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A congenital abnormal connection between an accessory spleen and a gonad is called splenogonadal fusion. The parent of a 3-y-old boy brought him to King Saud Medical City because he had left scrotal swelling that had begun 1 y previously. 99mTc-sulfur colloid (SC) imaging has superior sensitivity and specificity in targeting the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, in that these are the only organs that 99mTc-SC can visualize. Furthermore, if these tissues appear anywhere other than their usual locations, such as in the case of an accessory spleen, 99mTc-SC imaging can identify them even without biopsy or-in the case of splenogonadal fusion-orchiectomy. In the current case, the patient underwent laparoscopy, the masses were removed, and orchiectomy was avoided. Histopathologic examination confirmed normal splenic tissue, matching the imaging results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper presents a quantitative approach to sensing mammographic density (MD) using single-sided portable Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). It focuses on three main techniques: spin–lattice relaxation (recovery) time (T 1), spin–spin relaxation (decay) time (T 2), and Diffusion (D) techniques by testing whether or not the aforementioned techniques are in agreement with the gold standard and with each other when used for scanning breast tissue specimens with a variety of mammographic densities (MDs). The high mammographic density (HMD), intermediate MD, and low mammographic density (LMD) regions of each slice were identified according to the mammogram images. Subsequently, the grayscale values for these regions were quantified. One region was measured from the first sample while the remaining ones were measured from the second sample. The same areas were then exposed to portable NMR, and the sequences used as following: the stimulated echo sequence for diffusion (D), the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) sequence for T 2 , and saturation recovery sequence for T 1. The correlations between the grayscale values and NMR techniques were strongly correlated. The Pearson correlation coefficient, R, of T 1 (%) versus grayscale value, D (%) versus grayscale value, and T 2 (%) versus grayscale value, was 0.91, 0.91, and 0.93, respectively. Furthermore, the relative water content of the breast slices based on T 1 , T 2 , and diffusion (D) measurements were strongly in agreement with each other. The Pearson correlation coefficient, R, of D (%) versus T 1 (%), D (%) versus T 2 (%), and T 1 (%) versus T 2 (%), was 0.984, 0.966, and 0.9868, respectively. The three pulse sequences can be employed in a portable NMR device to deliver continuous quantitative measurements of MD in breast tissue samples. As a result, the method demonstrated to be acceptable for determining the distribution of MDs among breast tissue samples without the need for additional qualitative analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Staff occupational radiation exposure is limited to 20 mSv annually to preclude tissue reaction and lower risk of cancer effect. Staff occupational exposure arises during the preparation, injection, and scanning of the patients. Recent studies reported that nuclear medicine personnel might exceed the annual dose limit in high workload and poor radiation protection circumstances. Therefore, an accurate estimation of the annual dose limit is recommended. The goal of this research is to calculate the cumulative external effective dose (mSv) per year for nuclear medicine physicians, technologists, and nurses at SPECT/CT department. A total of 15 staff worked in the nuclear medicine department at King Saud Medical City (KSMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia were evaluated for the last six years. 99mTc is used more frequently for most of the patients. The procedures include renal, cardiac scintigraphy procedures. Staff dose was quantified using calibrated thermoluminecnt dosimeters (TLD-100) with an automatic TLD reader (Harshaw 6600). Exposure to ionizing radiation was evaluated in terms of deep doses (Hp(10) were evaluated. The overall average and standard deviation of the external doses for nuclear medicine physicians, technologists' and nurses were 1.8 ± 0.7, 1.9 ± 0.6, 2.0 ± 0.9, 2.2 ± 0.8, 6.0 ± 2.8, and 3.6 ± 1.3 for the years 2015,2016,2017,2018,2019, and 2020, respectively. Technologists and nurses received higher doses of compared to the nuclear medicine physicians. Technologists and nurses involved in radionuclide preparation, patients' injection, and image acquisition. Staff annual exposure is below the annual dose limits; however, this external dose is considered high compared to the current workload. • Staff annual effective dose was estimated at nuclear medicine department equipped with two SPECT/CT systems. • External effective dose in terms of Hp(10) was monitored for six consecutive years. • Occupational exposure was quantified with thermoluminecnt dosimeters (TLD-100). • Technologists and nurses received higher doses than the nuclear medicine physicians. • Staff annual radiation from external exposure is 50% below the annual dose limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to introduce national diagnostic reference levels (NDRLs) for adult hybrid single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT-CT) in nuclear medicine (NM) departments in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The administered activity (AA) of radiopharmaceuticals, volume-weighted computed tomography dose index (CTDI vol ) and dose length product (DLP) for ten hybrid SPECT/CT examinations were collected and analysed for one year. The median of AA, CTDI vol and DLP for each dose quantity was derived and the suggested national DRLs were determined based on the 75 th percentile for all identified SPECT-CT examinations. A comparison of the defined adult NDRLs in Saudi Arabia with the published data of other countries was performed. Although there are no significant variations of the proposed NDRL of AA between countries, the proposed NDRLs of the integrated CT metrics exceed the published data in most procedures. NM departments are urged to consider optimisation for both image quality and radiation protection., (© 2023 Society for Radiological Protection. Published on behalf of SRP by IOP Publishing Limited. All rights reserved.)

One of the most common malformations of the gastrointestinal tract is Meckel diverticulum (MD). MD complications can range from minor to major, such as intestinal obstruction, intussusception, hemorrhage, ulceration, vesicodiverticular fistulae, and tumors. Bleeding from ectopic gastric mucosa is more common in children than in adults. In the current case, MD in a 25-y-old man was diagnosed by 99m Tc-pertechnetate scanning. 99m Tc-pertechnetate scanning helps to diagnose MD noninvasively and has a potential role in the evaluation of MD even in adults., (© 2023 by the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.)

A congenital abnormal connection between an accessory spleen and a gonad is called splenogonadal fusion. The parent of a 3-y-old boy brought him to King Saud Medical City because he had left scrotal swelling that had begun 1 y previously. 99m Tc-sulfur colloid (SC) imaging has superior sensitivity and specificity in targeting the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, in that these are the only organs that 99m Tc-SC can visualize. Furthermore, if these tissues appear anywhere other than their usual locations, such as in the case of an accessory spleen, 99m Tc-SC imaging can identify them even without biopsy or-in the case of splenogonadal fusion-orchiectomy. In the current case, the patient underwent laparoscopy, the masses were removed, and orchiectomy was avoided. Histopathologic examination confirmed normal splenic tissue, matching the imaging results., (© 2022 by the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.)