7 results on '"Agra, Ana Raquel"'
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2. Life-history responses of Daphnia magna Straus to binary mixtures of toxic substances: Pharmacological versus ecotoxicological modes of action
- Author
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Barata, Carlos, Baird, Donald J., Nogueira, Antonio J.A., Agra, Ana Raquel, and Soares, Amadeu M.V.M.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
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3. Adaptation of Cladocerans in metal-polluted heterogeneous environments
- Author
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Agra, Ana Raquel Santos, Soares, Amadeu, and Marti, Carlos Barata
- Subjects
Biologia ,Adaptação (Biologia) ,Tolerância (fisiologia) ,Cladoceros ,Poluição ambiental - Metais ,Ecossistemas aquáticos - Abstract
Doutoramento em Biologia No presente trabalho o cladócero Daphnia longispina foi utilizado como organismo modelo para a avaliação dos efeitos ecológicos da adaptação a ambientes contaminados por metais. Foram amostradas populações naturais de D. longispina num local sujeito à contaminação por metais e num local próximo, de referência, ambos localizados no sistema aquático na área envolvente à mina abandonada de São Domingos. Várias linhagens clonais de ambas as populações foram mantidas em laboratório, sob condições controladas, para a execução dos testes. Um dos testes realizados permitiu estudar e quantificar as diferenças na tolerância letal entre as linhagens clonadas de ambas as populações e também avaliar os custos associados. Utilizando vinte linhagens clonais de D. longispina das duas populações verificou-se que apenas clones sensíveis ao cobre estavam presentes na população de referência e clones resistentes ao cobre estavam presentes na população do local contaminado. Os custos associados à tolerância foram ilustrados pela determinação de taxas alimentares mais baixas para a população tolerante quando comparadas com as da população de referência. Outro dos testes realizados permitiu comparar as respostas de clones de populações de ambos os locais – contaminado e referência – à exposição a concentrações sub-letais do metal cobre. A tolerância evidenciada anteriormente ao nível letal foi confirmada ao nível sub-letal, com o clone proveniente da população do local contaminado evidenciando uma maior tolerância ao cobre quando comparado com os restantes clones, para todos os parâmetros analisados (taxas alimentares, consumo de oxigénio, crescimento e reprodução). Os efeitos da aclimatação ao cobre ao longo de várias gerações foram também avaliados num clone de D. longispina. Os resultados evidenciaram a existência de uma adaptação fisiológica ao cobre ao longo das várias gerações que, no entanto, apenas aumentou marginalmente a tolerância a níveis de cobre letais. Para além disso, observou-se também uma grande variação nas respostas do clone de D. longispina estudado, não só entre concentrações de cobre mas também entre gerações. Os resultados obtidos nos vários estudos realizados com linhagens clonais de ambas as populações de D. longispina reforçam a importância de integrar a temática do desenvolvimento de tolerância à poluição aquando da avaliação dos riscos ambientais e ecológicos de compostos químicos, como os metais, no meio ambiente. In the present study the cladoceran Daphnia longispina was used as a model organism to test the ecological side effects of adaptation to metal contaminated environments. D. longispina natural populations were sampled from a metal contaminated reservoir and from a nearby clean water reservoir, both belonging to the aquatic system surrounding the abandoned São Domingos cupric mine. Clonal lineages were established and maintained in the laboratory by means of asexual reproduction and were used for tests. The comparison of broad sense heritabilities and genetic correlations using up to twenty distinct clonal D. longispina lineages randomly obtained from the metal contaminated reservoir and the reference reservoir showed that only sensitive and resistant lineages to Cu were present in the reference and contaminated site, respectively. For Zn, however, both populations had a similar distribution pattern of sensitivities. Fitness costs of tolerance were illustrated by lower feeding rates of the tolerant population compared to the reference one. Another study assessing life-history responses to sublethal copper contamination in four D. longispina clones, two from a reference site and the other two from a historically copper-exposed site showed that tolerance manifested by D. longispina clones at lethal copper levels was also evident at sublethal concentrations, with the tolerant clone from impacted population showing higher tolerance to copper for all the parameters (feeding, oxygen consumption, growth and reproduction) compared to the rest of clones. The multigenerational effects of acclimation to copper were also evaluated by exposing a single clone of D. longispina originated from the reference population to copper over three consecutive generations. Results from the evaluation of its life-history performance illustrate that physiological adaptation to copper across several generations only increased marginally acute tolerance to copper. Besides that, a high variation in life-history traits was observed not only between copper treatments, but also among generations. For instance, generation had a significantly influence on the observed pattern of age at first reproduction and interact with copper in the observed variation of time and clutch size at first reproduction. Overall, the importance of studying long-term adaptation to metals in natural populations is highlighted in this study as the acquisition of genetically inherited tolerance could have associated ecological costs. The obtained results reinforce the need to integrate these issues when assessing risks posed by chemicals to the environment. FCT/FSE - SFRH/BD/12324/2003
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- 2010
4. Adaptação de Cladóceros a ambientes heterogéneos contaminados por metais
- Author
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Agra, Ana Raquel Santos, Soares, Amadeu, and Marti, Carlos Barata
- Subjects
Biologia ,Adaptação (Biologia) ,Tolerância (fisiologia) ,Cladoceros ,Poluição ambiental - Metais ,Ecossistemas aquáticos - Abstract
Doutoramento em Biologia Submitted by Bella Nolasco (bellanolasco@ua.pt) on 2011-07-28T10:50:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 4354.pdf: 2916784 bytes, checksum: 71c8b411be88dc339995f429ced50d2d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2011-07-28T10:50:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4354.pdf: 2916784 bytes, checksum: 71c8b411be88dc339995f429ced50d2d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 FCT/FSE - SFRH/BD/12324/2003
- Published
- 2010
5. Genetic costs of tolerance to metals in Daphnia longispina populations historically exposed to a copper mine drainage.
