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Nawaf Osaywid Alrashidi,1 Wafy Abdulrahman Albrak,1 Shaker Osaywid Alreshidi,2 Lama Abdulrahman Alaradi,3 Hatim Adam Nagi Adam,3 Naif Mamdouh Alali,4 Faris Hashem,4 Hani Basher Albalawi,4 Ahmed Yousef Alothman,5 Shaima Sulaiman Alharbi2 1College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia; 4Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia; 5Ophthalmology Department, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Faris Hashem, Email fhashem@ut.edu.saPurpose: The study aims to assess the perception of optical spectacles use among the Ha’il region population in Saudi Arabia.Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was distributed via various social media applications to the residents of the Ha’il region. An online questionnaire was designed and included informed consent and questions assessing the participants’ perceptions about wearing eyeglasses, contact lenses, and general eye health.Results: 32.4% of the participants think that long-term eyeglasses wearing worsens vision, and 43% think eyeglasses wearing improves vision. 75.2% believe that long-term use of glasses could cause lifetime dependency on eyeglasses. Regarding contact lenses, 45.9% believe that long-term wearing worsens vision, and 24.1% think long-term wearing of contact lenses improves vision. 60% think long-term use of lenses causes lifetime dependency on those contact lenses.Conclusion: Our results highlighted the misconceptions among the study population regarding wearing prescribed eyeglasses and contact lenses. Thus, education programs and media are warranted to correct the misconceptions about spectacles and raise the awareness about refractive errors and treatment options.Keywords: refractive errors, vision impairment, eyeglasses, contact lenses

The adoption of biorenewable alternative fuel resources from biofuels (ethanol or biodiesel) has produced promising solutions to reduce some toxic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from gas turbine engines (GTEs). Despite the reduced hydrocarbon associated with adopting alternative bio-renewable fuel resources, GTE operations still emit toxic gases due to inefficient engine performance. In this study, we assess the impact of the integration of plasma combustion technology on a micro-GTE using biodiesel fuel from animal fat with the aim of addressing performance, fuel consumption, and GHG emission reduction limitations. Laboratory design, fabrication, assembly, testing, and results evaluation were conducted at Kuwait’s Public Authority for Applied Education and Training. The result indicates the lowest toxic emissions of sulfur, nitrogen oxide (NO), NO2, and CO were from the biodiesel blended fuels. The improved thermal efficiency of GTE biodiesel due to the volume of hydrogen plasma injected improves the engine’s overall combustion efficiency. Hence, this increases the compressor inlet and outlet firing temperature by 13.3 °C and 6.1 °C, respectively. The Plasma technology produced a thrust increment of 0.2 kgf for the highest loading condition, which significantly impacted horsepower and GTE engine efficiency and reduced the cost of fuel consumption.

Aim: Intestinal malrotation (IM) represents a rare congenital anomaly in adults, although it is more common during infancy. This condition originates during embryonic development due to incomplete rotation of the midgut around the superior mesenteric vessels. The primary aim of this case study is to emphasize the importance of surgeon awareness and recognition of this congenital anomaly during laparoscopic gastric surgery to avoid serious complications., Case Presentation: A 45-year-old male presented to the clinic with a complaint of vague epigastric pain for two months. The patient underwent a comprehensive clinical evaluation, including laboratory tests, endoscopic examination, and radiological imaging. The diagnostic workup revealed early-stage gastric cancer. Incidentally, radiological studies also demonstrated a congenital non-rotation of the small bowel. Given the patient's congenital anatomical anomaly, a laparoscopic total gastrectomy was performed employing a reversed C-shaped Roux-En-Y limb reconstruction. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, and the patient was discharged in stable condition., Results: The patient was doing well at the 2-year follow-up, there were no complications related to the form of anastomosis, and the pathological result was comparable to that of patients with non-rotating small bowls., Conclusions: Intestinal malrotation is an uncommon asymptomatic congenital abnormality in adults. During laparoscopic gastric surgery, the surgeon should identify this anomaly to optimize surgical approaches, particularly during anastomosis formation. Accurate identification and appropriate management of intestinal malrotation are crucial to mitigate potential postoperative complications, including twisting, obstruction, tension, and anastomosis leak.

