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The aim of this study was to investigate the proteins found in tear film of healthy domestic cats. Schirmer tear test strips were used to collect tear samples of twelve healthy cats, which were mixed, centrifuged, and placed in a single 1.5 mL microtube that was frozen at −20°C, until analysis by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel and mass spectrometry associated with high-performance liquid chromatography. The resulting spectra were analyzed and compared with the Swiss-Prot search tool. Forty peptides were detected in the analyzed protein fragments of 90 spots, with 16 proteins identified. Of these, the authors confirmed what has been already found in other studies: lactotransferrin, serum albumin, allergenic lipocalins, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. Others were considered novel in tear film samples of all species: cyclin-dependent protein kinase, serine/arginine repetitive matrix protein, apelin receptor, secretory protein related to C1q/TNF, Wee1, α-1,4 glucan phosphorylase, and WD repeat domain 1. The network was divided into 11 clusters, and a biological function was assigned. Most of the proteins have functions in the defense and maintenance of feline ocular surface homeostasis. Serum albumin is a bottleneck protein, with a high betweenness value. This paper is a pioneer in reporting, in-depth, the tear film proteome of domestic cats.

Background Currently, various zoonotic diseases are classified as emerging or reemerging. Because equids have a direct relationship with various vectors, they are possibly more frequently exposed to zoonotic agents than are humans. The undeniable importance of diseases such as human granulocytic anaplasmosis, spotted fever, and leishmaniasis for both public and animal health, as well as the possibility of equids acting as sources, reservoirs, or even sentinels for these pathogens, justifies the detection of their frequency and factors associated with infection in equids from northeastern Brazil. Methods Blood samples were collected from 569 equids (528 horses, 33 donkeys, and 8 mules), 516 from a rural area and 53 from an urban area. Pathogen detection was carried out as follows: Borrelia spp. and Rickettsia spp., serological analysis; Leishmania spp., serological analysis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR); Anaplasma phagocytophilum, PCR. Determination of associated factors was carried out through generalized linear models. Results The frequencies of positivity for the pathogens observed in equids were as follows: Borrelia spp., 13.9% (79/569); Leishmania spp., 3.5% (20/569); Rickettsia spp. 33.4% (190/569). Regarding factors associated with infection, male sex was associated with protection against Borrelia spp.; donkeys and mules were associated with protection against Rickettsia spp., while a younger age was a risk factor. The infection of A. phagocytophilum was not detected in the sampled population. Co-infection was detected in 5.1% (29/569) of the animals. Conclusions Most of the studied pathogenic agents are present in the prospected area, indicating a possible risk for both human and animal health. This demonstrates that equids can be considered important sentinels in the assessment of pathogens with zoonotic potential in the region. Graphical Abstract

The aims of this study were to determine the seroprevalence of Sarcocystis neurona antibodies in equines in the Ilhéus-Itabuna microregion (BA), and identify possible factors associated with infection. The presence of sporocysts/oocysts of Sarcocystis spp. was also verified in Didelphis spp. A total of 669 serum samples were collected from equines in 56 properties located in 12 municipalities in the region. Indirect fluorescent antibody test was performed with slides containing merozoites of the S. neurona, using a cut-off titer of 1:80. Occurrence of 7.92% of anti-S. neurona antibodies was observed in the sampled equines. The purposes trade and work were significantly associated with the presence of antibodies (p

Considering the importance and severity of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infections, information on laboratory abnormalities can determine the prognosis of infected cats. This study aimed to determine the laboratory alterations of domiciled asymptomatics cats naturally infected by FIV and/or FeLV in Northeastern Brazil. Blood samples from 200 cats were evaluated by nested-PCR and commercial immunochromatographic test for diagnosis of these infections. Complete blood count (CBC) and serum biochemistry analyses were performed to evaluate laboratory abnormalities. CBC and biochemical values of cats tested positive for FIV and/or FeLV were tabulated for the presence or absence of changes and analyzed using the chi-square test with Yates correction or Fisher’s exact test for each variable, with a confidence interval of 95%. The total frequency was 6% (12/200) and 3% (6/200) for FIV and FeLV, respectively. The presence of hyperbilirubinemia (total, direct, and indirect) was the only change observed in cats positive for FIV compared to FIV-negative controls (p

