113 results on '"Archer, Matthew"'
Search Results
2. Finite volume modelling of low speed structural impact problems
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Archer, Matthew and Nikiforakis, Nikos
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cfd ,computational fluid dynamics ,computational solid dynamics ,simulation ,solid mechanics ,physics ,finite volume method ,finite element method ,coatings ,impact - Abstract
Two investigations are described in this thesis on the common theme of applying finite volume methods to simulate structural impact problems. The first investigation is the application of the Eulerian Finite Volume Method (EFVM) to simulate the low-speed impact of ductile materials. Simulation results are validated against experiment showing that it is possible to accurately predict crater deformation profiles over the low speed speed impact regime for different projectile and substrate materials. We demonstrate how the rate dependent Johnson-Cook plasticity model is crucial to ensure correspondence to experiment. The second investigation is concerned with the application of EFVM to simulate impact damage to thin polymeric coatings applied to the surface of metals. The aim of this work is to demonstrate how new simulation methods can help understand coating damage due stone impact. We simulate the debonding phenomenon of single layer coatings under impact by setting boundary conditions at the plate and paint interface. We show how EFVM can capture two limits of interface behaviour, sliding and separation 'slip' at one extreme and zero sliding 'welded' at the other. Results compare well to previously published experimental and simulation work, and our own finite element simulations in Abaqus. We also demonstrate how EFVM brings greater robustness and stability compared to FEM when modelling adhesive failure and higher energy impact penetration.
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- 2021
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3. Management of Poststroke Hyperglycemia: Results of the TEXAIS Randomized Clinical Trial
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Bladin, Christopher F., Wah Cheung, Ngai, Dewey, Helen M., Churilov, Leonid, Middleton, Sandy, Thijs, Vincent, Ekinci, Elif, Levi, Christopher R., Lindley, Richard, Donnan, Geoffrey A., Parsons, Mark W., Meretoja, Atte, Tiainen, Marjaana, Choi, Philip M.C., Cordato, Dennis, Brown, Helen, Campbell, Bruce C.V., Davis, Stephen M., Cloud, Geoffrey, Grimley, Rohan, Lee-Archer, Matthew, Ghia, Darshan, Sanders, Lauren, Markus, Romesh, Muller, Claire, Salvaris, Patrick, Wu, Teddy, and Fink, John
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- 2023
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4. Sedation-Associated Medications at Dementia Diagnosis, Their Receptor Activity, and Associations With Adverse Outcomes in a Large Clinical Cohort
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Mbazira, Agnes, Bishara, Delia, Perera, Gayan, Rawlins, Elizabeth, Webb, Silas, Archer, Matthew, Balasundaram, Bharathi, Shetty, Hitesh, Tsamakis, Konstantinos, Taylor, David, Sauer, Justin, Stewart, Robert, and Mueller, Christoph
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- 2022
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5. Digital extraction: Blockchain traceability in mineral supply chains
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Calvão, Filipe and Archer, Matthew
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- 2021
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6. Sustaining Decarbonisation: Energy Storage, Green Extractivism, and the Future of Mining.
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Archer, Matthew and Calvão, Filipe
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ENERGY storage , *CARBON dioxide mitigation , *RENEWABLE energy transition (Government policy) , *MODAL logic , *SUSTAINABILITY , *ENERGY infrastructure - Abstract
Within the context of the so‐called green energy transition, the mining industry has successfully repositioned itself as a facilitator of, rather than an impediment to, a sustainable future. Underlying the success of this claim is a discourse of sustainability that, on the one hand, equates sustainability with decarbonisation and, on the other hand, insists that the rapid expansion of renewable energy generation and storage infrastructures is the only viable way to decarbonise. Reflecting specifically on the mining industry's increasingly central role within this discourse, this article identifies three key modalities of decarbonisation, each of which involves energy storage as an important component: decarbonisation through mining; decarbonisation of mining; and decarbonisation of mines themselves. Analysing these modalities through the emergent literature on the political ecology of storage, which highlights both the spatial and temporal elements of storage infrastructures, we argue that the reinforcement and expansion of green extractivist logics is driven, in part, by the idea that extractivism can and will unlock new spaces and temporalities of decarbonisation through the installation and expansion of energy storage infrastructures. Consequently, energy storage in mining decarbonisation is not only a form of accumulation, but a condition of possibility for sustaining and generating new forms of capitalist extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. Evaluation of a 4DVAR Assimilation System in the California Current at the SWOT Calibration/Validation Site.
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Tchonang, Babette C., Archer, Matthew R., Gopalakrishnan, Ganesh, Cornuelle, Bruce, Mazloff, Matthew R., Wang, Jinbo, and Fu, Lee-Lueng
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OCEAN surface topography , *GENERAL circulation model , *OCEAN , *CALIBRATION , *OCEAN circulation , *GLIDERS (Aeronautics) - Abstract
This study evaluates the feasibility of applying the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) data assimilation (DA) framework to a submesoscale-resolving model [Massachusetts Institute of Technology General Circulation Model (MITgcm), at 1-km grid resolution]. This is in preparation for future studies to understand and assimilate the novel swath measurements of sea surface height from the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite mission. The model domain is centered at the SWOT calibration/validation (CalVal) site, located 300 km offshore of Monterey Bay, California. We assimilate vertical profiles of temperature and salinity from a linear array of three SWOT prelaunch CalVal moorings, between September and December 2019. Two model solutions are analyzed: 1) a nonassimilating forward simulation termed "first-guess" and 2) an optimized solution that assimilates the in situ observations. Both runs are nested within the global 1/12° Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model that uses Navy Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation (HYCOM/NCODA) analysis. We evaluate the performance by comparing the two model solutions against assimilated and withheld in situ observations. We show that by assimilating hydrographic data, the model performance over the first-guess solution is improved with an error-to-observation reduction of 30%–45% for temperature, 14%–41% for salinity, and 44%–56% for steric height. Over the study period, the average steric height error at the three assimilated moorings was 1.27 cm for the optimized solution versus 2.6 cm for the first-guess solution. A comparison to withheld glider observations shows that the optimized solution outperforms the first-guess solution with an error-to-observation reduction of approximately 38% in steric height (1.5 versus 2.4 cm). This study indicates, for the first time, that the MITgcm–ECCO framework can be successfully applied to the reconstruction of submesoscale ocean variability, via the nesting of a high-resolution regional domain into a global outer domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. Revisiting the circulation of the East Australian Current: Its path, separation, and eddy field
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Oke, Peter R., Roughan, Moninya, Cetina-Heredia, Paulina, Pilo, Gabriela S., Ridgway, Kenneth R., Rykova, Tatiana, Archer, Matthew R., Coleman, Richard C., Kerry, Colette G., Rocha, Carlos, Schaeffer, Amandine, and Vitarelli, Eduardo
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- 2019
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9. Governing through ESG and the green spirit of asset manager capitalism.