Aim: To assess the effect of parental and peer support on children's self-esteem during the isolation period in COVID-19-infected children is the main objective of this study., Design: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. One hundred ninety children with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were included., Methods: A survey questionnaire to assess family and children's demographic characteristics was used for this study. A 13-item scale to assess parental support during the isolation period and a 10-item scale to assess peers' support during the isolation period were evaluated. Along with it, a 10-item scale to assess self-esteem during the isolation period was also measured., Results: Home isolation was associated with higher parental and peer support scores than hospital isolation. The mean age of study participants was 13.23 ± 4.05 years; 52.6% were isolated at home versus 47.4% in hospital isolation. Phone calling and WhatsApp/messenger chat were methods of communication for 44.2% and 33.2% of patients, respectively. 6.3% of them had no method of communication. Child self-esteem was significantly affected by both parental and peer support during isolation. The increase in pronounced negative psychological effects such as disorientation, anger, low self-esteem and post-traumatic distress may be caused by a lack of parental care., No Patient or Public Contribution to This Study: Patients or the general public were not involved in the design, analysis or interpretation of the data in this study. The study's aim and objectives were developed based on children's self-esteem, which was limited by questionnaire data information, so the researchers completed demographic and disease-related questionnaires by interviewing them., (© 2023 The Authors. Nursing Open published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Considering the positive influence of simulation from previous literature may encourage educators to regard it as a valuable teaching strategy in nursing schools. This literature review aims to investigate whether the use of simulation improves undergraduate nurses' self-confidence during clinical practice., Methodology: This study employed a literature-based design. Five academic databases, including CINAHL, EBSCO, ProQuest, PubMed and Medline, were utilised to extract relevant studies using appropriate keywords and Boolean operators. Studies published in the last 15 years (2005-2020) were included in the search. Studies were retrieved using the Exclusion and Inclusion criteria. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) was used to critically appraise the studies., Results: A total of 15 primary research studies were extracted for review. Four major themes emerged from the review: Improved self-confidence to carry out clinical tasks, Increased ability to work in teams, Improved self-confidence to perform community work and Improved self-confidence in communicating with patients and team members., Conclusion: Clinical simulation is a useful tool in increasing the self-confidence of nursing students to perform clinical tasks, make clinical judgements, communicate with patients and team members and improve their teamwork. To improve the quality of care received by patients, it is recommended that clinical simulations be integrated into the nursing curriculum in Saudi Arabia. Increasing the confidence of students has been shown to be associated with greater confidence in performing clinical tasks., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Background: Quality is a primary concern of health care agencies worldwide. A conducive clinical training environment is essential for nursing students to be capable of enhancing their learning experiences and achieving the desired training outcomes., Aim: This study aimed to examine the satisfaction and anxiety levels during clinical training among nursing students., Type of Study: A descriptive -analytical cross-sectional study design was utilized. The research was conducted at the Faculty of Nursing, Assiut University and Colleges of Applied Medical Sciences in Alnamas and Bisha, University of Bisha. Sampling method: A convenience sampling technique was used., Sample Size: a sample of 1052 undergraduate nursing students. The data was gathered via a structured questionnaire including the socio-demographic characteristics and nursing students' satisfaction with the hospital and laboratory training. Additionally, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) was adopted to measure the anxiety level., Results: The mean age of the studied sample was 21.9 ± 1.83 years, and 56.9% are females. Moreover, 90.1% & 76.4% of the nursing students were satisfied with their hospital and laboratory training. Furthermore, 61.1% & 54.8% of the students had mild levels of anxiety regarding their hospital training and laboratory training, respectively., Conclusion: The undergraduate nursing students had a high level of satisfaction with their clinical training at the hospitals and laboratories. Moreover, they had mild anxiety related to hospital and laboratory clinical training., Recommendations: Developing clinical orientation and training programs and improvement strategies to enhance the effectiveness of the clinical training environment. The establishment of a modern, tastefully designed, and fully stocked skill lab for the college's student training should receive more attention., Clinical Relevance: Through the provision of ongoing education about different method of practice, nursing was intended to shape future professional nurses who master core competencies of the profession. Organizations may benefit from developing a comprehensive strategy to achieve an effective teaching program., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Background Recurrent upper abdominal pain or dyspepsia is one of the patients' most common chief complaints. This study correlates the symptoms of dyspepsia to esophagogastroduodenoscopy findings among Sudanese patients attending Soba University Hospital. Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted at Soba University Hospital from April 2019 to April 2020. Patients were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Each patient filled out a standardized data collection form with data on their demographics, symptoms, and endoscopic findings. A P-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The study included 142 patients, where 57.7% (n=82) were females, and 59.9% (n=85) of the study participants were of normal body mass index. In contrast, 57% of the study participants had a symptom duration of less than six months. Approximately 95.1% (n=135) suffered from heartburn, 80.3% (n=114) suffered from epigastric fullness, and 96.5% (n=137) suffered from epigastric pain. Seventy-eight point two percent (78.2%; n=111) who suffered from epigastric pain mentioned that it increased in intensity with food, 85.9% (n=121) who suffered from epigastric pain mentioned that it decreased in intensity with food, 54.2% (n=76) of the study participants suffered from regurgitation, 59.9% (n=85) of the study participants suffered from weight loss, 52.1% (n=73) of the study participants were using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), 41.7% (n=59) of the study participants had normal esophagogastroduodenoscopy findings, followed by 35.9% (n=51) who had duodenitis or gastritis during the endoscopic assessment. Conclusion The study showed that esophagogastroduodenoscopy is not recommended in young patients without alarm symptoms who can be managed conservatively. However, every patient with alarming symptoms should have an esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Also, the study revealed that females and old-aged patients had higher rates of dyspeptic symptoms., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Yousif Alamen Abdalla et al.)

