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Trucks are essential for transporting goods in today’s economy, and heavy truck technology is advancing rapidly. New advancements include electric trucks, internet of things applications, and advanced safety features. However, there are challenges with adopting emerging technologies, such as autonomous trucks and artificial intelligence, as well as issues like driver shortage, safety, fuel costs, and contamination. Despite advancements, comprehensive research is still needed to address all factors impacting the industry. In this study, we conducted a systematic analysis using the PRISMA methodology to identify and analyze the factors impacting the trucking industry to better understand future driving forces. We searched the Web of Science and Scopus databases for January 2018 to July 2024 records. We analyzed 66 out of 108 selected records using the PESTLE methodology, which examines Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, and Environmental factors. Our results show that 87% of the investigations focused on technological, social, and environmental factors, while 13% focused on other topics. Our findings show the significant impact of technology on the industry. Electric trucks introduce various implications, including fully autonomous trucks, the need for modern infrastructure, the displacement of drivers, and the demand for more advanced skills to operate increasingly high-tech trucks. The introduction of policies related to emission reduction, taxes, and subsidies for clean energy faces resistance from drivers, managers, and owners. Other key findings included the barriers to adopting alternative fuels, such as the need for charging stations and distribution networks and the need for implementing policies that support alternative energy sources.

The Chilean Patagonian lakes are characterized by their marked oligotrophic or oligomesotrophic status and low zooplankton species abundances, many of these lakes with oligomesotrophic status is associated to human intervention due towns in their shores. The aim of the present study was determine the relations between spectral properties (LANDSAT/OLI), chlorophyll and plankton abundances in two north Patagonian lakes, Villarica, that has two towns in its shore, and Caburgua, that has native forest in its shores as basis of environmental pollution monitoring tools. The results revealed that Villarica lake has high reflectances in near infrared, red and green bands, high chlorophyll (a, b and c) concentrations, and high bacterial and plankton abundances, whereas Caburgua lakes has low reflectance in the same bands, and low chlorophyll concentrations, low bacterial and plankton abundances, with exception to high mixotrophic ciliates. The obtained results agree with limnological observations about both lakes, and the comparison with spectral properties agree with similar observations for glacial north Patagonian lakes about spectral properties and zooplankton community.

Estudios realizados en comunidades rurales de la IX Región, donde habitan familias que se abastecen con agua de pozo, se han detectado índices de coliformes fecales de hasta 5400 NMP en 100 ml, especialmente en pozos de baja profundidad. Considerando la capacidad de bombeo y de filtración de la almeja de agua dulce Diplodon chilensis, se realizó esta investigación tendiente a evaluar en el laboratorio la capacidad de las almejas para disminuir los niveles de coliformes en aguas de pozo así como de digerir la carga bacteriológica. Los resultados de los experimentos llevaron a concluir que densidades de 15 y 25 ejemplares en 30 litros de agua fueron capaces de disminuir la turbidez del agua y el número más probable de coliformes en un período de 6 horas siendo además capaces de digerirlasPrevious studies carried out in rural communities in the IX Region, Chile, have detected up to 5.400 fecal coliforms by 100 ml in drinking water from wells mainly in shallow wells. Considering the pumping and water filtration capacity of the freshwater mussel Diplodon chilensis, a laboratory experiment was carried out to evaluate the capacity of the mussels to decrease coliform levels and to digest them. The experimental results showed that 15 to 25 specimens in 30 litres of water were able to diminish the water turbidity and the coliforms load in a 6 hour-period being able also to digest them

Esta investigación establece el significado institucional de referencia del máximo común divisor para estudiantes del Grado en Ingeniería Informática a través de un estudio epistemológico. Ello nos ha permitido crear una herramienta de análisis didáctico que posibilita el estudio de las características del significado pretendido en manuales representativos, a pesar de la diversidad curricular propia de la etapa universitaria. La comparativa entre manuales muestra una importante diferencia entre un texto que trabaja en entornos computacionales, donde aplicaciones informáticas y procedimientos son relevantes; frente a otro, en el que se realizan procesos de generalización, pero no se consideran aplicaciones. Destacan las restricciones en los dominios de definición y la ausencia de demostraciones en el libro más recomendado. Esto permite extraer carencias de significado y mostrar una tendencia en la enseñanza hacia la preeminencia de lo particular frente a lo general, fuente de conflictos semióticos potenciales.