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Archer, Matthew
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CAPITALISM , *INVESTORS , *PORTFOLIO managers (Investments) - Abstract
The outsize influence of asset managers raises important questions about the relationship between fund managers and the companies in which they are invested, with recent theorists of asset manager capitalism suggesting an emergent disinterest in the performance of individual firms among large asset managers. Investors' growing focus on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) data in financial decisions offers one window into this relationship. Drawing on interviews with the ESG team and a group of portfolio managers at a large European bank, I argue that ESG analysis is seen as valuable not because of some unique social, environmental, or even financial benefits, but because it helps asset managers more effectively govern the companies in which they are invested by objectifying and depoliticizing their interventions in the governance of invested companies. This contributes to emerging theories of asset manager capitalism by calling attention to the strategies asset managers develop to exercise control over invested companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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10. Exploring the mundane: Towards an ethnographic approach to bioenergy
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Chatti, Deepti, Archer, Matthew, Lennon, Myles, and Dove, Michael R.
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- 2017
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11. A survey on computational intelligence approaches for predictive modeling in prostate cancer
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Cosma, Georgina, Brown, David, Archer, Matthew, Khan, Masood, and Graham Pockley, A.
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- 2017
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12. Accurate delineation of individual tree crowns in tropical forests from aerial RGB imagery using Mask R‐CNN.
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Ball, James G. C., Hickman, Sebastian H. M., Jackson, Tobias D., Koay, Xian Jing, Hirst, James, Jay, William, Archer, Matthew, Aubry‐Kientz, Mélaine, Vincent, Grégoire, and Coomes, David A.
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CROWNS (Botany) ,TROPICAL forests ,CONVOLUTIONAL neural networks ,DEEP learning ,PYTHON programming language ,CARBON sequestration in forests ,FOREST resilience ,THROUGHFALL ,CARBON cycle - Abstract
Tropical forests are a major component of the global carbon cycle and home to two‐thirds of terrestrial species. Upper‐canopy trees store the majority of forest carbon and can be vulnerable to drought events and storms. Monitoring their growth and mortality is essential to understanding forest resilience to climate change, but in the context of forest carbon storage, large trees are underrepresented in traditional field surveys, so estimates are poorly constrained. Aerial photographs provide spectral and textural information to discriminate between tree crowns in diverse, complex tropical canopies, potentially opening the door to landscape monitoring of large trees. Here we describe a new deep convolutional neural network method, Detectree2, which builds on the Mask R‐CNN computer vision framework to recognize the irregular edges of individual tree crowns from airborne RGB imagery. We trained and evaluated this model with 3797 manually delineated tree crowns at three sites in Malaysian Borneo and one site in French Guiana. As an example application, we combined the delineations with repeat lidar surveys (taken between 3 and 6 years apart) of the four sites to estimate the growth and mortality of upper‐canopy trees. Detectree2 delineated 65 000 upper‐canopy trees across 14 km2 of aerial images. The skill of the automatic method in delineating unseen test trees was good (F1 score = 0.64) and for the tallest category of trees was excellent (F1 score = 0.74). As predicted from previous field studies, we found that growth rate declined with tree height and tall trees had higher mortality rates than intermediate‐size trees. Our approach demonstrates that deep learning methods can automatically segment trees in widely accessible RGB imagery. This tool (provided as an open‐source Python package) has many potential applications in forest ecology and conservation, from estimating carbon stocks to monitoring forest phenology and restoration. Python package available to install at https://github.com/PatBall1/Detectree2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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13. Global Lives of Extraction
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Calvão, Filipe, Archer, Matthew, and Benya, Asanda
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green economy ,inclusive development ,extractivism ,frontiers ,sustainability ,resource-curse theory - Abstract
Extractive frontiers are expanding rapidly as demand for minerals and metals continues to increase, often driven by—and despite—concerns about sustainability. This introduction brings theories of the resource curse and extractivism into conversation with materiality and social reproduction to account for the multiple scales and dimensions in which extractive industries operate, taking heed of the gendered and lived experience of communities, indigenous peoples and workers. We highlight the global resonance of these diverse experiences to illuminate the making of frontiers, forms of belonging, and accumulation logics that produce, enable, and potentially undermine the expansion of extractive industries. Les frontières de l'extraction s'étendent rapidement à mesure que la demande de minéraux et de métaux continue d'augmenter, souvent motivée par – et malgré – les préoccupations relatives à la durabilité. Cette introduction met en relation les théories de la malédiction des ressources et de l'extractivisme avec la matérialité et la reproduction sociale afin de rendre compte des multiples échelles et dimensions dans lesquelles les industries extractives opèrent, en tenant compte de l'expérience sexuée et vécue des communautés, des peuples indigènes et des travailleurs. Nous soulignons la résonance mondiale de ces diverses expériences pour éclairer la création de frontières, les formes d'appartenance et les logiques d'accumulation qui produisent, permettent et sapent potentiellement l'expansion des industries extractives. Las fronteras de la extracción se están expandiendo rápidamente a medida que aumenta la demanda de minerales y metales, a menudo impulsada por –y a pesar de– la preocupación por la sostenibilidad. Esta introducción pone en relación las teorías de la maldición de los recursos y el extractivismo con la materialidad y la reproducción social para dar cuenta de las múltiples escalas y dimensiones en las que operan las industrias extractivas, teniendo en cuenta la experiencia de género y vivida de las comunidades, los pueblos indígenas y los trabajadores. Destacamos la resonancia global de estas diversas experiencias para iluminar la creación de fronteras, las formas de pertenencia y las lógicas de acumulación que producen, permiten y potencialmente socavan la expansión de las industrias extractivas.
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- 2023
14. PROCEE: a PROstate Cancer Evaluation and Education serious game for African Caribbean men
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Cosma, Georgina, Brown, David, Shopland, Nicholas, Battersby, Steven, Seymour-Smith, Sarah, Archer, Matthew, Khan, Masood, and Pockley, A. Graham
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- 2016
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15. Impact of Application Rate, Timing, and Indaziflam Formulation on Early Postemergence Control of Oxalis stricta
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Marble, S. Christopher, Chandler, Annette, and Archer, Matthew
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- 2016
16. Understanding Career Development Pathways of College Students With Disabilities Using Crip Theory and the Theory of Whole Self.
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Chang-kyu Kwon, Guadalupe, Sarah S., Archer, Matthew, and Groomes, Darlene A.
- Abstract
Despite their growing numbers, college students with disabilities (SWD) are often overlooked in the context of campus support for career development. The purpose of this practice brief is to provide a framework and a set of recommended actions for higher education leaders, administrators, and staff in disability and career services in order to better support the unique needs of SWD in their career development. Through a combined lens of crip theory and the theory of whole self, we call for higher education institutions to (a) provide targeted career services for SWD, (b) build business partnerships through which SWD can develop careers, and (c) incorporate disability as a critical diversity factor of the institution for service effectiveness and sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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17. Patient perception and barriers with fluid hydration: a prospective face-to-face interview and counselling from a university hospital stone clinic.
