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Researcher's enthusiasm for developing various uncertainty theories is quite significant. Intuitionistic fuzzy soft sets are one of the most current uncertainty tools that performs admirably. The fundamental flaw in this theory is the absence of specialists, in fact that it has only one expert. To address this issue, the concept of IFSE-set theory has been developed recently. This structure is unique in the manner that it provides answers from multiple experts. This thought sparked the creation of the current research. On an intuitionistic fuzzy soft expert set, we focus our notion towards the development of algebraic structures. As a result, we constructed an intuitionistic fuzzy soft expert group (IFSE-group) for this project. We investigate the relationship between the IFSE-subgroup's identity (absolute, central, commutator) and the intuitionistic fuzzy soft expert group's identity (absolute, central, com-mutator). The article concludes with an overview of IFSE-homomorphism and provide some results on their subgroups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept or a group is of rundan1cntal itnportance in the study of algebra. Crroups which arc, f1·on1 the point of view of algebraic structure. c~~cntially the san1e are said to be ison1orphic. The ideal ain1 of finite group theory is to find all linitc group : that i ~. to ';hO\\ ho\\' to construct finite groups or every possible type. and to establish effective procedures '' h ich wi 11 detcnn i ne \\het her t \\O given fin itc groups are of the san1e type. W c added a ne\v one on all present techniques: Group Matricc". This technique is easier and shorter than the all present techniques to obtain all finite groups of the san1c finite order. Since this technique includes n1atrices, the theory can be translated to cornputational progratntning in the ruturc.

In this paper, we define soft union near-ring on a soft set by using soft sets, inclusion relation and union of sets. This new notion functions as a bridge among soft set theory, set theory and near-ring theory. We then derive its basic properties and investigate the relationship between soft intersection near-ring and soft union near-ring. Furthermore, we obtain some analog of classical near-ring theoretic concepts for soft union near-ring and give the applications of soft union near-ring to near-ring theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examined the effect of wood cutting thickness on rooting and sapling performance in black mulberry. The wood cuttings taken in December, classified into three groups according to their diameter, immersed in a 5000 ppm IBA solution for five seconds, and then planted in a sub-heated perlite condition with three replicates. Rooting ratio, number of roots and root length were measured in cuttings which were kept in perlite for 90 days. Relationship between cutting diameter and cutting weight with rooting data was examined by regression analysis. When vegetative growth was stopped; the effects of initial cutting diameter, cutting weight and root characteristics on the sapling quality expressed as plant diameter, weight and height, root length and number were evaluated by multiple regression analysis. In the study, while rooting rate in all cuttings was found to be 47.11%, the percentage of rooting was determined in thin cuttings as 28.18%, in middle thick cuttings as 63.70 and 100% in thick cuttings. Simple and multiple regression analyzes showed that there were also low relationships between the initial data like cutting diameter, cutting weight, root number and root length of rooted cuttings with sapling quality expressed as plant diameter, weight, height, root length. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reports on a hand-held volatilome analyzer for selective determination of clinically relevant biomarkers in exhaled breath. The sensing platform is based on electrospun polymer nanofiber-multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) sensing microchannels. Polymer nanofibers of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), polystyrene (PS), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) incorporated with MWCNT exhibits a stable response to interferences of humidity and CO2 and provides selective deformations upon exposure of exhaled breath target volatilomes acetone and toluene, exhibiting correlation to diabetes and lung cancer, respectively. The sensing microchannels "P1" (PVDF-MWCNT), "P2" (PS-MWCNT), and "P3" (PMMA-MWCNT) are integrated with a microfluidic cartridge (μ-card) that facilitates collection and concentration of exhaled breath. The volatilome analyzer consists of a conductivity monitoring unit, signal conditioning circuitries and a low energy display module. A combinatorial operation algorithm was developed for analyzing normalized resistivity changes of the sensing microchannels upon exposure to breath in the concentration ranges between 35 ppb and 3.0 ppm for acetone and 1 ppb and 10 ppm for toluene. Subsequently, responses of volatilomes from individuals in the different risk groups of diabetes were evaluated for validation of the proposed methodology. We foresee that proposed methodology provides an avenue for rapid detection of volatilomes thereby enabling point of care diagnosis in high-risk group individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we define soft intersection interior ideals, quasi-ideals and generalized bi-ideals of semigroups, obtain their properties and give the interrelations of them. Moreover, we characterize regular, intra-regular, completely regular, weakly regular and quasi-regular semigroups in terms of these ideals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - Scholars