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and factors associated to Babesia caballi, Theileria equi and Trypanosoma evansi in naturally infected equids from the northeast Brazil. Blood samples from 569 equids (528 horses, 8 mules, and 33 donkeys) were collected and tested for the presence of DNA of each of these protozoan parasites by PCR. Generalized linear models were used to evaluate risk factors associated with the infection. The frequency of T. equi infection was 83.5% (475/569) - 84.3% in horses, and 73.2% in donkeys and mules. The results of the final model indicated that age (senior group) and animal species (mule and donkey group) were protective factors against this pathogen. The frequency of B. caballi infection was 24.3% (138/569) - 23.5% in horses and 34.1% in donkeys and mules. Age (adult and senior group) was considered a protective factor against B. caballi infection whereas animal species (donkey and mule group) were considered a risk factor for the infection. Trypanosoma evansi infection was not detected in any of animals. Our results suggest that equids from the area studied may be infected earlier in life with the etiological agents of equine piroplasmosis and become asymptomatic carriers. Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivos conhecer a frequência e os fatores associados à infecção por Babesia caballi, Theileria equi e Trypanosoma evansi em equinos naturalmente infectados do nordeste do Brasil. Amostras de sangue de 569 equídeos (528 equinos, 8 muares e 33 asininos) foram coletadas e testadas para a presença do DNA destes parasitos através da PCR. Modelos lineares generalizados foram utilizados na avaliação dos fatores associados às infecções. A frequência de infecção por T. equi foi de 83,5% (475/569) -84,3% (445/528) em eqüinos e 73,2% (30/41) em asininos e muares. Os resultados do modelo final indicam idade (sênior) e espécie (muar e asinina) como possíveis fatores de proteção para este patógeno. A frequência de infecção por B. caballi foi de 24,3% (138/569) - 23,5% (124/528) em eqüinos e 34,1% (14/41) em asininos e muares. As faixas etárias (adulto e sênior) foram identificadas como possíveis fatores de proteção, e a espécie (asinina e muar) como risco para ocorrência de infecção por B. caballi. Infecções por Trypanosoma evansi não foram detectadas. Estes resultados indicam que os equídeos na região estudada se infectam precocemente com agentes da piroplasmose equina tornando-se portadores assintomáticos.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T15:26:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-10-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T15:23:31Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1984-29612018000400446.pdf: 827755 bytes, checksum: e775bdd7b08980c7b1cdd898d35b1b6e (MD5) Universidade Estadual Paulista This study aimed to determine the prevalence, factors associated, laboratory findings (with and without coinfection by retroviruses) among naturally infected cats by hemoplasmas in northeastern Brazil. For convenience, 200 domesticated and healthy cats were selected. Blood samples were taken to perform complete blood counts, serum biochemical, immunochromatography tests and nPCR for FIV and FeLV, and PCR for hemoplasma recognition. An interview was conducted to determine the factors associated with hemoplasmas. A total of 71/200 (35.5%) cats were positive for at least one hemoplasma species. Isolated infections were observed in 12,5% for ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum’, 12% for Mycoplasma haemofelis and 3% for ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis’. Regarding copositivity, 2% of the animals were positive for M. haemofelis and ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum’, 1.5% for M. haemofelis and ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis’, and 4.5% for ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum’ and ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis’. No clinical and laboratory changes were observed in the animals that were concomitantly positive for retroviruses and hemoplasmas. Periurban region cats were more likely to be infected by M. haemofelis, while contact with other cats and infection by ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis’ were associated with ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum’. This study indicates that infection by hemoplasmas is a common find in cats from northeastern Brazil. Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz – UESC, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade Departamento de Patologia Animal Universidade Estadual Júlio de Mesquita Filho – UNESP Departamento de Patologia Animal Universidade Estadual Júlio de Mesquita Filho – UNESP