- Author
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Agra, Ana Raquel, Guilhermino, Lúcia, Soares, Amadeu M.V.M., and Barata, Carlos
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DAPHNIA , *HEAVY metal toxicology , *EFFECT of pollution on animals , *ACID mine drainage , *PYRITES , *COPPER , *ZINC , *LINEAGE , *RESERVOIRS - Abstract
The present study was conducted to assess three microevolutionary aspects of adaptation to pollution in Daphnia longispina populations historically exposed to an acid mine drainage from an abandoned pyrite mine: pollution mediated effects in acute tolerance to copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn); pollution-mediated effects on genetic variability of tolerant and physiological traits related to fitness (feeding rates); and fitness costs of tolerance measured as genetic trade-offs between tolerance and feeding rates under none and low levels of contamination. These objectives were addressed by comparing broad sense heritabilities and genetic correlations using up to 20 distinct clonal lineages randomly obtained from two populations: one located in a water reservoir contaminated by the acid mine drainage, and the other located in a nearby clean water reservoir. Results showed that only sensitive and resistant lineages to Cu were present in the reference and contaminated site, respectively. For Zn, however, both populations had a similar distribution pattern of sensitivities. Heritability values for tolerant and feeding traits across metal exposure levels was similar in both populations being in most cases greater than 50%. Fitness costs of tolerance were illustrated by lower feeding rates of the tolerant population compared to the reference one and negative genetic correlations between mean clonal feeding rates and median clonal survival time in control conditions (no added Cu or Zn). The results obtained thus support the view that tolerance to pollution is ecologically costly. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:939–946. © 2009 SETAC [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Cholinesterase and glutathione-S-transferase activities in freshwater invertebrates as biomarkers to assess pesticide contamination.
- Author
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Domingues, Inês, Agra, Ana Raquel, Monaghan, Kieran, Soares, Amadeu M. V. M., and Nogueira, António J. A.
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CHOLINESTERASES , *GLUTATHIONE transferase , *FRESHWATER invertebrates , *FRESHWATER animals , *PESTICIDES , *BIOMARKERS , *ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring , *BIOLOGICAL monitoring , *BIOLOGICAL assay - Abstract
Studies investigating the use of biomarkers in pesticide risk assessment have greatly increased in recent years; however, issues concerning the ecological meaning of enzymatic responses have proved controversial. Ideally a good biomarker response should be modulated by the environmental contaminants alone and demonstrate a predictable behavior towards certain types of toxins. As these premises are rarely observed, the present study aims to outline research that has contributed to an understanding of the behavior of two widely used biomarkers, cholinesterase and glutathione-S-transferase, describing environmental and biotic factors that affect their response in freshwater invertebrates. Studies were performed in the main classes of aquatic invertebrates with these biomarkers and conclusions were reached concerning their behavior towards the main classes of pesticides. Links between biomarker responses and conventional endpoints were evaluated so that ecological relevance could be attributed to enzymatic responses. Toxicity of mixtures was investigated, and cases of synergism and antagonism were pointed out as factors changing the expected toxicity of aquatic systems and leading to misinterpretations of biomarker responses. Finally, the use of biomarkers as a tool for biomonitoring and in situ assays was investigated, with discussion of advantages and disadvantages of their use. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:5–18. © 2009 SETAC [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. ASSESSMENT OF MERCURY IN SEDIMENTS AND IN THE BENTHIC INVERTEBRATE Micronecta scholtzi DOWNSTREAM AN ABANDONED PYRITE MINE.
- Author
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Agra, Ana Raquel, Abreu, Sizenando N., Barata, Carlos, and Soares, Amadeu M. V. M.
- Abstract
The drainage of abandoned mines leads to several ecological problems, particularly the acidification of surface freshwater systems and heavy metal contamination. Mercury (Hg) is of particular interest because of its high toxicity and its ability for bioaccumulation. This work evaluates the magnitude and pattern of Hg dissipation from an abandoned pyrite mines to the local water ecosystem by testing of the stream bottom sediments and water invertebrate Micronecta scholtzi along the pyrite-cupric mine drainage system. Overall results showed a high significant correlation (Pearson coefficient = 0.82 at p<0.05) between mercury levels in biota and those in sediments for all the sampling sites. In the sediments Hg concentrations ranged from 14.4-32.4 μg g
-1 dw decreasing downstream to 3.675.3 μg g-1 due to natural dilution. Hg concentration in M. scholtzi showed a similar trend ranging from 3.6-12.6 μg g-1 dw at the mine pit and decreasing 5 Km downstream to 0.2-1.6 μg g-1 thus reflecting the significant Hg dissipation in surface sediments. Reported Hg levels in sediments were very high and significantly above threshold limits defined by the legislation for the protection of aquatic biota. The Hg in stream sediments derived from such mining areas is potentially hazardous to the environment adjacent to the abandoned mine and this work proves that Hg is mobilised from the mines and accumulated by local water biota, posing a risk to surrounding freshwater systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2010
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