Previous studies have revealed various factors related to nurses' resilience and predictors of resilience. However, there are no studies analysing the association of three variables-mental well-being, coping strategies, and stress-with resilience. This study aims to assess the impact of mental well-being, levels of stress, and coping strategies on resilience using path analysis. This study used a cross-sectional approach that involved 763 nurses from 16 major hospitals in the eastern and northern regions of Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data gathering was conducted from August to November 2022. The staff nurses possessed positive mental wellness (3.75 ± 1.08), moderate stress levels (3.06 ± 1.21), adequate coping skills (3.33 ± 1.23), and a low level of resilience (2.90 ± 1.040). Age had a small effect on resilience (β = 0.040; p < 0.001) but work experience (β = -0.019; p > 0.139) and marital status (β = 0.019; p > 0.072) were not significant. Conversely, mental well-being (β = 0.043; p < 0.001) and stress (β = -0.089; p < 0.001) had a small effect on resilience, but coping strategies (β = 0.561; p < 0.001) had a large effect on resilience. Therefore, coping strategies must be reinforced at all times to assist nurses and other healthcare professionals in identifying contributing elements that maintain these workers' resilience in the face of unforeseen and protracted pandemics and other life events.

Introduction: As they are satisfied with life, nurses who demonstrate spiritual intelligence and well-being at work are tremendous assets to an organisation. This study aimed to determine the mediating effect of spiritual intelligence on the well-being and life satisfaction of nurses in the context of COVID-19. Methods: This research employed a cross-sectional study design. It was conducted in the Hail region of Saudi Arabia. The participants were government hospital nurses who were chosen using a multi-stage sampling method. A total of 1121 (75% response rate) nurses participated in the study. Data gathering was conducted from July to September 2022. Results: The life satisfaction level of the participants was deemed positive. Their well-being was better (10/15), and they rated high in spiritual intelligence (90/120). Life satisfaction had a strong association with well-being (r = 0.640, p < 0.001), but a weak association with spiritual intelligence (r = 0.391, p < 0.001). In comparison, well-being had a moderate association with spiritual intelligence (r = 0.551, p < 0.001). The direct effect of well-being on spiritual intelligence was positive and significant (β = 0.7817, p < 0.0001), and that of spiritual intelligence on life satisfaction was positive and significant (β = 0.1082, p = 0.0257). The direct effect of well-being on life satisfaction was also positive and significant (β = 1.5985, p < 0.0001). Conversely, well-being had an indirect impact on life satisfaction (β = 0.0846), and this effect was significant. Overall, the impact of well-being on life satisfaction was positive and significant (β = 1.6831, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: The nurses in this study were deemed satisfied, to have better well-being, and better spiritual intelligence. Life satisfaction has a strong association with well-being but a weak one with spiritual intelligence, while well-being has a moderate association with spiritual intelligence. Overall, spiritual intelligence was found to have a mediating effect on the relationship between well-being and life satisfaction. These findings suggest that an increase in spiritual growth can serve as the foundation for people to live better and more integrated lives.