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Rice, Patrick, Archer, Matthew, Davis, Tanya, Pietropaolo, Amelia, and Somani, Bhaskar
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KIDNEY stones ,PUBLIC health ,ENDOUROLOGY ,URINARY calculi ,HYDRATION - Abstract
Introduction Kidney stone disease (KSD) has a lifetime prevalence of up to 14% in the United Kingdom. Primary and secondary prevention of KSD via dietary intervention is a low-cost public health intervention and remains the best preventative strategy against urolithiasis. Material and methods This prospective study was conducted on kidney stone patients attending a stone clinic at our tertiary endourology centre. Patients were taken through a questionnaire, which was completed in the clinic by a trained specialist endourology nurse. Results A total of 259 patients completed the questionnaire. 141 (54.4%) had an active stone during the clinic visit with the remaining 118 (45.6%) with a history of stone treatment. Regarding barriers to fluid intake, 43 (16.6%) patients did not have a habit of drinking water or felt too bloated, 36 (13.9%) did not like the taste, 17 (6.6%) were not thirsty, 10 (3.9%) of patients were too busy. Of those who answered, 108 (46.8%) patients did not believe there was a link between fluid intake and stone formation. A belief of a link between fluid intake and stone formation significantly predicted fluid intake (p = 0.024) with people who did believe in this drinking less water. Conclusions There are numerous perceived barriers to adequate fluid intake, with almost half of all patients not believing that there is a link between fluid intake and stone formation. This misunderstanding may predict a lower fluid intake. More attention should therefore be focussed on patient education and primary prevention aspects to avoid kidney stone recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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18. Adverse clinical outcomes after dabigatran reversal with idarucizumab to facilitate acute stroke thrombolysis
- Author
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Ng, Felix C., Bice, James, Rodda, Anne, Lee-Archer, Matthew, and Crompton, Douglas E.
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- 2017
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19. An intronic GAA repeat expansion in FGF14 causes the autosomal-dominant adult-onset ataxia SCA50/ATX-FGF14
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Rafehi, Haloom, Read, Justin, Szmulewicz, David J., Davies, Kayli C., Snell, Penny, Fearnley, Liam G., Scott, Liam, Thomsen, Mirja, Gillies, Greta, Pope, Kate, Bennett, Mark F., Munro, Jacob E., Ngo, Kathie J., Chen, Luke, Wallis, Mathew J., Butler, Ernest G., Kumar, Kishore R., Wu, Kathy HC., Tomlinson, Susan E., Tisch, Stephen, Malhotra, Abhishek, Lee-Archer, Matthew, Dolzhenko, Egor, Eberle, Michael A., Roberts, Leslie J., Fogel, Brent L., Brüggemann, Norbert, Lohmann, Katja, Delatycki, Martin B., Bahlo, Melanie, and Lockhart, Paul J.
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Article - Abstract
Adult-onset cerebellar ataxias are a group of neurodegenerative conditions that challenge both genetic discovery and molecular diagnosis. In this study, we identified an intronic (GAA) repeat expansion in fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14). Genetic analysis of 95 Australian individuals with adult-onset ataxia identified four (4.2%) with (GAA)(>300) and a further nine individuals with (GAA)(>250). PCR and long-read sequence analysis revealed these were pure (GAA) repeats. In comparison, no control subjects had (GAA)(>300) and only 2/311 control individuals (0.6%) had a pure (GAA)(>250). In a German validation cohort, 9/104 (8.7%) of affected individuals had (GAA)(>335) and a further six had (GAA)(>250), whereas 10/190 (5.3%) control subjects had (GAA)(>250) but none were (GAA)(>335). The combined data suggest (GAA)(>335) are disease causing and fully penetrant (p = 6.0 × 10(−8), OR = 72 [95% CI = 4.3–1,227]), while (GAA)(>250) is likely pathogenic with reduced penetrance. Affected individuals had an adult-onset, slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia with variable features including vestibular impairment, hyper-reflexia, and autonomic dysfunction. A negative correlation between age at onset and repeat length was observed (R(2) = 0.44, p = 0.00045, slope = −0.12) and identification of a shared haplotype in a minority of individuals suggests that the expansion can be inherited or generated de novo during meiotic division. This study demonstrates the power of genome sequencing and advanced bioinformatic tools to identify novel repeat expansions via model-free, genome-wide analysis and identifies SCA50/ATX-FGF14 as a frequent cause of adult-onset ataxia.
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- 2022
20. Sustainable Finance
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Archer, Matthew
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- 2019
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21. Introduction to special issue: Value, values, and anthropology.
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Souleles, Daniel Scott, Archer, Matthew, and Thaning, Morten Sørensen
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SOCIAL theory , *ANTHROPOLOGY , *ANTHROPOLOGISTS - Abstract
Anthropologists have spent tremendous effort developing value theory. We might generally understand value theory as a form of social theory concerned with what groups of people find important or worthwhile in life; how those groups of people, via their relationships, identify, seek, and create that which is valuable; how ideas of value and worth inhere in people and things; and how those people and things then circulate and meet other universes of value. This introduction specifically, and this special issue more generally, seeks to build on this bedrock conception of value theory to offer a series of implications and considerations one should take on board when thinking about value. We suggest that these considerations will allow social researchers to more ably understand the pressing issues that motivate their investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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22. Frontal eddies provide an oceanographic triad for favorable larval fish habitat.
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Suthers, Iain M., Schaeffer, Amandine, Archer, Matthew, Roughan, Moninya, Griffin, David A., Chapman, Christopher C., Sloyan, Bernadette M., and Everett, Jason D.
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FISH larvae ,FISH habitats ,EDDIES ,FISH reproduction ,FISH communities ,TERRITORIAL waters ,HABITATS ,PREDATION - Abstract
Frontal eddies form on the shoreward edge of boundary currents, on average at weekly intervals and can last up to several weeks. This duration allows zooplankton production and completion of the larval stage of fish but may be too ephemeral for longer food chains with planktonic predators to establish. Therefore, frontal eddies may provide a suitable offshore nursery habitat, by entraining and retaining inner‐shelf water, preconditioned with coastal plankton and ichthyoplankton, into an upwelling favorable cyclonic eddy. Here, we briefly describe the behavior of frontal eddies formed by western boundary currents in the context of the fundamental ocean triad, which incorporates three processes for the successful reproduction of fish: nutrient enrichment, food concentration, and retention of larvae. We adapt this hypothesis for frontal eddies adjacent to the substantial fisheries production of continental shelves, creating conditions for enhanced recruitment potential of larval cohorts at a finer scale than previously considered. We review the evidence and investigations of frontal eddies in their capacity to entrain coastal water, sustain the plankton community through eddy uplift and retain distinctive coastal communities of larval fish offshore until larval development is complete. The process of frontal eddy formation is complex and such habitats are irregular yet ubiquitous, which present challenges and opportunities for their study. With the advance of ocean observing systems and integration of physical and biological sampling, frontal eddies provide a novel focus for understanding fisheries production and connectivity of coastal ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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23. Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in Northern Tasmania.
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Rajalingam, Priyanka, de Souza, Aaron, Lee-Archer, Matthew, and Dhakal, Mahesh
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CREUTZFELDT-Jakob disease ,SYMPTOMS ,CEREBELLAR ataxia ,MYOCLONUS ,COGNITION disorders ,NEURODEGENERATION - Abstract
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is a rare and incurable form of rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease. The disease is fatal, and most patients die within 1 year of diagnosis. Clinical features include progressive cognitive dysfunction, delusions or hallucinations, cerebellar ataxia, myoclonus, visual disturbances, extrapyramidal signs and eventually akinetic mutism. Most patients present with varied clinical presentation, hence making it difficult to diagnose at an early stage. We report five cases of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease presenting to a Tasmanian hospital in Australia over a period of 52 months. We highlight significant clinical features in all our patients including few atypical presentations, emphasise on relevant clinical biomarkers and illustrate characteristic abnormalities on electroencephalogram and neuroimaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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24. Introduction.
