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Bu çalışma, için finansal gelişme ve gelir eşitsizliği arasındaki ilişkiyi 2000-2014 döneminde 52 ülke için araştırmaktadır. Demirgüç-Kunt ve Levine (2001) tarafından yapılan sınıflandırmaya göre 32 ülke finansal olarak az gelişmiş, 20 ülke ise finansal olarak gelişmiş olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlara göre, finansal olarak gelişmemiş ülkelerde Greenwood ve Jovanovic (1990) tarafından ortaya konulan ters-U hipotezi doğrulanırken, finansal olarak gelişmiş ülkelerde ise U-biçimli ilişkiye ulaşılmıştır., This paper investigates the relationship between financial development and income inequality for 52 countries over the period 2000-2014. 32 countries are determined as financially underdeveloped while 20 countries are determined as financially developed based on the classification made by Demirguc-Kunt and Levine(2001). According to the results, the inverted-U hypothesis suggested by Greenwood and Jovanovic(1990) is confirmed for financially underdeveloped countries while the U-shaped relationship is true for the case of financially developed countries.

The Koru deposit is a typical intermediate sulfidation base-metal (±Au) example of volcanic-volcaniclastic hosted mineralization in the Biga Peninsula and northwestern Turkey. Ore deposition was associated with the collisional and post–collisional tectonics related to the closure of the Tethys Ocean. Galena, baryte and quartz are main minerals, accompanied by minor amounts of sphalerite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, covellite and marcasite. The homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions indicates two distinct fluid pulses, one at a temperature commensurate with epithermal mineralization and boiling/near boiling conditions at c. 350 °C, with the second approximately 150–200 °C lower. Salinity in both instances was from 11.0 to 0.2 wt% NaCl. The δD and δ18O values of water in equilibrium with early quartz and fluid inclusions plot close to the magmatic water box indicating the source of the high temperature fluid was magmatic. δD and δ18O values from early and late baryte trend towards the meteoric water line (MWL), but this is not due to mixing with meteoric water, rather equilibration with alteration assemblages at decreasing temperature. LA-ICP-MS analyses of fluid inclusions reveal high Cu–Zn–Pb concentrations in the fluids, despite their low salinity, transported as chloride complexes. The range of temperatures within the early quartz and sphalerite mineralization can be explained by pressure variations during vein and fracture opening. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.

4th International Scientific Conference on Geobalcanica -- MAY 15-16, 2018 -- Ohrid, MACEDONIA, WOS: 000467951300019, Hydrothermal alteration is one of the most important steps in the exploration of precious ore deposits. In this study, it is aimed to detect the hydrothermal alteration areas and mineral contents they preserve with ASTER and Hyperion satellite images and compare the obtained results. Because of the presence of intensive hydrothermal alteration and poor vegetation, the area which is located at the northern part of Zara district of Sivas Province has been chosen as the study area. Contact zones of Argillic (Kaolinite, illite), phyllic (serisite, muscovite) and propylitic (chlorite, calsite, epidote) alteration areas were detected with field studies, petrographic and geochemical investigations. The spectral signatures of hydrothermal minerals were measured via ASD spectroradiometer from the representative samples belonging to hydrothermal alteration study areas. According to the results, obtaining the hydrothermal alteration maps from ASTER and Hyperion satellite data are in coincide with the geological map.

Bu çalışma, 27-31 Haziran 2016 tarihleri arasında Walt Disney World[Florida]’de düzenlenen 7. International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE) / International Conference on Social and Occupational Ergonomics’da bildiri olarak sunulmuştur. Workplace mobbing can adverse effects on occupational health and safety are termed psycho-social risk factors. Psycho-social risks, compared to other risk groups like physical, biological and chemical risks, the lesser-known area of occupational health and safety in Turkey. Psycho-social risks are identified as social and organizational adversary activities which emerge due to the methods applied and arranged in relation to work life that give rise to psychological and physical harms. Mobbing as psycho-social risk factors can cause many negative effects on employees in today's work life. These negative effects also results some unintended consequences such as low job satisfaction, absenteeism, aggression, anxiety, depression and some health problems. As with all hazards, mobbing (in whatever form) should be treated as a health and safety hazard and risk assessment methods should be used to prevent and control it. This paper objectives to identify the prevalence of reported workplace mobbing among a group of health workers, to evaluate the association between reported mobbing and its effect on workers' health. As a result of this study, we could come to the conclusion that the first of all we have to reduce psycho-social risks. After this achievement, we are able to say that psycho-social risks are the result of harmful effect on individual.