Background: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) application for patients with tumors beyond the expanded indication for ESD is inconclusive. This study aimed to identify the preoperative clinical features that can be curatively treated with ESD in patients with early gastric cancer (EGC) beyond the indication of ESD., Methods: From 2006 to 2016, 673 patients who underwent gastrectomy for EGC beyond the expanded indication for ESD based on preoperative assessments were retrospectively reviewed. We identified tumors curatively resected by ESD based on the postoperative pathologic findings. We also analyzed the clinical and pre-treatment features to determine the risk factors associated with curative resection of ESD., Results: 39% of the patients (263/673) who had undergone gastrectomy had tumors of endoscopic curability A or B (eCuraA/B) that could be treated by ESD alone. In multivariate analysis, tumor size ≤ 10 mm (OR 0.240; 95% CI = 0.12-0.46), no ulceration (OR 0.500; 95% CI = 0.29-0.87), differentiated histology (OR 0.599; 95% CI = 0.43-0.84), and location in the distal two-thirds of the stomach (OR 0.499; 95% CI = 0.28-0.88) in pre-treatment assessment were identified as independent predictors of eCuraA/B. Considering the risk factors, 63.6% (7/11)/61.3% (19/31) of patients with a differentiated/undifferentiated tumor size ≤ 10 mm located in distal two-third of the stomach without ulceration were deemed as eCuraA/B., Conclusions: This study suggests that patients with EGC indicated for surgery can be treated by ESD by adding tumor locations in the indication for ESD. Thus, ESD can be applied for patients with a tumor size ≤ 10 mm located in the lower/middle stomach without ulceration., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Although numerous scholars have studied resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic, research exploring its relationship with emotional intelligence is scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the resilience and emotional intelligence (EI) of staff nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data for this quantitative correlational study were gathered from the staff nurses of hospitals in the city of Hail, Saudi Arabia. The researchers employed simple random sampling, which yielded 261 staff nurses. Nationality (t = 6.422; p < 0.001) was found to have a significant relationship with resilience. Sex (t = 5.22; p < 0.001), ward assignment (t = 5.22; p < 0.001), age (F = 6.67; p < 0.001), and years of experience (F = 6.67; p < 0.001) revealed significant relationships with emotional intelligence. Resilience had a moderate positive relationship with EI (r = 0.55; p < 0.023), a weak positive relationship with self-emotion (r = 0.21; p < 0.003), and a very strong relationship with emotional appraisal (r = 0.85; p < 0.001). Improving emotional-intelligence skills is critical for assisting nurses during pandemic outbreaks. This can increase their individual and social resilience, while also improving their professional and life outcomes. These research findings suggest that emotional intelligence should be integrated into clinical practice and that EI data should be integrated into decision-making.

No study has evaluated fluorescent lymphography for lymphadenectomy in remnant gastric cancer (RGC). This study aimed to assess the clinical application of fluorescent lymphography in minimally invasive completion total gastrectomy for RGC. Patients who had undergone minimally invasive completion total gastrectomy for RGC from 2013 to 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The perioperative outcomes and long-term prognosis were compared between patients who had undergone minimally invasive completion total gastrectomy with fluorescent lymphography (the FL group) and those without fluorescent lymphography (the non-FL group). The FL group comprised 32 patients, and the non-FL group comprised 36 patients. FL visualized lymphatics in all 32 patients without complications related to the fluorescent injection. The median number [the interquartile range] of LN retrieval was significantly higher in the FL group (17 [9.3-23.5]) than in the non-FL group (12.5 [4-17.8]); p = 0.016). The sensitivity of fluorescent lymphography in detecting metastatic LN stations was 75%, and the negative predictive value was 96.9% in the FL group. The overall relapse-free survivals were comparable between the groups ( p = 0.833 and p = 0.524, respectively). FL is an effective tool to perform a more thorough lymphadenectomy during minimally invasive completion total gastrectomy for RGC. Using FL in RGC surgery may improve surgical quality and proper staging.