El desarrollo de las habilidades de visualización espacial es un objetivo del currículo de matemáticas para la educación primaria y, en consecuencia, los profesores de este nivel educativo deben estar capacitados para diseñar y gestionar tareas instruccionales relacionadas con el tema. La finalidad de esta investigación es evaluar los conocimientos didáctico - matemáticos sobre visualización de objetos tridimensionales en una muestra de futuros profesores de educación primaria. Para ello se analizan las respuestas de 464 estudiantes del grado de Magisterio en las universidades de Granada y Jaén a un cuestionario construido con este propósito. El cuestionario está formado por 10 ítems que evalúan los conocimientos común y ampliado sobre la visualización de objetos tridimensionales y 15 que evalúan conocimientos especializados de dicho contenido relacionados con la enseñanza y aprendizaje del mismo en la educación primaria. El contenido geométrico evaluado incluye tareas sobre reconocimiento de vistas, interpretación del sistema diédrico, desarrollos, secciones de un objeto y cuerpos revolución. El análisis cuantitativo de las respuestas permite informar sobre las características psicométricas del instrumento (fiabilidad y estructura factorial) y realizar un estudio comparativo de los conocimientos de los estudiantes según universidades, género y contenidos geométricos de los ítems. Los resultados muestran un bajo nivel de conocimiento geométrico, que sugiere la necesidad de diseñar acciones formativas específicas sobre estos contenidos en los actuales planes de formación de maestros. La inclusión como anexo del cuestionario construido permitirá realizar replicaciones de esta investigación en otros contextos y usar los ítems como reactivos para promover el desarrollo de los conocimientos sobre visualización de objetos tridimensionales y de la enseñanza del tema. Una mejora del estudio, en su faceta evaluativa, sería incluir una muestra más amplia de universidades, controlando explícitamente la distribución aleatoria y representativa de las muestras seleccionadas. Así mismo, el cuestionario se puede ampliar para contemplar aspectos relativos a las facetas afectiva, mediacional y curricular del conocimiento didáctico - matemático.

Searching for positive selection signals across genomes has identified functional genetic variants responding to environmental change. In Native Americans of Mexico, we used the fixation index (Fst) and population branch statistic (PBS) to identify SNPs suggesting positive selection. The 103 most differentiated SNPs were tested for associations with metabolic traits, the most significant association was FADS2/rs174616 with body mass index (BMI). This variant lies within a linkage disequilibrium (LD) block independent of previously reported FADS selection signals and has not been clearly associated with metabolic phenotypes. We tested this variant in two independent cohorts with cardiometabolic data. In the Genetics of Atherosclerotic Disease (GEA) cohort, the derived allele (T) was associated with increased BMI, lower LDL-C levels and a decreased risk of subclinical atherosclerosis in women. Significant gene-diet interactions affected lipid, apolipoprotein and adiponectin levels with differences according to sex, involving mainly total and complex dietary carbohydrate%. In the Genotype-related Effects of PUFA trial, the derived allele was associated with lower Δ-6 desaturase activity and erythrocyte membrane dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) levels, and with increased Δ-5 desaturase activity and eicosapentaenoic acid levels. This variant interacted with dietary carbohydrate% affecting Δ-6 desaturase activity. Notably, the relationship of DGLA and other erythrocyte membrane LC-PUFA indices with HOMA-IR differed according to rs174616 genotype, which has implications regarding how these indices should be interpreted. In conclusion, this observational study identified rs174616 as a signal suggesting selection in an independent linkage disequilibrium block, was associated with cardiometabolic and erythrocyte measurements of LC-PUFA in two independent Mexican cohorts and showed significant gene-diet interactions.