WOS: 000339803900002, The Copler gold deposit occurs within the stockwork of quartz hosted by the Copler granitoid (Eosen) and by surrounding metasediments of Keban metamorphic (Late Paleozoic - Early Mesozoic) and the Munzur limestones (Late Carboniferous - Early Cretaceous). Native gold accompanied by small amounts of chalcopyrite, pyrite, magnetite, maghemite, hematite, fahlerz, marcasite, bornite, galena, sphalerite, specular hematite, goethite, lepidochrosite and bravoitic pyrite within the stockwork ore veinlets. In addition, epidote (pistazite - zoisite), garnet, scapolite, chlorite, tremolite/actinolite, muscovite and opaque minerals were determined within the veinlets occurred in skarn zones. The study of fluid inclusions in quartz veinlets showed that the hydrothermal fluids contain CaCl2, MgCl2 and NaCl and the salinities of the two phases (L+V) inclusions range from 1.7 to 20.6% NaCl equivalent. Salinity values up to 44% were determined within the halite bearing three phases inclusions. Their homogenization temperature values have a wide range from 145.0 to 380.0A degrees C, indicative of catathermal/hypothermal to epithermal conditions. The delta O-18 and delta D values of the fluid inclusion waters from the Copler granitoid correspond to those assigned to Primary Magmatic Water, those from the metasediments of Keban metamorphics fall outside of the Primary Magmatic and are within the Metamorphic Water field. A sample from a quartz vein within the skarn zone hosted by the Munzur limestones has a particularly low delta D value. The results suggest that fluids derived from the granitoids were mixed with those derived from the metasediments of Keban metamorphics and the the Munzur limestones and resulting in quartz veinlets in these lithologies and the formation of stockwork ores. In view of the occurrence, the features described and processes envisaged for this study area may be applicable in similar settings., Research Foundation Council of Cumhuriyet University [M-416, M-500], This study was supported by The Research Foundation Council of Cumhuriyet University (Projects No: M-416 and M-500). Baruch Spiro (Natural History Museum, London, UK) is gratefully acknowledged for his critical reading of the manuscript and correcting the English.

Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Department of Urology1, Kayseri State Hospital, Urology Clinic2, Kayseri, Turkey Malignant fibrous histiocytoma is a rare tumor of the prostate. We present an unusual case with malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the prostate in the prostatic urethra. The patient was treated with transurethral resection of the tumor. The postoperative metastatic work up was negative

WOS: 000305856300009, PubMed: 23788855, Clinical examination is very important in the practice of medicine. In patients presenting with a supraclavicular mass, a number of diseases including cancer should be ruled out. Two patients who presented with a bulky left supraclavicular mass were evaluated. Their medical history revealed complaints attributed to lower urinary tract infection. We performed histopathological examination of the lymph nodes with radiological evaluation of the thorax and abdomen. The final diagnoses were prostate cancer in both patients. It should always be kept in mind that prostate cancer is the most frequent cancer in elderly men, and although very unusual, the presenting finding can be cervical or supraclavicular lymphadenopathy; thus clinicians should be aware of urological examinations in such cases.