and practitioners have both emphasized the importance of collaboration in an innovation context. They have also largely acknowledged that the definition of common purpose is a major driver of successful collaboration, but surprisingly, researchers have put little effort into investigating the process whereby the partners define the common purpose. The purpose of this paper is to explore the generation of common purpose (GCP) in innovation partnerships. Design/methodology/approach - An action-research approach combined with modeling has been followed. The authors' research is based on an in-depth qualitative case study of a cross-industry exploratory partnership through which four partners, from very different arenas, aim to collectively define innovation projects based on micro-nanotechnologies. Based on a design reasoning framework, the mechanisms of GCP mechanism are depicted. Findings - Regarding GCP, two main interdependent facets are identified: the determination of existing intersections between the parties' concept and knowledge spaces ("Matching"); and an introspective learning process that allows the parties to transforms those spaces ("Building"). Practical implications - The better understanding of the GCP and the specific notion of "C-K profiles", which is an original way to characterize each partner involved in a partnership, should improve the capabilities of organizations to efficiently define collaborative innovation projects. Originality/value - The paper explores one of the cornerstones of successful collaboration in innovation: the process whereby several parties define the common purpose of their partnership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new resonance breaking in-fiber switch as an all-optical network component is investigated and presented. A transient grating is applied to break the transverse resonance of the fundamental waveguide mode and the power coupled into the higher order propagating mode is computed using coupled mode theory (CMT). The coupling of the modes with the grating forming beams in the evanescent region of the waveguide is investigated with four wave mixing (FWM). High conversion efficiency is calculated in the case of perfect phase matching at communication wavelength 1550 nm. The conversion efficiency of the proposed structure is considered in terms of third-order nonlinear susceptibility, and the effect of design and tuning parameters are investigated for grating forming geometry and laser beam intensity, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The statistical properties of sequences of Waiting Times generated by Non-Homogeneous Poisson Processes are investigated by means of Renewal Aging, i.e. a statistical analysis being able to detect the presence of genuine renewal events with non-Poisson statistics. The Renewal Aging features of two non-homogeneous Poisson models with different prescriptions of the rate modulation are compared. Both prescriptions are essentially periodic. In the first model, the rate is a totally deterministic and smooth harmonic function. In the second model, the rate modulation is deterministic and smooth almost everywhere, except in some singular points occurring with a periodicity affected by weak random fluctuations. The main parameter of both models is the modulation speed, defined as the ratio between the modulation period and the average Waiting Time. This allows to distinguish between slow, intermediate and fast modulation of the rate. As expected, in the very slow modulation case both models have a strongly reduced Renewal Aging, practically zero, because the analysis is affected by local clusters of Waiting Times with the same Poisson rate. In the intermediate range of modulation speeds, both models show non-zero Renewal Aging and the behavior of the two models tends to be more different as the modulation speed decreases. Going towards the fast modulation regime, the behavior of the two models becomes completely different from one another. Model I does not show a definite global Renewal Aging. On the time scale of the modulation period, local oscillations arise in the Probability Density Function and an apparent oscillating aging is also observed. However, this form of aging is not the manifestation of genuine renewal non-Poisson events, but it is related to the local oscillations. On the contrary, Model II displays Renewal Aging features in agreement with a homogeneous Renewal non-Poisson Process. It is argued that this is related to the singular points in the rate modulation of Model II, which, due to their random occurrence, could be identified with genuine critical non-Poisson events. The approach presented here could have interesting applications in problems involving dichotomous noise and, in particular, in the statistical characterization of ON–OFF fluorescence intermittency experimentally observed in complex systems, such as nano-crystals and single bio-molecules stimulated by laser fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We study the effects of an external periodic perturbation on a Poisson rate process, with special attention to the perturbation-induced sojourn-time patterns. We show that these patterns correspond to turning a memory-less sequence into a sequence with memory. The memory effects are stronger the slower the perturbation. The adoption of a de-trending technique, applied with no caution, might generate the impression that no fluctuation–periodicity correlation exists. We find that this is due to the fact that the perturbation-induced memory is a global property and that the result of a local in time analysis would not find any memory effect, insofar as the process under study is