El presente estudio caracterizó el perfil dermatoglífico y somatotipo de 12 atletas universitarios, pertenecientes a la selección de atletismo de la universidad Santo Tomás, sede Bogotá. Se identificaron las características dermatoglíficas, acorde al protocolo de Cummins & Midlo (1942) para obtener los tipos de diseños de las impresiones digitales (A= 0,3; ± 0,7; L= 6,9 ± 2,6 y W= 2,8 ± 2,9) y a su vez la suma de la cantidad total de líneas ( SCTL= 170,6 ± 95,1) y por último, el índice delta (D10= 12,4 ± 3,3). Para el somatotipo, se tuvo en cuenta el protocolo de Heath & Carter (1990). Endomorfia en (2,5 ± 0,9); Mesomorfia (5,3 ± 0,9) y Ectomorfia (3,1 ± 1). El perfil dermatoglífico de cada uno de los deportistas, evidenció la presencia del somatotipo ectomorfo sobre los otros. Esto determinó la importancia de esta técnica como herramienta genética en la optimización de estrategias y orientaciones deportivas. La necesidad de seguir con estos procesos investigativos es fundamental para la academia, los procesos deportivos, los deportistas y al deporte Colombiano, universitario y profesional.

Trichoderma atroviride is a symbiotic fungus that interacts with roots and stimulates plant growth and defense. Here, we show that Arabidopsis seedlings cocultivated with T. atroviride have an altered root architecture and greater biomass compared with axenically grown seedlings. These effects correlate with increased activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 (MPK6). The primary roots of mpk6 mutants showed an enhanced growth inhibition by T. atroviride when compared with wild-type (WT) plants, while T. atroviride increases MPK6 activity in WT roots. It was also found that T. atroviride produces ethylene (ET), which increases with l-methionine supply to the fungal growth medium. Analysis of growth and development of WT seedlings and etr1, ein2, and ein3 ET-related Arabidopsis mutants indicates a role for ET in root responses to the fungus, since etr1 and ein2 mutants show defective root-hair induction and enhanced primary-root growth inhibition when cocultivated with T. atroviride. Increased MPK6 activity was evidenced in roots of ctr1 mutants, which correlated with repression of primary root growth, thus connecting MPK6 signaling with an ET response pathway. Auxin-inducible gene expression analysis using the DR5:uidA reporter construct further revealed that ET affects auxin signaling through the central regulator CTR1 and that fungal-derived compounds, such as indole-3-acetic acid and indole-3-acetaldehyde, induce MPK6 activity. Our results suggest that T. atroviride likely alters root-system architecture modulating MPK6 activity and ET and auxin action.

Salt stress is an important constraint to world agriculture. Here, we report on the potential of Trichoderma virens and T. atroviride to induce tolerance to salt in Arabidopsis seedlings. We first characterized the effect of several salt concentrations on shoot biomass production and root architecture of Arabidopsis seedlings. We found that salt repressed plant growth and root development in a dose-dependent manner by blocking auxin signaling. Analysis of the wild type and eir1, aux1-7, arf7arf19, and tir1abf2abf19 auxin-related mutants revealed a key role for indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) signaling in mediating salt tolerance. We also found that T. virens (Tv29.8) and T. atroviride (IMI 206040) promoted plant growth in both normal and saline conditions, which was related to the induction of lateral roots and root hairs through auxin signaling. Arabidopsis seedlings grown under saline conditions inoculated with Trichoderma spp. showed increased levels of abscissic acid, L-proline, and ascorbic acid, and enhanced elimination of Na+ through root exudates. Our data show the critical role of auxin signaling and root architecture to salt tolerance in Arabidopsis and suggest that these fungi may enhance the plant IAA level as well as the antioxidant and osmoprotective status of plants under salt stress.

Calophyllum species are sources of calanolides, which inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-1 RT). The hexane extract of the leaves from C. brasiliense collected in Soconusco, State of Chiapas, Mexico, analyzed by HPLC showed to contain apetalic acid, calanolides B, and C. It showed potent anti-HIV-1 RT inhibition (IC(50)=20.2 μg/ml), but was not toxic in mice (LD(50)=1.99 g/kg). The histological study of the mice treated at the highest dose revealed no alteration on hepatocytes, and an increase in the number of spleen megakaryocytes. These results suggest this extract is suitable to continue studies for developing a phytodrug against HIV-1., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)