Multimodal analgesia refers to the practice of combining multiple analgesic drug classes or techniques to target different points along the pain pathway. The objective of this work was to evaluate clinically if ketoprofen associated or not with intravenous or epidural morphine provided adequate postoperative analgesia in bitches undergoing ovariosalpingohysterectomy (OSH). Forty healthy female dogs, weighing 10.7±6.0 kg, sedated with acepromazine (0.05mg kg –1.iv), induced with propofol (5 mg.kg-1. iv) and maintained with isoflurane anesthesia, were distributed into four groups of 10 animals each. After stabilization of inhalation anesthesia, the bitches in Miv and CMiv groups received 0.2 mg.kg-1 of morphine intravenously diluted in 10ml of saline; whereas Mep and CMep groups received 0.1mg.kg-1 of epidural morphine. Thirty minutes after premedication, 2.0mg.kg-1.im of ketoprofen was administered in groups CMiv and CMep. Heart and respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, and rectal temperature were measured. The degree of analgesia was assessed by a blind study in the following 6 hours after surgery, using a descriptive scale and a scale composed by physiologic and behavioral parameters. An statistical analysis was performed using the Tukey-Kramer test and nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test, with statistical significance of 5%. There was no important difference between the four groups regarding postoperative analgesia, heart and respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure and rectal temperature. According to the results it can be concluded that the use of ketoprofen associated with intravenous or epidural morphine provided adequate and safe analgesia in the first six hours of postoperative in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy, suggesting that there was no analgesic potentiation when both agents were combined.

Federal University of Piaui State. Bom Jesus, PI, Brazil. Sem Afilia??o. Sem Afilia??o. Sem Afilia??o. Sem Afilia??o. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Programa de Virologia. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. Sem Afilia??o. Sem Afilia??o. Bradypus torquatus is a rare and endemic sloth species from the Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Due to a lack of medical information including hematologic reference parameters for the species, hematologic baseline values were determined using samples from 14 clinically healthy B. torquatus , under captive (n = 7) and free-living (n = 7) conditions in Bahia State, Brazil. Additionally, the morphology of the blood cells is presented, with a demonstration that the Barr body chromosome may assist with sex determination of the species. The Barr body chromosome was present in all seven females and absent in all males. Many erythrocytes were approximately the size of small lymphocytes, with red blood cells exhibiting anisocystosis, normochromia, and apparent macrocytosis, compared with domestic animals. This study provides the first published hematologic values and cell morphology for B. torquatus . However, further studies are suggested using an automated hematology analyzer with larger sample sizes so that reference intervals may be established and hematologic values better understood for sex, habitat type, and age cohorts.

Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common parasitic zoonoses throughout the world. Infection in man and animals varies in different geographical areas influenced by many environmental conditions. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in cattle in Brazil ranges from 1.03 to 71%. A cross-sectional survey was carried out in 58 out of 453 farms in the South Fluminense Paraiba Valley, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Over 3-year-old cattle (n=589) from dairy herds were selected for blood collection and detection of anti-T. gondii antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence reaction (IFA) with initial titration of 1:16; titers > 64 were considered positive. Univariate analysis of risk factors showed that cats in contact with cattle, cats in contact with drinking water, and number of cats were associated with T. gondii seroprevalence. Logistic regression revealed a two-fold increased risk for infection of cattle (p=0.0138) through larger number of cats (>3) compared with low numbers of cats (1-2) on the farm. In contrast, the presence of chickens was considered a protective factor (p=0.025).

