, M. Silva, R. Snihur, J. Soedingrekso, D. Soldin, M. Song, G.M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, J. Stachurska, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, R. Stein, P. Steinmüller, J. Stettner, A. Steuer, T. Stezelberger, R.G. Stokstad, A. Stößl, N.L. Strotjohann, T. Stürwald, T. Stuttard, G.W. Sullivan, I. Taboada, F. Tenholt, S. Ter-Antonyan, A. Terliuk, S. Tilav, K. Tollefson, L. Tomankova, C. Tönnis, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, A. Trettin, M. Tselengidou, C.F. Tung, A. Turcati, R. Turcotte, C.F. Turley, B. Ty, E. Unger, M.A. Unland Elorrieta, M. Usner, J. Vandenbroucke, W. Van Driessche, D. van Eijk, N. van Eijndhoven, S. Vanheule, J. van Santen, M. Vraeghe, C. Walck, A. Wallace, M. Wallraff, N. Wandkowsky, T.B. Watson, C. Weaver, A. Weindl, M.J. Weiss, J. Weldert, C. Wendt, J. Werthebach, B.J. Whelan, N. Whitehorn, K. Wiebe, C.H. Wiebusch, L. Wille, D.R. Williams, L. Wills, M. Wolf, J. Wood, T.R. Wood, K. Woschnagg, G. Wrede, D.L. Xu, X.W. Xu, Y. Xu, J.P. Yanez, G. Yodh, S. Yoshida, T. Yuan, M. Zöcklein, Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vriendenkring VUB, and Elementary Particle Physics
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electron ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,Detector modelling and simulations II (electric fields ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Monte Carlo method ,01 natural sciences ,charge distribution ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,IceCube ,0302 clinical medicine ,DESIGN ,charge ,emission ,(photomultipliers ,Instrumentation ,Photon detectors for UV ,physics.ins-det ,Mathematical Physics ,Physics ,Detector ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Charge density ,calibration [photomultiplier] ,Monte Carlo [numerical calculations] ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,photomultiplier: calibration ,Detector modelling and simulations II (electric fields, charge transport, multiplication and induction, pulse formation, electron emission, etc) ,Neutrino detector ,HPDs ,Physique des particules élémentaires ,Neutrino ,numerical calculations: Monte Carlo ,others) ,photoelectron ,Photomultiplier ,data analysis method ,pulse formation ,Visible and IR photons (vacuum) (photomultipliers, HPDs, others) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Particle detector ,IceCube Neutrino Observatory ,03 medical and health sciences ,Optics ,0103 physical sciences ,Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters ,Visible and IR photons (vacuum) (photomultipliers ,ddc:610 ,etc) ,multiplication and induction ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,business.industry ,PERFORMANCE ,visible and IR photons (vacuum) ,charge transport ,Physics and Astronomy ,electron emission ,transport ,business - Abstract
Journal of Instrumentation 15(06), P06032 (2020). doi:10.1088/1748-0221/15/06/P06032, We describe an improved in-situ calibration of the single-photoelectron charge distributions for each of the in-ice Hamamatsu Photonics R7081-02[MOD] photomultiplier tubes in the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. The characterization of the individual PMT charge distributions is important for PMT calibration, data and Monte Carlo simulation agreement, and understanding the effect of hardware differences within the detector. We discuss the single photoelectron identification procedure and how we extract the single-photoelectron charge distribution using a deconvolution of the multiple-photoelectron charge distribution., Published by Inst. of Physics, London
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- 2020
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