This study aims to determine the long-run impact of physical and human capital on GDP by using the panel data set of 13 developed and 11 developing countries over the period 1970–2010. Gross fixed capital formation is used as physical capital indicator while education expenditures and life expectancy at birth are used as human capital indicators. Panel DOLS and FMOLS panel cointegrated regression models are exploited to detect the magnitude and sign of the cointegration relationship and compare the effect of these physical and human capital variables according to these two different country groups. As a consequence of panels DOLS and FMOLS models, the impact of physical capital and education expenditures on GDP in the developed countries is determined as higher than the impact in the developing countries. On the other hand, the impact of life expectancy at birth on GDP is determined as higher in the developing countries.

We report an unusual case of a leiomyoma of the vas deferens. A 69-year-old male patient was presented with a slowly progressive swelling of five years’ duration in the right groin. Total excision of the right inguinal mass was performed with preservation of the right testis. The patient returned home one day later with no further problems, and he was well on his postoperative control. Inguinal exploration of suspicious inguinal masses is required to confirm the benign nature of the tumor. Benign masses of spermatic cord might be excised with preservation of the testis., Vaz deferensten kaynaklanan sıradışı bir leyomiyom vakası sunuyoruz. Altmışdokuz yaşındaki erkek hasta sağ kasıkta beş yıl süreli yavaş ilerleyen şişlik ile başvurdu. Sağ testis korunarak sağ inguinal kitle tam olarak çıkarıldı. Hasta bir gün sonra herhangi bir problem gelişmeksizin eve gönderildi ve ameliyat sonrası kontrollerinde sorun yaşanmadı. Şüpheli inguinal kitlelerin benign olduklarının doğrulanabilmesi için cerrahi olarak çıkartılmaları gereklidir. Spermatik kordun benign kitleleri testis korunarak çıkartılabilir.

Objective To report a case of Klinefelter's syndrome with unilateral absence of vas deferens. Design Case report. Setting Tertiary-care infertility clinic. Patient(s) A 28-year-old man with the complaint of infertility. Intervention(s) None. Main Outcome Measure(s) Physical examination, genetic and hormonal evaluation. Result(s) Both testicles were approximately 2 mm, and unilateral vas deferens was not palpable. Hormonal evaluation revealed hypergonadotropism, and genetic studies revealed a 47,XXY karyotype and delta F508 mutation of the cystic fibrosis gene. Conclusion(s) To our knowledge there are no previous reports of both conditions (Klinefelter's syndrome and unilateral absence of vas deferens) existing simultaneously. A detailed physical examination seems mandatory for patients seeking treatment for infertility, to determine any possible deleterious health-related condition(s) for both themselves and offspring.

Introduction Although both biological and psychological factors are important in the etiologies, the underlying physiopathologies of lifelong premature ejaculation (PE) and monosymptomatic enuresis (ME) are not completely understood. Aim The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of ME in men diagnosed with lifelong PE and relationships of these two conditions. Methods Between December 2008 and November 2009, we designed a prospective randomized study in 51 patients who had presented with lifelong PE and in age-matched 106 healthy control cases without PE. If the patient declared that he ejaculated less than 1 minute more than half of his intercourse attempts, he was enrolled in the study. Main Outcome Measures All subjects included in this study underwent general and urological physical examinations and were asked about their history of ME. The frequency of enuresis was graded using the following criteria: (i) 1–2 times/week as infrequent; (ii) 3–5 times/week as moderate; and (iii) 6–7 times/week as severe. Only patients with primary ME were evaluated. Results Of the 51 premature ejaculator men, 19 (37.2%) had a history of ME. Among these 19 men, five (26.3%) had severe, six (31.6%) had moderate, and eight (42.1%) had infrequent enuresis. Of the 106 control cases, 16 (15.1%) had a history of ME and of these 16 patients, three (18.7%) had severe, five (31.2%) had moderate, and eight (50%) had infrequent enuresis. Compared with control population (15.1%), the prevalence of ME in the premature ejaculators (37.2%) was more than twofold higher ( P Conclusion We have found a significant increase in ME prevalence in lifelong premature ejaculators. A common deficiency of inhibitory signal processing in the central nervous system may underlie both inability to inhibit the ejaculation and micturition in these patients or genetic predisposition may play a significant role. Further prospective studies are needed to explain the relationship between lifelong PE and ME. Gokce A, and Ekmekcioglu O. The relationship between lifelong premature ejaculation and monosymptomatic enuresis.