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Archer, Matthew
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COVID-19 pandemic , *COLLECTIVE punishment , *ELITE (Social sciences) , *AGRICULTURE , *CASH crops , *BANANAS - Abstract
This article is an introduction to an open issue of the journal Culture, Agriculture, Food & Environment. The issue features a range of scholarship on topics related to the tools used by farmers, conservationists, and other actors to manage their lives and livelihoods. The articles explore themes such as water security, Indigenous land management, social entrepreneurship, and the impact of digital accounting technologies on small farmers. The issue also includes a commentary on the deteriorating agricultural livelihoods and food security in the West Bank, situating it within the broader regional conflict and history of dispossession. The article emphasizes the importance of critical, anthropological approaches to understanding the politics of food and agriculture in conflict zones. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
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25. The Lives of Extraction
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Calvão, Filipe, Archer, Matthew, and Benya, Asanda
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anthropology ,conflicts ,corporate responsibility ,environment ,environmental history ,extraction ,extractivism ,green economy ,industry ,mining ,political economy ,resistance ,sociology ,sustainability ,thema EDItEUR::L Law::LB International law::LBB Public international law::LBBV Public international law: responsibility of states and other entities ,thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social and cultural anthropology ,thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCP Political economy ,thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNT Social impact of environmental issues - Abstract
The frontiers of extraction are expanding rapidly, driven by a growing demand for minerals and metals that is often motivated by sustainability considerations. Two volumes of International Development Policy are dedicated to the paradoxes and futures of green extractivism, with analyses of experiences from five continents. In this, the first of these two volumes, 16 authors offer a critical and nuanced understanding of the social, cultural and political dimensions of extraction. The experiences of communities, indigenous peoples and workers in extractive contexts are deeply shaped by narratives, imaginaries and the complexity of social contexts. These dimensions are crucial to making extraction possible and to sustaining its expansion, but also to identifying possibilities for resistance, and to paving the way for alternative, post-extractive economies. This volume is accompanied by IDP 16, The Afterlives of Extraction: Alternatives and Sustainable Futures.
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- 2023
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26. The Afterlives of Extraction
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Calvão, Filipe, Archer, Matthew, and Benya, Asanda
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Anthropology ,conflicts ,corporate responsibility ,environment ,environmental history ,extraction ,extractivism ,green economy ,industry ,mining ,political economy ,resistance ,sociology ,sustainability ,thema EDItEUR::L Law::LB International law::LBB Public international law::LBBV Public international law: responsibility of states and other entities ,thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social and cultural anthropology ,thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCP Political economy ,thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNT Social impact of environmental issues - Abstract
The frontiers of extraction are expanding rapidly, driven by a growing demand for minerals and metals that is often motivated by sustainability considerations. Two volumes of International Development Policy are dedicated to the paradoxes and futures of green extractivism, with analyses of experiences from five continents. In this, the second of the two volumes, the 22 authors, using different conceptual approaches and in different empirical contexts, demonstrate the alarming obduracy of the logic of extractivism, even - and perhaps especially - in the growing support for the so-called green transition. The authors highlight the complex and enduring legacies of resource extraction and the urgent need to move beyond extractive models of development towards alternative pathways that prioritise social justice, environmental sustainability, democratic governance and the well-being of both humans and non-humans. They also caution us against the assumption that anti-extraction is anti-extractivist, that post-extraction is post-extractivism, and they critically attune us to the systemic nature of extractivism in ways that both connect and transcend any particular site or scale. This volume accompanies IDP 15, The Lives of Extraction: Identities, Communities, and the Politics of Place.
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- 2023
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27. Producing SWOT measurements with a multiscale data assimilation system during the prelaunch field campaign.
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Li, Zhijin, Archer, Matthew R., Wang, Jinbo, and Fu, Lee-Lueng
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CLIMATE change ,CLIMATOLOGY ,SALINITY ,OCEAN temperature - Abstract
A data assimilation system for a high-resolution model has been developed to address the opportunities and challenges posed by the upcoming Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite mission. This developed system is based on a three-dimensional variational data assimilation scheme (3DVAR), which is computationally highly efficient and thus can be applied to a very high-resolution model. A crucial consideration of the system is to use a multiscale data assimilation approach (MSDA) to first assimilate routinely available observations, including conventional satellite altimetry, sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity (SSS), and temperature/salinity vertical profiles, to constrain large scales and large mesoscales. High-resolution (dense) observations and future SWOT measurements can then be effectively and seamlessly assimilated to constrain the smaller scales. The 3DVAR is extended to assimilate observations over a time interval, which specifically enhances the efficacy of the assimilation of satellite along-track altimetry observations, which are limited by large repeat time intervals. Using this system, a reanalysis dataset was produced for the SWOT pre-launch field campaign that took place in the California Current System from September through December, 2019. An evaluation of this system with assimilated and withheld data demonstrates its ability to effectively utilize both routine and campaign observations to produce sea surface heights with the accuracy close to that required by SWOT. These results suggest a promising avenue for data assimilation development in the SWOT altimetry era, which will need the capability of jointly assimilating existing routine observations with SWOT measurements to resolve small-scale ocean processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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28. Producing SWOT measurements with a multiscale data assimilation system during the prelaunch field campaign.
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Zhijin Li, Archer, Matthew R., Jinbo Wang, and Lee-Lueng Fu
- Subjects
OCEAN surface topography ,OCEAN temperature ,ALTIMETRY - Abstract
A data assimilation system for a high-resolution model has been developed to address the opportunities and challenges posed by the upcoming Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite mission. This developed system is based on a three-dimensional variational data assimilation scheme (3DVAR), which is computationally highly efficient and thus can be applied to a very high-resolution model. A crucial consideration of the system is to use a multiscale data assimilation approach (MSDA) to first assimilate routinely available observations, including conventional satellite altimetry, sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity (SSS), and temperature/salinity vertical profiles, to constrain large scales and large mesoscales. High-resolution (dense) observations and future SWOT measurements can then be effectively and seamlessly assimilated to constrain the smaller scales. The 3DVAR is extended to assimilate observations over a time interval, which specifically enhances the efficacy of the assimilation of satellite along-track altimetry observations, which are limited by large repeat time intervals. Using this system, a reanalysis dataset was produced for the SWOT pre-launch field campaign that took place in the California Current System from September through December, 2019. An evaluation of this system with assimilated and withheld data demonstrates its ability to effectively utilize both routine and campaign observations to produce sea surface heights with the accuracy close to that required by SWOT. These results suggest a promising avenue for data assimilation development in the SWOT altimetry era, which will need the capability of jointly assimilating existing routine observations with SWOT measurements to resolve small-scale ocean processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Prevalence of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and multifocal motor neuropathy in two regions of Australia.
- Author
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Park, Susanna B., Li, Tiffany, Kiernan, Matthew C., Garg, Nidhi, Wilson, Ian, White, Richard, Boggild, Michael, McNabb, Andrew, Lee‐Archer, Matthew, and Taylor, Bruce V.
