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Background: The link between arterial stiffness and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is receiving increasing attention, and the goal of this study was to explore the relationship among the ankle brachial index (ABI), brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (Ba-PWV), and MCI in patients with acute lacunar infarction (ALI). Methods: A total of 103 hospitalized patients with ALI were divided into a non-MCI group (n = 41) and an MCI group (n = 62) according to their Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores. A binary logistic regression model was used to assess the association among ABI, Ba-PWV, and MCI after adjusting for confounding factors. Spearman correlation was utilized to analyse the correlations between ABI, Ba-PWV, and MoCA total scores and sub-scores in ALI patients. Results: Participants with cognitive impairment had significantly higher Ba-PWV and lower ABI than those with normal cognition. Correlation analysis suggested that Ba-PWV (r = −0.854, p < 0.05) and ABI (r = 0.734, p < 0.05) were correlated with MoCA total scores; of all MoCA sub-scores, visuospatial/executive function was the most strongly correlated with the vascular variables. In the binary logistic regression analysis, Ba-PWV (odds ratio [OR] = 4.507, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.152–9.441) and ABI (OR = 1.124, 95% CI = 1.015–1.254) were significantly associated with MCI, even after adjusting for lipoprotein (a) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion: The present study suggested that a higher Ba-PWV and a lower ABI were independent risk factors for MCI in patients with ALI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies have shown the potential interactions between cerebrovascular diseases and microalbuminuria. However, the relationship between urine microalbumin and acute lacunar infarction caused by cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) remains unknown. Methods: The clinical data of 148 patients with acute lacunar infarction admitted to the Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University between April 2016 and April 2017 were analyzed. They were divided into either a CSVD group (n = 70) or a cerebral large vessel disease (CLVD) group (n = 78) according to their carotid artery B-mode ultrasonography and head magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) findings. The concentration of urinary microalbumin in both groups was determined. Statistic analysis was conducted using SAS 9.1 software (North Carolina state university, USA). A Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent risk factors for acute lacunar infarction caused by CSVD. Results: The concentration of urine microalbumin in the CSVD group (23 ± 12 mg/L) was significantly lower than that in the CLVD group (29 ± 15 mg/L) (p < 0. 01). However, there was an increasing trend for the proportion of patients with urine microalbumin concentration 10- < 30 mg/L (34.3%) in the CSVD group compared with the CLVD group (19.2%). Logistic regression analysis showed that microalbuminuria (10- < 30 mg/L) was independently associated with acute lacunar infarction caused by CSVD (OR = 3.582; 95% CI 1.347～6.274; p < 0.01). Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that in patients with acute lacunar infarction, slightly increased microalbuminuria seems to be a potential clinical marker for CSVD. The presence of microalbuminuria early may help to differentiate CSVD from stroke subtypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recent studies have suggested that cerebral ischemic infarction may contribute to the development of restless legs syndrome (RLS). This study analyzed the clinical and radiological profiles of RLS with onset after acute lacunar infarction.Methods: In this retrospective study we enrolled 244 consecutive patients with acute lacunar infarction between January 2012 and June 2014. RLS was identified and evaluated based on the International RLS Rating Scale (IRLS-RS). Individual sleep quality was assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Psychological state was also assessed using the Hamilton Depression Scale (HDS) and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAS).Results: The incidence of RLS in patients with lacunar infarction was 5.33%. Our participant group consisted of nine males and four females. Three patients had symptoms in bilateral limbs, and 10 patients had symptoms only contralateral to the cerebral infarction. The infarctions were localized to the pons, centrum semiovale, thalamus, putamen, medulla, and occipital lobe. Contralateral paralysis was found in 13 patients, and contralateral sensory deficit in seven patients. The average IRLS-RS, ESS, HDS, HAS scores were 19.07 ± 8.70, 4.69 ± 5.82, 4.38 ± 4.68, and 3.85 ± 4.76, respectively. Nine patients had diabetes mellitus. After administration of dopaminergic drugs, patients' RLS significantly improved.Conclusions: The incidence of RLS after acute lacunar infarction was 5.33%. Pons, centrum semiovale, and basal ganglia were the common locations of responsible lesions. Compared to idiopathic RLS, symptoms of RLS after acute lacunar infarction appeared more unilateral and more likely involved the arm. Moreover, diabetes mellitus may be a risk factor for RLS in stroke patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]