WOS: 000246124600004, The Gazipasa area is covered by Paleozoic-Lower Mesozoic metaclastics and metacarbonates of the Antalya tectonostratigraphic unit, and contains carbonate-hosted lead-zinc and barite deposits. The Buyuk and Boyalik mines investigated in this study contain ore veins and veinlets of barite (80-85%) and galena (10-15%) with small amounts of sphalerite, pyrite, tetrahedrite, limonite, quartz, and calcite. Textural evidence indicates that barite was formed and mylonitized prior to the precipitation of sulfides. The latter occurred in the porous zones between the brecciated barite crystals, especially in the highly mylonitized zones. Sulfur isotopic studies indicate that the sulfur in barite and galena have been derived from different sources. The isotopic composition of sulfur in barite is very different from the sulfur in the Paleozoic rocks of the area, and resembles sea water sulfates and/or sulfate minerals from Late Triassic to the present, while the sulfur of H2S, dissolved in the hydrothermal fluid which precipitated the galena, has a similar isotopic composition to the calcareous rocks of the surrounding Paleozoic formations. Lead isotopic studies indicate that the lead in galena was derived from an upper crustal source with higher U-238/Pb-204 and Th-232/Pb-204 ratios than the average for continental crust. The Pb-isotope model ages for these deposits, range from 434 to 345 Ma (average value is 372 +/- 62 Ma), indicate a Late Ordovician to Lower Carboniferous age. These Pb isotope model ages are not in accordance with the geological data which indicate a Post-Triassic age for the mineralization. The sulfur and lead isotope results suggest that the sulfur in the barite was leached from a Late Triassic to Recent sulfate reservoir, while the sulfur and lead in galena was leached either from the Late Ordovician to Lower Carboniferous carbonate rocks of the area, or from contemporaneous sulfide deposits formed in these rocks. The galena deposits are composed of upper crustal lead deposited along fault zones in the limestones of the Permian Bickici Formation and in small cracks developed in the lower part of these limestones along the overthrust zone between the Triassic Camlica and Permian Bickici Formations. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

WOS: 000187000600007, The Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey contains over 400 massive (Kuroko-type) and vein-type Cu-Pb-Zn deposits. The Inler Yaylasi lead-zinc deposits are typical examples of the vein type and have been economically mined for 15 years. Three ore veins were identified along E-W-trending fault zones, hosted by extensively altered, Upper Cretaceous volcano-sedimentary rocks. A Tertiary granitoid intrusion occurs near the area of mineralization. The ore veins contain sphalerite, galena, and minor amounts of pyrite, chalcopyrite, fahlore, chalcocite, and covellite as ore minerals, with quartz and calcite as gangue minerals. Fluid-inclusion studies show that the salt composition, salinity, and temperature of the hydrothermal fluids changed during various mineralization episodes. The temperature and salinity of the fluid were high (average temperature of 312.9degreesC and average salinity of 7.0% NaCl equiv.), and the fluid contained CaCl2,MgCl2, and NaCl during an early episode of mineralization characterized by quartz crystallization. During the sulfide crystallization, temperature and salinity were lower (average temperature of 272.0degreesC and average salinity of 4.0% NaCl equiv.), and the salts were mainly MgCl2, NaCl, and FeCl2. During subsequent mineralization episodes, temperature and salinity were still lower (average temperature 138.5degreesC and average salinity 2.6% NaCl equiv.), and the salt content was dominated by NaCl, Na2CO3, NaHCO3, Na2SO4, and KCl. Oxygen- and hydrogen-isotope results (delta(18)O; +4.2 to +6.7parts per thousand VSMOW and delta D; -83.0 to -59.0parts per thousand VSMOW) suggest that magmatic water dominated the ore fluid. It is possible, however, that small amounts of meteoric water and/or formation water of meteoric origin were also involved. This isotopic composition may also be the result of interaction of meteoric water with magmatic rocks, as has been suggested for other deposits in the eastern Black Sea region. The decrease in temperature and salinity of the fluid and the increase in delta(18)O values of the water from 1725 to 1803 in levels also supports the hypothesis that these deposits formed where upwelling hot fluids met cold surfical fluids.