- Abstract
Introduction/Aims: Immune‐mediated neuropathies such as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) and multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) produce significant disability and often require maintenance treatment. There is a paucity of epidemiological data on these conditions in Australia. Methods: We undertook a prevalence study of CIDP and MMN in North Queensland and Tasmania, coinciding with a national census. Diagnoses were classified against the diagnostic criteria of the European Federation of Neurological Societies/Peripheral Nerve Society. Case ascertainment was undertaken via multiple methods, including survey of local neurologists across public and private clinics, search of neurophysiology, neurology and hospital databases, search of admitted hospital database collections using ICD codes and through immunoglobulin therapy prescription lists. Results: The crude prevalence of CIDP was 5.00 per 100,000 (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.79–6.62) and the crude prevalence of MMN was 1.33 per 100,000 (95% CI 0.78–2.27). Prevalence was also investigated using National Blood Authority numbers of cases prescribed immunoglobulin therapy, indicating a CIDP prevalence of 5.72 per 100,000 (95% CI 4.41–7.43) and MMN prevalence of 1.94 per 100,000 (95% CI 1.24–3.03). There was no significant difference between these numbers and those calculated through access of patient records locally. There was no significant difference in prevalence between Tasmania and North Queensland for any category. Discussion: This study updates the prevalence of CIDP and MMN in Australia. Understanding the distribution of CIDP and MMN patients and their need for treatment is essential for future resource planning and to enable monitoring and coordination of therapies such as immunoglobulin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Reversal strategies for vitamin K antagonists in acute intracerebral hemorrhage
- Author
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Parry-Jones, Adrian R., Di Napoli, Mario, Goldstein, Joshua N., Schreuder, Floris H. B. M., Tetri, Sami, Tatlisumak, Turgut, Yan, Bernard, van Nieuwenhuizen, Koen M., Dequatre-Ponchelle, Nelly, Lee-Archer, Matthew, Horstmann, Solveig, Wilson, Duncan, Pomero, Fulvio, Masotti, Luca, Lerpiniere, Christine, Godoy, Daniel Agustin, Cohen, Abigail S., Houben, Rik, Al-Shahi Salman, Rustam, Pennati, Paolo, Fenoglio, Luigi, Werring, David, Veltkamp, Roland, Wood, Edith, Dewey, Helen M., Cordonnier, Charlotte, Klijn, Catharina J. M., Meligeni, Fabrizio, Davis, Stephen M., Huhtakangas, Juha, Staals, Julie, Rosand, Jonathan, and Meretoja, Atte
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Conceptualizing the Marginalization Experiences of People with Disabilities in Organizations Using an Ableism Lens.
- Author
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Kwon, Chang-kyu and Archer, Matthew
- Subjects
PEOPLE with disabilities ,ABLEISM ,WORK experience (Employment) ,CRITICAL analysis ,MINORITIES - Abstract
Existing literature on disability inclusion in the workplace has done little to confront the structural inequalities facing people with disabilities and has instead focused on ideas of assimilation strategies. As a result, in HRD there is a conflation between disability research and research that is "critical." The purpose of this conceptual article is to examine the persisting influence of ableism on the marginalization experiences of people with disabilities in organizations. Specifically, the present article conceptualizes the effects of ableism on the hiring, retention, and promotion of people with disabilities in organizations. The critical analysis of everyday work experiences of people with disabilities in ableist organizations as offered in this article calls for organizations to fundamentally rethink how they can better support this world's largest minority group. Implications for HRD research and practice will be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. The ethics of ESG: Sustainable finance and the emergence of the market as an ethical subject.
- Author
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Archer, Matthew
- Subjects
- *
SUSTAINABLE investing , *INTERSUBJECTIVITY , *ENVIRONMENTAL responsibility , *ENVIRONMENTAL ethics , *ETHICAL investments , *ETHICS , *PORTFOLIO managers (Investments) - Abstract
Sustainable finance is generally understood as the integration of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) considerations into the investment process. Based on participant observation of sustainable finance and impact investing conferences between 2015 and 2020, and a series of interviews with the sustainability team and several portfolio managers at a large European bank in 2018 and 2019, I show how the compulsion to define and measure sustainability indicators reflects the emergence of the market itself as an ethical subject, one that is capable of making the most efficient, and thus the most ethical, decisions. This has implications for ethical intersubjectivity in sustainability more broadly. I situate this claim alongside recent work in anthropology and geography on the translation of social and environmental values into financial values, as well as on work in the anthropology of ethics and its intersection with the anthropology of finance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. How to govern a sustainable supply chain: Standards, standardizers, and the political ecology of (in)advertence.
- Author
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Archer, Matthew
- Subjects
POLITICAL ecology ,SUPPLY chains ,SUSTAINABILITY ,ENVIRONMENTAL standards ,FARM supplies ,BALANCE of power ,SUSTAINABLE development reporting - Abstract
There is an ambivalence within political ecology about whether the unequal power relations that emerge from many development projects are intended or unintended. This ambivalence is a result of an empirical focus on the effects of these programs on target communities, as opposed to an empirical focus on the people who are responsible for developing those programs. Drawing on qualitative fieldwork among people tasked with designing, promoting, and enforcing sustainability standards in global agricultural supply chains, I argue that the empowerment of multinational corporations and well-funded environmental NGOs that characterizes market-oriented sustainability programs is, in fact, intentional. This intention reflects the belief among sustainability professionals that the intersection of western scientific expertise with the dynamics of "the market" is the most effective way to promote sustainability in global supply chains, and to generate global sustainability in a more general sense. Concepts like "stakeholder engagement" and a commitment to flexibility and accommodation in the development and adoption of social and environmental standards are examples of what I call euphemistic sustainability, which shifts critical attention away from a balance of power that is increasingly tilted toward private interests, even as that imbalance remains an intended outcome of non-state market-driven governance systems like ostensibly voluntary sustainability standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. On the Development of SWOT In Situ Calibration/Validation for Short-Wavelength Ocean Topography.
- Author
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Wang, Jinbo, Fu, Lee-Lueng, Haines, Bruce, Lankhorst, Matthias, Lucas, Andrew J., Farrar, J. Thomas, Send, Uwe, Meinig, Christian, Schofield, Oscar, Ray, Richard, Archer, Matthew, Aragon, David, Bigorre, Sebastien, Chao, Yi, Kerfoot, John, Pinkel, Robert, Sandwell, David, and Stalin, Scott
- Subjects
OCEAN surface topography ,TOPOGRAPHY ,OCEAN circulation ,CALIBRATION ,OCEAN ,CHOLESTERIC liquid crystals ,GLOBAL Positioning System ,INTERNAL waves - Abstract
The future Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission aims to map sea surface height (SSH) in wide swaths with an unprecedented spatial resolution and subcentimeter accuracy. The instrument performance needs to be verified using independent measurements in a process known as calibration and validation (Cal/Val). The SWOT Cal/Val needs in situ measurements that can make synoptic observations of SSH field over an O(100) km distance with an accuracy matching the SWOT requirements specified in terms of the along-track wavenumber spectrum of SSH error. No existing in situ observing system has been demonstrated to meet this challenge. A field campaign was conducted during September 2019–January 2020 to assess the potential of various instruments and platforms to meet the SWOT Cal/Val requirement. These instruments include two GPS buoys, two bottom pressure recorders (BPR), three moorings with fixed conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) and CTD profilers, and a glider. The observations demonstrated that 1) the SSH (hydrostatic) equation can be closed with 1–3 cm RMS residual using BPR, CTD mooring and GPS SSH, and 2) using the upper-ocean steric height derived from CTD moorings enable subcentimeter accuracy in the California Current region during the 2019/20 winter. Given that the three moorings are separated at 10–20–30 km distance, the observations provide valuable information about the small-scale SSH variability associated with the ocean circulation at frequencies ranging from hourly to monthly in the region. The combined analysis sheds light on the design of the SWOT mission postlaunch Cal/Val field campaign. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Regional immediate deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap for immediate breast reconstruction: A collaborative multidisciplinary comparative audit in the information transfer in local versus regional referrals
- Author
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Osman, Elaf, Archer, Matthew, Mawhinney, Jamie, and Alder, Louise
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Corporate COVID Cultures.