Este estudo teve por objetivo determinar os valores hematológicos de Tayassu tajacu (catetos) mantidos em cativeiro. Foram utilizados 26 catetos, sendo 21 adultos (13 machos e 8 fêmeas) e 5 filhotes (três machos e duas fêmeas), mantidos na Fazenda Experimental do Almada e no Laboratório de Etologia Aplicada, pertencente à Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilheus, BA. Amostras de sangue foram colhidas, da veia cefálica, para realização dos hemogramas. A análise estatística foi obtida por meio do teste "t" de Student, com nível de significância de 95%. Na comparação entre os animais instalados em baias e piquetes não foi observada diferença significativa, no entanto observou-se um maior valor da proteína plasmática total nos machos (p

Este estudo tem como objetivo verificar a ocorrência de oocistos, do gênero Cryptosporidium, em bovinos leiteiros na microrregião de Ilhéus-Itabuna, Estado da Bahia, Brasil, bem como determinar os fatores predisponentes e associar a carga parasitária com a idade e a sintomatologia clínica. Foram selecionados por conveniência 11 propriedades, nas quais foram coletadas amostras de fezes de 156 animais que foram categorizados em grupos de acordo com a faixa etária. Utilizaram-se as técnicas de Centrífugo-Flutuação, com Contraste de Fase e Ziehl-Neelsen Modificada com a leitura de três lâminas para visualização e identificação dos oocistos. Os testes estatísticos utilizados foram o Qui-quadrado (c2 ) com correção de Yates e o Teste Exato de Fisher. Todas as propriedades resultaram positivas. Dos 156 animais, 136 (87,2%) foram positivos. Não houve associação frente a sexo, idade e raça, assim como manejo. Entre os positivos, apenas 09 (6,6%) apresentaram fezes diarréicas. Os animais mais jovens apresentaram maior eliminação de oocistos. Foram observados oocistos de Cryptosporidium em fezes de animais independente do manejo realizado nas propriedades analisadas. A região estudada foi considerada endêmica para esta parasitose. Sem manifestação clínica, estes animais foram considerados portadores.

Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a frequência de cães soropositivos para Neospora caninum, no município de Ilhéus, BA, e a influência da procedência dos cães com soropositividade. Coletaram-se 161 amostras de sangue dos animais, as quais foram testadas por meio da reação de imunofluorescência indireta, empregando-se um ponto de corte de 1:50. Na análise estatística foi utilizado o teste do qui-quadrado com correção de Yates. Detectaram-se dezenove (11,8%) cães soropositivos para o parasito, sendo que, entre os positivos, 21,9% eram errantes e 9,3% domiciliados (p = 0,1). Os animais residentes em áreas urbanas apresentaram uma maior soropositividade para o parasito quando comparados com os animais da área periurbana (p=0,03). Os resultados são indicativos da presença de N. caninum na região estudada. PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Caninos, fatores de risco, neosporose, prevalência. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of Neospora caninum antibodies in dogs at Ilheus Municipality, in the State of Bahia, as well as the influence of the dogs’ habitat on their seropositivity. A total of 161 blood samples were collected and the indirect immunofluorescence reaction was conducted, with a cut-off of 1:50. The statistical analysis was conducted based on the chi-square test as corrected by Yates. A seropositivity of 19 (11.8%) samples was determined, whereas 21.9% were stray animals and 9.3% house pets (p=0.1). The dogs in urban areas had a higher seropositivity than those periurban areas (p=0.03). Such results indicate the presence of N. caninum in the region.KEY WORDS: Canine, neosporosis, prevalence, risk factors.