WOS: 000179531300004, The Cakmakkaya and Damarkoy copper deposits in the Murgul (Artvin) area are typical examples of Kuroko-type volcanogenic sulfide deposits that occur widely in the Eastern Pontide region of Turkey. These deposits are hosted by volcanic rocks in a sequence that consists upward of andesitic lavas, brecciated dacite tuff, covering tuff, and dacite porphyry. Mineralizations occur mainly in the form of stockwork ores that are hosted by brecciated dacite tuff. A thin stratiform ore zone and a gypsum lens occur above the stockwork in the Cakmakkaya deposit. The stockwork sulfide veinlets contain mainly pyrite and chalcopyrite, with minor sphalerite, galena, tetrahedtrite, and marcasite. Quartz is the only gangue mineral. The deposition of sulfides was largely controlled by microfracturing of the dacitic tuffs, with high concentrations especially at the intersections of fractures. The stratiform ore zone within the Cakmakkaya deposit contains ore clasts that indicate fragmentation and resedimentation of sulfides luring or after discharge of the hydrothermal fluids onto the sea floor. The ore clasts contain the same minerals as the stockwork ores. Fluid-inclusion studies indicate that the ore-forming fluids contain NaCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2. Salinities and temperatures were high during the initial deposition of the ore minerals, and decreased during later episodes of mineralization from a maximum of similar to18% (NaCl equiv) and 254degreesC to 1% (NaCl equiv) and 110degreesC during mineralization. The delta(18)O values of aqueous fluid inclusions were calculated from the measured delta(18)O values of the host quartz and the temperatures derived by microthermometry. The calculated delta(18)O (H2O) values vary in a narrow range from -2.2 to +0.2parts per thousand (SMOW). The deltaD values of the inclusion waters were measured by direct isotope determination of the water hydrogen extracted from the fluid inclusions. The deltaD values range from -61.6 to -35.5parts per thousand (SMOW) and cluster around -60parts per thousand (SMOW). These stable-isotope results of the Murgul deposits indicate that the hydrothermal solutions have a major meteoric component; however, there seems to be a small amount of sea water mixing. This study concludes that meteoric water, circulating through the continental crust underlying the volcano-sedimentary rocks, acted as mineralizing fluid, leached metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, An and Ag) and sulfur from the surrounding volcanic rocks, and precipitated sulfides and sulfates along fractures within the brecciated dacitic host rocks and at the surface of the sea floor.

Although work provides many economic and other benefits, a wide array of workplace hazards also present risks to the health and safety of people at work. These include but are not limited to, “chemicals, biological agents, physical factors, ergonomic conditions, allergens, a complex network of safety risks,” and a broad range of psychosocial risk factors. Occupational risk factors are those factors which directly or indirectly influence the health and performance of the workers. There are different risk factors associated to the working people's health within the given environment of the workplace. Participation of women at work is ensured by the laps of globalization. When we look into the role of women in today's world, women are employed in every industry and institute and hold nearly every kind of jobs. Present study aims at understanding the association between perceived occupational risk factors, safety culture and psycho-social health of working women in metal industries in Turkey. In this study, researchers try to highlight the importance of the issue in the context of Turkey and more specifically working women in metal industries. For the present study, 1750 working women were sampled from metal industries through simple random sampling by using sample size determinant formula in Turkey. The results showed that there is a positive association among perceived occupational risk factors, safety culture and Perception of safety awareness. The negative directional relation is observed between the Fatalism perception and awareness of safety and health of working women.