- Author
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Archer, Matthew
- Subjects
CORPORATE culture ,WEBINARS ,LABOR organizing ,ONLINE shopping - Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Reconstructing Fine‐Scale Ocean Variability via Data Assimilation of the SWOT Pre‐Launch In Situ Observing System.
- Author
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Archer, Matthew R., Li, Zhijin, Wang, Jinbo, and Fu, Lee‐Lueng
- Subjects
OCEAN currents ,OCEAN surface topography ,SEA surface positioning ,OCEANOGRAPHERS - Abstract
After the surface water and ocean topography (SWOT) satellite launches in 2022, an in‐situ field campaign will be conducted to estimate the ocean state for calibration and validation (CalVal) purposes. It is demonstrably difficult to capture the sea surface height (SSH) features that are the focus of SWOT, with short time periods (<20 days) and fine‐scale spatial structures (15–150 km). Therefore, a critical component of the SWOT CalVal will be a data assimilation (DA) system coupled to a primitive equation numerical model that can estimate: (a) the 2D SSH over the SWOT swaths, and (b) the 3D dynamical (velocity) field. To explore the ability of DA to meet the challenges of SWOT fine‐scale observations, a multiscale DA system based on an extended 3D variational method has been developed. Here, we present a strategic evaluation of this DA system, with a focus to assimilate in‐situ data from an observing system to best represent the fine‐scale ocean variability at the CalVal site. The DA estimate is compared to independent observations taken during the 2019 pre‐launch field campaign 300‐km off Monterey Bay, California. The key result is this DA system can reconstruct the upper 500‐m steric height with O(1‐cm) error at hourly resolution, and subcentimeter error for periods longer than 2 days. Plain Language Summary: The surface water and ocean topography (SWOT) satellite mission is the first of its kind to launch. It will provide unprecedented measurements of the sea surface height in two dimensions (2‐D) and shorter spatial scales than previously possible. These measurements will allow oceanographers to study new scales of ocean variability and infer the ocean current velocity field. After SWOT launches, the accuracy of its measurements will need to be verified with observations made using standard instrumentation whose accuracy is well known. However, the cost to produce equivalent measurements for comparison with 2‐D high‐resolution SWOT observations is prohibitive, so the instruments to be deployed are only sufficient to evaluate a small portion of the satellite footprint. To better understand the satellite measurements, the plan is to combine the instrument measurements with a numerical ocean model that provides a four‐dimensional best‐estimate of the ocean state. This is called data assimilation (DA). In this paper, we evaluate a DA system developed to address these challenges, and show its successful performance using observations from a pre‐launch field campaign in 2019. Key Points: Data assimilation (DA) of routine observations of large/mesoscale circulation allows effective assimilation of mooring data at fine scalesMooring DA reconstructs 0‐ to 500‐m hourly steric height with O(1‐cm) error, and subcentimeter error for periods longer than 2‐dayDA performance relies on observing system design; capturing the 2D horizontal gradient field is important for SWOT evaluation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Anthropocene Unseen
- Author
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Howe, Cymene, Pandian, Anand, Archer, Matthew, Banerjee, Anindita, Barnes, Jessica, Battaglia, Debbora, Besky, Sarah, Bhojvaid, Vasundhara, Boke, Charis, Boyer, Dominic, Campbell, Craig, Cagüeñas Rozo, Diego, Carse, Ashley, Chaudhuri, Una, Choy, Timothy, Cohen, Jeffrey Jerome, Cohen, Tom, Colebrook, Claire, Daggett, Cara, Dave, Naisargi N., De León, Jason, Elinoff, Eli, Ertl, Fritz, Farman, Abou, and Fisher, Daniel
- Subjects
anthropocene ,cultural studies ,climate change ,ecopolitics ,environmental humanities ,nature ,extinction ,thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social and cultural anthropology ,thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNP Pollution and threats to the environment::RNPG Climate change - Abstract
"The idea of the Anthropocene often generates an overwhelming sense of abjection or apathy. It occupies the imagination as a set of circumstances that counterpose individual human actors against ungraspable scales and impossible odds. There is much at stake in how we understand the implications of this planetary imagination, and how to plot paths from this present to other less troubling futures. With Anthropocene Unseen: A Lexicon, the editors aim at a resource helpful for this task: a catalog of ways to pluralize and radicalize our picture of the Anthropocene, to make it speak more effectively to a wider range of contemporary human societies and circumstances. Organized as a lexicon for troubled times, each entry in this book recognizes the gravity of the global forecasts that invest the present with its widespread air of crisis, urgency, and apocalyptic possibility. Each also finds value in smaller scales of analysis, capturing the magnitude of an epoch in the unique resonances afforded by a single word. The Holocene may have been the age in which we learned our letters, but we are faced now with circumstances that demand more experimental plasticity. Alternative ways of perceiving a moment can bring a halt to habitual action, opening a space for slantwise movements through the shock of the unexpected. Each small essay in this lexicon is meant to do just this, drawing from anthropology, literary studies, artistic practice, and other humanistic endeavors to open up the range of possible action by contributing some other concrete way of seeing the present. Each entry proposes a different way of conceiving this Earth from some grounded place, always in a manner that aims to provoke a different imagination of the Anthropocene as a whole. The Anthropocene is a world-engulfing concept, drawing every thing and being imaginable into its purview, both in terms of geographic scale and temporal duration. Pronouncing an epoch in our own name may seem the ultimate act of apex species self-aggrandizement, a picture of the world as dominated by ourselves. Can we learn new ways of being in the face of this challenge, approaching the transmogrification of the ecosphere in a spirit of experimentation rather than catastrophic risk and existential dismay? This lexicon is meant as a site to imagine and explore what human beings can do differently with this time, and with its sense of peril."
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Navigating the sustainability landscape: Impact pathways and the sustainability ethic as moral compass.
- Author
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Archer, Matthew
- Subjects
- *
SUSTAINABILITY , *LANDSCAPES , *SOCIAL impact , *BUSINESS ethics , *ETHICS , *CORPORATE sustainability - Abstract
Sustainability professionals believe their work has positive social and environmental impacts in the "real world," but they recognize that their impactfulness is contingent on a number of other factors, especially the willingness of other, typically more powerful actors to consider their findings and implement their recommendations. In this article, I develop the notion of "impact pathways" to think about the relationship between paths, maps, travelers, terrains, and ethics in the context of what my informants regularly refer to as the sustainability "landscape." I show how the interpretation of a map and the choice between different possible paths can be partially explained by an actor's particular ethical framework, in this case something I identify as the sustainability ethic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Formulation and demonstration of an extended-3DVAR multi-scale data assimilation system for the SWOT altimetry era.