The current study verified the prevalence of bovine cysticercosis in 142.579 slaughtered bovines in the period between August 2004 and July 2006, in a slaughter house-cold storage room, in the city of Jequié, Bahia, Brazil that has a Federal Inspection Service. Monthly nosograph maps related to the daily post-mortem, created by the Inspection Service during the period, were used. The data was submited into analysis that revealed a prevalence of 1.74% of bovine cysticercosis. From the total of 10.857 condemned organs, 5.571 (51.31%) were due the presence of cysticercus. The parasite presended a prevalence of 1.11% on the head muscles, 1.7% on the heart and 1.1% on the tongue. The cysticercosis is an importante cause of organ and carcass condemnation, on slaughtered bovines, creating significant economic profit losses and the prevalence of cysticercosis in organs and carcasses indicate the presence of human teniasis on the population of the surround area of the animals O presente estudo verificou a prevalência da cisticercose bovina em 142.579 bovinos abatidos no período de agosto de 2004 a julho de 2006, em um matadouro-frigorífico no município de Jequié, Bahia, Brasil que possui serviço de Inspeção Federal. Foram utilizados os mapas nosográficos mensais relativos aos exames pos-mortem diários realizados pelo serviço de inspeção no referido período. Os dados foram submetidas a análise que revelou uma prevalência de 1,74% para cisticercose bovina. Do total de 10.857 órgãos condenados 5.571 (51,31%) foram devido à presença dos cisticercos. O parasita apresentou prevalência de 1,11% nos músculos da cabeça, 1,7% no coração e 1,1% na língua. A cisticercose é uma importante causa de condenação de órgãos e carcaças, dos bovinos abatidos, com geração de prejuízos econômicos significativos e a prevalência de cisticercose em órgãos e carcaças indica a presença de teníase humana na população próxima aos animais.

Ehrlichiosis is a zoonotic disease that is caused by bacteria of the genus Ehrlichia. The aims of this study were to detect the presence of Ehrlichia spp. in the blood of dogs in Ituberá, Bahia, and to compare the sensitivities and specificities of blood smear, serological, and molecular examinations. Furthermore, this study identified factors associated with exposure to the agent in dogs in this locality. Blood samples were collected from 379 dogs and submitted for indirect immunofluorescent assay and polymerase chain reaction testing for the detection of Ehrlichia spp. antibodies and DNA, respectively. Additionally, a peripheral blood smear was obtained from the ear tip for parasite identification. Of the 379 animals, 12.4%, 32.7%, and 25.6% were identified as positive on the blood smear, serological, and molecular tests, respectively. The dogs positive in one of the three techniques were considered exposed (46.9%). Younger dogs and rural habitat were protective factors and presence of ticks and contact with other dogs were the risk factors associated with exposure to the agent. It was concluded that dogs of Ituberá have high positivity for Ehrlichia spp. and that the diagnostic methods used for detection are complementary. Erliquiose é uma doença zoonótica causada por bactérias do gênero Ehrlichia. O objetivo desse estudo foi detectar a presença de Ehrlichia spp. no sangue de cães em Ituberá-BA, e comparar as sensibilidades e especificidades do esfregaço sanguíneo, e testes sorológico e molecular. Além disso, esse estudo identificou fatores associados com a exposição ao agente em cães desta localidade. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas de 379 cães e submetidas à Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta e Reação em Cadeia de Polimerase para detecção de anticorpos e DNA de Ehrlichia spp., respectivamente. Adicionalmente, sangue periférico de ponta de orelha foi coletado para identificação do parasita. Dos 379 animais, 12,4%, 32,7% e 25,6% foram identificados como positivos no esfregaço sanguíneo, teste sorológico e molecular, respectivamente. Cães positivos em uma das três técnicas foram considerados expostos (46,9%). Cães mais novos e hábitat rural foram fatores de proteção e presença de carrapatos e contato com outros cães foram os fatores de risco associados à exposição ao agente. Foi concluído que, os cães do município de Ituberá têm alta positividade para Ehrlichia spp. e que os diferentes métodos diagnósticos utilizados para sua detecção são complementares.

O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência, etiologia infecciosa e os fatores de risco associados à mastite em 187 vacas, provenientes de 10 propriedades leiteiras localizadas na microrregião Itabuna-Ilhéus no estado da Bahia. Tanto as vacas quanto as propriedades foram selecionados de forma não-aleatória, e foram escolhidas 20% das vacas em lactação de cada propriedade. O teste de escolha para identificação preliminar da mastite subclínica foi o California Mastitis Test, e o diagnóstico da mastite clínica foi realizado pela observação de sinais de inflamação no úbere e a presença de alterações macroscópicas no leite. Das vacas em lactação, 74 (39,57%) estavam com mastite e 90% das propriedades analisadas tinham pelo menos um animal positivo. Os fatores de risco observados, para a ocorrência de mastite, foram a utilização do bezerro ao pé durante a ordenha (pThe objective in this study was to evaluate the occurrence, infectious etiology and risk factors associated with mastitis in 187 dairy cows from ten farms in the Microrregion Itabuna-Ilheus from the state of Bahia, Brazil. Both cows were selected as the properties of a non-random, being selected 20% of lactatin cows from each farm. The test of choice for preliminary identification of subclinical mastitis was the California Mastitis Test, the diagnosis of clinical mastitis was carried out by the observation of signs of inflammation in the udder and the presence of gross changes in milk. Of lactating cows, 74 (39.57%) were positive for mastitis and 90% of the farms analyzed had at least one positive animal. About the risk factors, it was verified that the use of the foot calf during nursing (p