Objective: To study the adrenocortical response to an acute coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection., Methods: Morning plasma cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels were measured in 28 consecutive patients with COVID-19 (16 men, 12 women, median age 45.5 years, range 25-69 years) on day 1 to 2 of hospital admission. These tests were repeated twice in 20 patients and thrice in 15 patients on different days. The hormone levels were correlated with severity of the disease., Results: The median morning cortisol level was 196 (31-587) nmol/L. It was <100 nmol/L in 8 patients (28.6%), <200 nmol/L in 14 patients (50%), and <300 nmol/L in 18 patients (64.3%). The corresponding ACTH values had a median of 18.5 ng/L (range 4-38 ng/L), and the ACTH level was <10 ng/L in 7 patients (26.9%), <20 ng/L in 17 patients (60.7%), and <30 ng/L in 23 patients (82.1%). The repeated testing on different days showed a similar pattern. Overall, if a cutoff level of <300 nmol/L is considered abnormal in the setting of acute disease, 9 patients (32%) had cortisol levels below this limit, regardless of whether the test was done only once (3 patients) or 3 times (6 patients). When the disease was more severe, the patients had lower cortisol and ACTH levels, suggesting a direct link between the COVID-19 infection and impaired glucocorticoid response., Conclusion: Unexpectedly, the adrenocortical response in patients with COVID-19 infection was impaired, and a significant percentage of the patients had plasma cortisol and ACTH levels consistent with central adrenal insufficiency., (Copyright © 2020 AACE. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Date fruits vary widely in the hardness of their edible parts and they are classified accordingly into soft, semi-dry, and dry varieties. Fruit texture, a significant parameter in determining consumer acceptance, is related to the tissue structure and chemical composition of the fruit, mainly the ratio of sucrose to reducing sugars. This study aimed to understand the relationship between the chemical composition, microstructure, and texture profile of 10 major Emirati date fruits. The soluble sugars, glucose and fructose, represent ca 80 g/100 g of the fruits on the basis of dry weight (DW) while the dietary fiber contents varied 5.2-7.4 g/100 dg D.W. with lignin being the main determinant of the variability. The textures of the samples were studied using instrumental texture profile analysis. While no correlation was found between the soluble sugar and texture parameters in this study, the different fiber constituents correlated variably with the different parameters of date fruit texture. Lignin, arabinoxylan, galactomannan, and pectin were found to correlate significantly with fruit hardness and the related parameters, gumminess and chewiness. Both lignin and arabinoxylan correlated with resilience, and arabinoxylan exhibited a strong correlation with cohesiveness.

We hypothesized that whey protein (WP) will reduce the blood glucose spike, increase satiety, and reduce subsequent energy intake. The objective of the current study was to investigate WP-glucose mixed drinks relative to glucose or WP alone on glycemic response, appetite and energy intake (EI). In Experiment 1 sweetened beverages of 300-mL solution were given to 12 normal-weight females once a week after an overnight fast at 50 g or 75 g glucose, 25 g WP or 25 g WP with 50 g glucose. In Experiment 2 similar beverages were given to 15 normal-weight and 15 overweight females at 25 g glucose, 25 g WP alone or with 25 g glucose. Blood glucose and appetite were measured simultaneously at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes in Experiment 1 and at the same time points but up to 120 minutes in Experiment 2. EI was calculated from a meal served at 180 minutes in Experiment 1. The blood glucose spike and hypoglycemia were reduced after WP and WP supplemented glucose in both normal-weight and overweight subjects resulting in smaller incremental area under the curves compared to the pure glucose (P < .05). EI was reduced after both WP drinks with or without glucose (P < .05). Changes in appetite and blood glucose at 180 minutes and blood glucose area under the curves were associated with EI. In conclusion, WP sweetened beverages attenuated blood glucose and appetite in both normal-weight and overweight females and reduced EI in normal-weight females at a 25 g level., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)