- Author
-
Zhijin Li, Archer, Matthew, Jinbo Wang, and Lee-Lueng Fu
- Subjects
OCEAN surface topography ,SOIL salinity ,OCEAN temperature ,ALTIMETRY - Abstract
A state-of-the-art data assimilation system for a high-resolution model has been developed to address the opportunities and challenges posed by the upcoming Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite mission. A new 'extended' three -dimensional variational data assimilation scheme (extended-3DVAR) is formulated to assimilate observations over a time interval, and integrated using a multi- scale approach (hereafter MSDA). The new MSDA scheme specifically enhances the efficacy of the assimilation of satellite along-track altimetry observations, which are limited by large repeat time intervals. This developed system is computationally highly efficient, and thus can be applied to a very high- resolution model. A crucial consideration of the system is first to assimilate routinely available observations, including satellite altimetry, sea surface temperature (SST) and temperature/salinity vertical profiles, to constrain large scales and large mesoscales. High-resolution (dense) observations and future SWOT measurements can then be effectively and seamlessly assimilated to constrain the smaller scales. Using this system, a reanalysis dataset was produced for the SWOT pre-launch field campaign that took place in the California Current System from September through December, 2019. An evaluation of this system with assimilated and withheld data demonstrates its ability to effectively utilize both routine and campaign observations. These results suggest a promising avenue for data assimilation development in the SWOT altimetry era, which will require the capability to efficiently assimilate large-volume datasets resolving small-scale ocean processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Introduction.
- Author
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Archer, Matthew and Sen, Debarati
- Subjects
- *
REFUGEE camps , *NATURAL wines , *INTERSECTIONALITY , *ORGANIC farming , *WINE industry - Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. 'It's up to the market to decide': Revealing and concealing power in the sustainable tea supply chain.
- Author
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Archer, Matthew and Elliott, Hannah
- Subjects
- *
SUPPLY chains , *TEA , *SUSTAINABLE agriculture , *TEA trade , *VALUE chains - Abstract
In 2007, Unilever, the world's largest tea company, announced plans to source its entire tea supply sustainably, beginning with the certification of its tea producers in East Africa to Rainforest Alliance standards. As a major buyer of Kenyan tea, Unilever's decision pushed tea producers across Kenya to subscribe to Rainforest Alliance's sustainable agriculture standard in order to maintain access to the global tea market; according to a 2018 report, over 85% of Kenya's tea producers were Rainforest Alliance certified. Drawing on ethnographic material among supply chain actors across different sites along the sustainable tea value chain (from those designing and disseminating standards to tea traders to smallholder tea farmers), this article examines how these actors frequently attributed the power to determine the outcomes of certification to a faceless 'market'. Deferring to 'the market', we observe, served primarily to mask the outsized power of lead firms (in particular Unilever) to determine conditions of tea production and trade. At the same time, 'the market' was also in some cases qualified by our interlocutors, allowing them implicitly (and at times explicitly) to reveal power and give it a face. Concealing and revealing power in this way, we suggest, can be seen as a mode of engagement among supply chain actors operating in 'sustainable' supply chains, like the Rainforest Alliance-certified Kenyan tea supply chain, in which the power of lead firms tends to be consolidated through market-driven sustainability initiatives. Such a mode of engagement mitigates exclusion from sustainable supply chains while maintaining space for critique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Introduction: Ethnographies of power and the powerful.
- Author
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Archer, Matthew and Souleles, Daniel
- Subjects
- *
DEFAULT (Finance) , *ETHNOLOGY , *ANTHROPOLOGY , *ANTHROPOLOGISTS , *EXPERIMENTAL design - Abstract
This introduction suggests that anthropology often assumes that the people anthropologists work with are relatively powerless. Due to this default, anthropologists tend to design their research and theorizing to reflect a relatively powerless other. We suggest that the accumulated scholarship on studying up, that is, studying those who structure the lives of many others, offers more accurate ways to theorize power and its exercise as partial and situated, as well as more plural and productive ways to imagine anthropological practice and ethics. We also suggest that this line of thinking gives us some ground to speak to the larger direction of the discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Imagining Impact in Global Supply Chains: Data-Driven Sustainability and the Production of Surveillable Space.
- Author
-
Archer, Matthew
- Subjects
SUPPLY chains ,METADATA ,DEVELOPING countries ,ECONOMIC impact ,RACE relations ,SUSTAINABILITY ,SPACE surveillance - Abstract
In the context of global agrocommodity supply chains, the sociotechnical imaginary of neoliberal sustainability is characterized by a belief that the impactfulness of market-based solutions like fair trade standards and voluntary certification schemes relies on the transparency and traceability of those supply chains. Achieving transparency and traceability, however, relies on the collection, analysis, and dissemination of data about numerous social, environmental, and economic factors, data that are generated through increasingly intensive regimes of high-tech monitoring and surveillance. For my interlocutors, who work to design and promote these standards, surveillance comes to be seen as not only justified but also expected and necessary, leading to the tacit categorization of certain spaces (and the human and non-human actors who populate them) as surveillable. In the case of sustainability standards specifically, which are imposed almost exclusively on producers in the Global South, the notion of surveillable space raises important questions about race and gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Lessons Learnt (Clinical Outcomes and Cost Savings) from Virtual Stone Clinic and Their Application in the Era Post-COVID-19: Prospective Outcomes over a 6-Year Period from a University Teaching Hospital.
- Author
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Hughes, Thomas, Pietropaolo, Amelia, Archer, Matthew, Davis, Tania, Tear, Loretta, and Somani, Bhaskar K.
- Subjects
TREATMENT effectiveness ,TEACHING hospitals ,COVID-19 pandemic ,UNIVERSITY hospitals ,KIDNEY stones ,URETER diseases ,RENAL colic - Abstract
Introduction: We introduced a nurse-led telephone-based virtual stone clinic (VSC) follow-up for the surveillance of patients with asymptomatic renal calculi or those at a high risk of recurrent kidney stone disease (KSD). The aim of this study was to look at the outcomes of VSC and its role in the post-COVID era. Methods: Prospective outcomes audit was done for all patients referred to the VSC for a 6-year period (March 2014–April 2020). VSC is led by specialist stone nurses for on-going surveillance of KSD patients. Results: A total of 290 patients were seen (468 individual appointments; 1.6 ± 1.0 per patient), with a mean age of 57.0 ± 15.8 years (range: 17–92) and a men–women ratio of 3:2. The referral was for surveillance of asymptomatic small renal stones (230, 79.3%); history of recurrent stone disease (45, 15.5%); solitary kidneys (5, 1.7%); cystine stones; young age; and other conditions (10, 3.4%). The mean stone size was 5.0 ± 2.7 mm, followed up with kidney, ureter, and bladder radiograph (225, 77.6%) and ultrasound scan (USS) (65, 22.4%), for median duration of 12 months (range: 3–24 months). At the end, 132 patients (45.6%) remained in VSC, 106 (36.6%) were discharged, 47 (16.2%) returned to face-to-face clinic or treatment, and 5 (1.7%) had emergency admissions. Of 47 patients who returned, 23 (48.9%) developed new symptoms, 21 (44.6%) had stone growth, and 3 defaulted to face-to-face appointment. Thirty-five patients needed surgical intervention (URS-21, SWL-13, and PCNL-1) and 10 were managed conservatively. VSC reduced the cost per clinic appointment from £27.9 to £2 per patient (93% reduction), equating to a total saving of £12,006 for the study period. Conclusion: Nurse-led VSC not only provided a safe follow-up but also allowed to substantially reduce the cost of treatment by allowing patients to be either discharged or return to a face-to-face clinic or surgical intervention if needed. Post-COVID, this model using telemedicine will have a much wider uptake and further help to optimize health care resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Increasing the Space--Time Resolution of Mapped Sea Surface Height From Altimetry.