locally a Poisson process. We find that an efficient way to detect this memory effect is to analyze the moduli of the de-trended sequence. We turn the sequence to analyze into a diffusion process, and we evaluate the Shannon entropy of the resulting diffusion process. We find that both the original sequence and the suitably processed de-trended sequence yield the same dependence of entropy on time, namely, an initial scaling larger than ordinary scaling, and a sequel of weak oscillations, which are a clear signature of the external perturbation, in both cases. This is a clear indication of the fluctuation–periodicity correlation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective: Arachnoid cysts (ACs) of the craniocervical junction are extremely rare entities. This report describes a craniocervical junction AC with unusual clinical course at an unusual anatomical location.Methods: A 21-year-old man was admitted to our clinic after a craniospinal trauma. Examination was unremarkable. Computed tomography scans demonstrated mild to moderately enlarged third and the lateral ventricles, but the fourth ventricle was typically normal. Neuroimaging studies obtained after the onset of clinical symptoms revealed marked enlargement of the ventricular system and a new cyst formation at the C1-2 level which was absent before. He underwent suboccipital craniectomy and C1-2 laminectomies. The cyst was fenestrated into subarachnoid space.Results: He made a good recovery. The histopathological diagnosis was confirmed as AC.Conclusion: Due to rarity of this clinical entity, we urge readers to keep in mind the possibility of the development of this kind of AC with unusual clinical course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Arachnoid cysts (ACs) of the craniocervical junction are extremely rare entities. This report describes a craniocervical Junction AC with unusual clinical course at an unusual anatomical location. Methods: A 21-year-old man was admitted to our clinic after a craniospinal trauma. Examination was unremarkable. Computed tomography scans demonstrated mild to moderately enlarged third and the lateral ventricles, but the fourth ventricle was typically normal. Neuroimaging studies obtained after the onset of clinical symptoms revealed marked enlargement of the ventricular system and a new cyst formation at the CI-2 level which was absent before. He underwent suboccipital craniectomy and C1-2 laminectomies. The cyst was fenestrated into subarachnoid space. Results: He made a good recovery. The histopathological diagnosis was confirmed as AC. Conclusion: Due to rarity of this clinical entity, we urge readers to keep in mind the possibility of the development of this kind of AC with unusual clinical course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We present a unique case of a saccular aneurysm originating from the distal end of the right frontopolar artery (FPA).Methods: This previously healthy, 54-year-old man had sustained a mild head trauma. On admission, he was lethargic, but his neurological examination results were otherwise normal. Neuroradiological studies (including brain computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and cerebral angiography) demonstrated a distal-end aneurysm of the right FPA. The aneurysm was clipped and resected via a right frontal craniotomy.Results: The postoperative course was uneventful. Pathological examination of the resected specimen confirmed rupture of the wall of a true aneurysm. The patient's medical history was also negative for trauma in the past, previous neurological disease, and vascular collagen disorders. Routine angiography performed 30 days postoperatively demonstrated complete occlusion of the right FPA. The patient was free of focal neurological deficits.Conclusion: This case demonstrates that not all distally located aneurysms are necessarily mycotic or traumatic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Despite advances in surgical techniques in the management of the brain abscess, long-term antibiotics are as crucial to cure as the initial surgical procedure itself. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of adjuvant hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy on the duration of antibiotic treatment., Methods: Between 1999 and 2004, 13 patients with bacterial brain abscesses treated with stereotactic aspiration combined with HBO and systemic antibiotic therapy. Patients younger than 18 years of age were excluded from this study. Postoperatively, all patients were given a 4-week course of intravenous antibiotics. Additionally, patients received hyperbaric oxygen (HBO, 100% O2 at 2.5 ATA for 60 min) twice daily for five consecutive days, and an additional treatment (100% O2 at 2.5 ATA for 60 min daily) was given for 25 days., Results: There were eight male and five female patients. Their ages ranged between 18 and 71 years, with a mean of 43.9 years. The average duration of follow-up was 9.5 months (range, 8-13 mo). This treatment modality allowed infection control and healing for all 13 patients with 0% recurrence rate. HBO treatment was tolerated well, and there were no adverse effects of pressurization. At the end of the follow-up period, 12 patients had a good outcome: nine are without sequelae, and three have a mild hemiparesis but are capable of self-care. One patient has a moderate hemiparesis., Conclusion: Although the number of patients is small, this series represents the largest reported group of brain abscess patients treated with stereotactic aspiration combined with antibiotic and HBO therapy. Our preliminary results indicate that the length of time on antibiotics can be shortened with the use of HBO as an adjunctive treatment.

The diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is mainly based on the characteristic symptoms and confirmed with nerve conduction studies. Sonography can provide measurements of the increased cross-sectional area of median nerve. The use of sonography was evaluated for the diagnosis and postoperative follow up of 48 wrists in 26 consecutive patients with CTS. Clinical evaluation and sonography were effective for the diagnosis in 40 wrists. Nerve conduction studies were needed in eight wrists, because of the decrease in cross-sectional area of the nerve as a result of degenerative changes. After 3 months, sonography detected statistically significant decreases in the cross-sectional areas of the median nerves. The sonographic studies were well tolerated by all patients. Sonography was both time-saving and cost-effective.

Objective: We present a unique case of a saccular aneurysm originating from the distal end of the right frontopolar artery (FPA)., Methods: This previously healthy, 54-year-old man had sustained a mild head trauma. On admission, he was lethargic, but his neurological examination results were otherwise normal. Neuroradiological studies (including brain computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and cerebral angiography) demonstrated a distal-end aneurysm of the right FPA. The aneurysm was clipped and resected via a right frontal craniotomy., Results: The postoperative course was uneventful. Pathological examination of the resected specimen confirmed rupture of the wall of a true aneurysm. The patient's medical history was also negative for trauma in the past, previous neurological disease, and vascular collagen disorders. Routine angiography performed 30 days postoperatively demonstrated complete occlusion of the right FPA. The patient was free of focal neurological deficits., Conclusion: This case demonstrates that not all distally located aneurysms are necessarily mycotic or traumatic.

Objective: Despite advances in surgical techniques in the management of the brain abscess, long-term antibiotics are as crucial to cure as the initial surgical procedure itself. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of adjuvant hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy on the duration of antibiotic treatment., Methods: Between 1999 and 2004, 13 patients with bacterial brain abscesses treated with stereotactic aspiration combined with HBO and systemic antibiotic therapy. Patients younger than 18 years of age were excluded from this study. Postoperatively, all patients were given a 4-week course of intravenous antibiotics. Additionally, patients received hyperbaric oxygen (HBO, 100% O2 at 2.5 ATA for 60 min) twice daily for five consecutive days, and an additional treatment (100% O2 at 2.5 ATA for 60 min daily) was given for 25 days., Results: There were eight male and five female patients. Their ages ranged between 18 and 71 years, with a mean of 43.9 years. The average duration of follow-up was 9.5 months (range, 8-13 mo). This treatment modality allowed infection control and healing for all 13 patients with 0% recurrence rate. HBO treatment was tolerated well, and there were no adverse effects of pressurization. At the end of the follow-up period, 12 patients had a good outcome: nine are without sequelae, and three have a mild hemiparesis but are capable of self-care. One patient has a moderate hemiparesis., Conclusion: Although the number of patients is small, this series represents the largest reported group of brain abscess patients treated with stereotactic aspiration combined with antibiotic and HBO therapy. Our preliminary results indicate that the length of time on antibiotics can be shortened with the use of HBO as an adjunctive treatment.

This retrospective study included eight consecutive cases with C2 vertebral body neoplastic lesions. The anterior retropharyngeal approach was used to remove the lesions and decompress the spinal cord. Spinal stabilization with occipitocervical plating in a second-stage operation makes the treatment more tolerable for patients. The object of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a two-stage operation strategy for these lesions. Eight patients were operated on via anterior retropharyngeal approach and then stabilized with occipitocervical plates posteriorly in a second sitting. All neck pain and all dysphagia problems resolved. Partial neurologic improvement was achieved in three out of four patients. No postoperative infection was seen. The retropharyngeal approach to the upper cervical spine and anterior foramen magnum lesions is an effective alternative to transoral surgery because of low complication rates. Neoplastic lesions in the upper cervical spine can safely and effectively be operated with this technique. The general medical status of patients with malignancies does not permit too long, time-consuming operations. Stabilization of the spine in a separate operation increases patient tolerability without any morbidity.