The infection by Neospora caninum of different cattle breeds in dairy properties in two municipalities of the South Fluminense Paraíba Valley, state of Rio de Janeiro, was evaluated. Considering a sampling universe of 2,491 cows, blood samples were collected from 563 dairy cows in 57 farms, which were randomically selected in proportion to the number of animals, using a random stratified sampling system. For each property the number of selected cows was proportional to the herd size. Abortion or other reproductive disorders were not considered as criteria for selecting the animals, and seropositivity was determined by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A high association (p=0.006) between seropositivity and racial patterns was found. The analysis revealed that in comparison of pure black-and-white Holstein cows versus Zebu (p=0.0028), Holstein cows showed 2.65 times greater odds for seropositivity. In the same way, by comparing black-and-white Holstein versus Zebu + crossbreed Zebu/Holstein (p=0.01), it was noted that there is 2.23 times more chance for seropositivity in Holstein cattle. There were no significant differences concerning the comparison of Holstein cattle versus crossbreed Zebu/Holstein (p=0.08) or Zebu versus crossbreed Zebu/Holstein (p=0.11). This study supports the hypothesis that there is a close association between cattle breeds and the frequency of infection by N. caninum. A realização deste estudo teve como objetivo verificar a ocorrência diferenças na distribuição da infecção por Neospora caninum em bovinos leiteiros da raça Holandesa Preta e Branca e mestiços na Mesorregião Fluminense a maior bacia leiteira do Rio de Janeiro. De um total de 2.491 vacas foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 563 de forma não randomizada, pertencentes a 57 propriedades localizadas nos municípios de Resende e Rio Claro. O tamanho da amostra por propriedade foi proporcional ao número de animais alvo da mesma. O abortamento ou distúrbios reprodutivos não foram utilizados como critérios de seleção. Foi verificada associação altamente significativa entre a soropositividade e o padrão racial (p=0,006). Ao conduzir as análises entre apenas dois padrões verificou-se os seguintes resultados: HPB versus zebuínos (p=0,0028) com 2,65 mais chances de sorpositividade em bovinos HPB; HPB versus (zebuínos + Gir x Holandês) p=0,01, com 2,23 mais chances de sopositividade também na raça HPB. Não houve diferença significativa entre HPB versus Gir x Holandês (p=0,08) e entre os zebuínos e Gir x Holandês (p=0,11). Este estudo suporta a hipótese que existe uma estreita relação entre a presença da infecção e a raça européia Holandesa Preta e Branca, na região e condições em que foi desenvolvido o presente estudo.

From August 2006 to 2008, 411 dogs in northeastern Brazil were evaluated for seropositivity to Neospora caninum. The dogs were clinically examined, and their owners were interviewed about the conditions in which the animals were maintained in order to assess the factors associated with infection by this parasite. A serum sample was taken from each dog for serological examination in an indirect fluorescent antibody test for N. caninum. The Yates’ Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used to select the variables for the multivariate logistic regression model. Seropositivity was detected in 9.26% of dogs. The seropositivity rates of dogs from different environments were 2.6% (4/156) in urban areas, 13.1% (28/214) in peri-urban areas, and 14.6% (6/41) in rural areas. Factors associated with seropositivity for N. caninum were the following: contact with other dogs, access to food outside the home and residing in the peri-urban or rural environments (p