- Author
-
Archer, Matthew R., Zhijin Li, and Lee-Lueng Fu
- Subjects
OCEAN surface topography ,METHODOLOGY ,OCEANOGRAPHY ,OCEAN dynamics - Abstract
We present a mapping methodology to improve the resolution of gridded sea surface height (SSH) from multisatellite along-track measurements, and apply it in the California Current system. This is motivated by the upcoming Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite mission, which will collect novel high-resolution wide-swath SSH measurements. The calibration/validation of SWOT will be in the California Current and requires independent observations of SSH spatial variability. Our objective was to discover how far we could push the space--time resolution of SSH maps based on the existing altimetry constellation. Currently, the best SSH maps for the region are from AVISO's global product based on optimal interpolation (OI). Our methodology is based on 2-D variational analysis (2DVAR), and we address some limitations of the AVISO OI global parameterization that restrict the resolution. Key improvements are (1) use of a background field incorporating mesoscale information, as opposed to a long-term mean field; (2) optimized regional parameters; and (3) a representation error term in the observational error covariance matrix to account for the spread of measurements in time. Using a suite of independent remote and in situ observations, we show the 2DVAR method can produce higher-resolution SSH maps in the California Current region that successfully capture smaller-scale ocean features than AVISO, at the expense of an increase in noise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Observations of Submesoscale Variability and Frontal Subduction within the Mesoscale Eddy Field of the Tasman Sea.
- Author
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Archer, Matthew, Schaeffer, Amandine, Keating, Shane, Roughan, Moninya, Holmes, Ryan, and Siegelman, Lia
- Subjects
- *
MESOSCALE eddies , *SUBDUCTION , *ROSSBY number , *POLYWATER , *BIOLOGICAL productivity , *REMOTE-sensing images , *SUBDUCTION zones , *OXYGEN plasmas - Abstract
Submesoscale lenses of water with anomalous hydrographic properties have previously been observed in the East Australian Current (EAC) system, embedded within the thermocline of mesoscale anticyclonic eddies. The waters within these lenses have high oxygen content and temperature–salinity properties that signify a surface origin. However, it is not known how these lenses form. This study presents field observations that provide insight into a possible generation mechanism via subduction at upper-ocean fronts. High-resolution hydrographic and velocity measurements of submesoscale activity were taken across a front between a mesoscale eddy dipole downstream of the EAC separation point. The front had O(1) Rossby number, strong vertical shear, and flow conducive to symmetric instability. Frontogenesis was measured in conjunction with subduction of an anticyclonic water parcel, indicative of intrathermocline eddy formation. Twenty-five years of satellite imagery reveals the existence of strong mesoscale strain coupled with strong temperature fronts in this region and indicates the conditions that led to frontal subduction observed here are a persistent feature. These processes impact the vertical export of tracers from the surface and dissipation of mesoscale kinetic energy, implicating their importance for understanding regional ocean circulation and biological productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Eddy‐Driven Cross‐Shelf Transport in the East Australian Current Separation Zone.
- Author
-
Malan, Neil, Archer, Matthew, Roughan, Moninya, Cetina‐Heredia, Paulina, Hemming, Michael, Rocha, Carlos, Schaeffer, Amandine, Suthers, Iain, and Queiroz, Eduardo
- Subjects
EQUATORIAL currents ,SALINITY ,UNDERWATER gliders ,GEOSTROPHIC currents - Abstract
In western boundary current systems, sharp velocity gradients between the poleward flowing jet and coastal waters generally act to inhibit cross‐shelf exchange. Downstream of jet separation, dynamic mesoscale eddies dominate the flow. In the East Australian Current System, counter‐rotating eddy dipoles are often present which, in the appropriate configuration, have potential to drive cross‐shelf transport. However, this eddy dipole mode is poorly understood in the framework of cross‐shelf exchange and the effect of these structures on shelf waters is uncertain. Using 25 years of satellite altimetry, as well as in situ sampling of a typical dipole event, we investigate the characteristics of eddy‐driven cross‐shelf exchange. We show that the maximum onshore velocity is driven by an eddy dipole structure and occurs in a defined latitudinal band between 33°S and 34°S more than 50% of the time. We sample a typical eddy dipole and find a strong onshore jet, 37 km wide, with velocities up to 1.78 m s −1 and a transport of at least 16 Sv. Hydrographic data from an autonomous underwater glider show that this jet manifests on the shelf as a subsurface intrusion of warm salty water extending from offshore up onto the midshelf. In the light of climatic changes in western boundary current transport and the increase in their eddy kinetic energy, understanding eddy‐driven cross‐shelf exchange is important to predict future changes to the shelf water mass. Key Points: An eddy dipole mode is the main driver of cross‐shelf transport in the East Australian Current extensionDipole events can result in onshore velocities up to 1.78 m s −1, with a maximum transport at 33–34°SWater from the observed dipole jet is advected from offshore up to the midshelf in the form of a warm salty intrusion of offshore water [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Stakes and Stakeholders in the Climate Casino.
- Author
-
Archer, Matthew
- Subjects
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CORPORATE sustainability , *STAKEHOLDERS , *GAMBLING , *RISK , *SOCIAL responsibility of business - Abstract
This essay advances a critique of the stakeholder concept based on the relative function of stakes and stakeholders in games of risk and reward such as roulette, cockfighting, and, if economists are right, climate negotiations. It asks what happens when corporate sustainability and other market-based "solutions" to socio-ecological crises such as climate change and mass extinction are perceived as a kind of casino. Dispossessed stakeholders become background props at sustainability conferences and other events where dramatic doom-and-gloom narratives of catastrophe serve as a way to reinforce global geographies of power and extraction. Being honest about the effects of categorizing such diverse actors as stakeholders or, alternatively, being clear about what exactly the word stakeholder means in terms of power and responsibility, is an important step in reaffirming the agency of the communities who stand to lose the most in the anthropocene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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50. Introduction.
- Author
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Archer, Matthew and Sen, Debarati
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SUSTAINABILITY , *CLIMATE change , *SUSTAINABLE agriculture , *AGRICULTURE , *ENVIRONMENTAL protection , *POLITICAL ecology , *LUNCHEONS - Abstract
The articles in this issue of I Culture, Agriculture, Food and Environment i represent a diverse set of both empirical and conceptual interventions into the relationship between food, sustainability, and local socio-economic conditions. Through Wangchuk's account, the sustainability of yak farming in Bhutan emerges as a multi-faceted issue inextricable from global climatic changes, national land management policies, and local social and cultural values. Like nutrition, approaches to alternative food systems must take into account the diverse experiences and ideologies of food justice. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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