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13. Climate Change Implications for Optimal Sizing of Residential Rooftop Solar Photovoltaic Systems in Qatar.

Author

Khan, Muhammad Imran, Al Huneidi, Dana I., Asfand, Faisal, and Al-Ghamdi, Sami G.

Abstract

Climate change poses critical challenges for Qatar's energy-intensive residential building sector. This study evaluates the impact of projected climate warming on optimizing rooftop solar photovoltaics (PV) for villas. An integrated modelling approach is employed, combining building energy simulation, PV system optimization, and performance assessment under varying climate scenarios. A typical Qatari villa is modelled in DesignBuilder and simulated under the baseline (2002) conditions and the projected years 2016, 2050, and 2100, reflecting incremental warming. Results show the villa's annual electricity consumption will grow 22% by 2100, with summer peaks escalating to 26% driven by surging cooling demands. Techno-economic optimization in HOMER Pro (version 3.10) verifies a grid-connected rooftop PV system as optimal in all years, with capacity expanding from 7.4 kW to 8.2 kW between 2002 and 2100 to meet rising air conditioning loads. However, as temperatures increase, PV's energy contribution declines slightly from 18% to 16% due to climate change degrading solar yields. Nonetheless, the modelled PV system maintains strong financial viability, achieving 5–8 years of paybacks across scenarios. This analysis provides empirical evidence of distributed PV's effectiveness for Qatar's households amidst escalating cooling consumption. However, maintaining solar mitigation potential requires evolving PV sizing methodologies and incentives to account for declining panel productivity at the country's peak temperatures exceeding 50 °C. Overall, this study's integrated framework evaluates residential solar PV systems' capabilities and appropriate policy evolution under projected climate impacts for the first time in Qatar. The modelling approach and conclusions can inform building codes and pro-solar policies to accelerate adoption for emissions reduction. With villas representing over 100,000 units in Qatar, widespread rooftop PV integration can meaningfully contribute to national sustainability targets if implementation barriers are addressed considering climate change effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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20. Contributors

Author

Abdel-Azeem, Ahmed M., Abdel-Azeem, Mohamed Ahmed, Abo Nahas, Hebatallah H., Abo Nouh, Fatma A., Anand, M., Annamalai, Neelamegam, Asfand, Faisal, Ashraf, Hajra, Basra, Muhammad Asim Raza, Bhat, Rajeev, Binod, Parameswaran, Darwish, Amira M.G., Dhanavath, Srinu, Dikkala, Praveen Kumar, Elayaraja, Sivaramasamy, Eswari, E., Gezaf, Sara A., Gupta, Vijai Kumar, Hussain, Nazim, Jeevitha, P., Kaur, Ramandeep, Madhavan, Aravind, Mahboob, Shahid, Meer, Bisma, Meer, Kushif, Mehmood, Tahir, Mohamed, Teroj A., Mukherjee, Sanjay, Nadeem, Fareeha, Narsaiah, Kairam, Oleskowicz-Popiel, Piotr, Pandey, Ashok, Pandey, Daya Shankar, Paul, Sherely A., Philip, Eapen, Ranjitha, J., Reshmy, R., Roberts, Pradeepa, Rodkhum, Channarong, Sadia, Aatika, Saeed, Shagufta, Sagar, Blessy, Sai Bharadwaj, A.V.S.L., Sharma, Minaxi, Shobana, R., Sindhu, Raveendran, Sirohi, Ranjna, Sridhar, Kandi, Toor, Barinderjeet Singh, Unni, Rekha, Upadhyay, Neelam, Usmani, Zeba, Vijayalakshmi, S., Yawale, Priya, and Zhu, Daochen

Published
2023
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21. Industrial scale cTES cold thermal energy storage: Demonstrator in La Africana CSP power plant and evaluation of benefits - SOLWARIS project.

Author

Bruch, Arnaud, Patchigolla, Kumar, Asfand, Faisal, Turner, Peter, Monte, Luis Millán, Douard, Sylvie, and Richter, Christoph

Subjects
HEAT storage, POWER plants, COOLING systems, CONSTRUCTION planning, WATER consumption, BATTERY storage plants
Abstract

A 1000 m3 prototype of cold Thermal Energy Storage cTES is currently under design to be installed on the condenser cooling circuit of La Africana CSP power plant in Spain. This high TRL prototype is a proof-of-concept of the cTES concept at large scale, in real environment and real operations. The design step is almost completed and the engineering step has already begun. Construction is planned to be performed in 2020 and commissioning may start at the end of 2020. In parallel, benefits of the integration of cTES as additional cooling system has been evaluated fir the specific case of La Africana power plant, for both electricity production and water consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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22. Industrial-Scale Prototype of cTES for Water Consumption Reduction and Power Block Efficiency Improvement - SOLWATT PROJECT.

Author

Bruch, Arnaud, Patchigolla, Kumar, Asfand, Faisal, Millán Monte, Luis, Peón Menéndez, Rogelio, Douard, Sylvie, and Bourdon, Delphine

Subjects
WATER consumption, HEAT storage, SOLAR stills, PROTOTYPES, COOLING of water, CONDENSERS (Vapors & gases)
Abstract

SOLWATT project started in May 2018 and involve 9 partners (4 research organizations CEA, CIEMAT, CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY and DLR- and 5 industrial partners TSK, BRIGHTSOURCE, FENIKS, RIOGLASS and TECKNIKER). SOLWATT project is devoted to the reduction of water consumption in CSP power plant. For this purpose, mirror field cleaning, turbine condenser cooling and water recovery are considered. Present paper is devoted more particularly to the cTES industrial prototype (cold thermal energy storage) used to reduce the water consumption related to condenser cooling. The cTES is based on a single-media thermocline storage used to partially or totally store the heat flow from the condenser when ambient temperatures are too high. Storage discharge is performed during the night. A 1000 m3 cTES prototype will be designed and constructed in the 50 MWe La Africana CSP power plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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23. Analysis of heat and mass transfer in membrane-based absorbers with new working fluid mixtures for absorption cooling systems

Author

Asfand, Faisal, Bourouis Chebata, Mahmoud, Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Departament d'Enginyeria Mecànica, Departament d'Enginyeria Mecànica, and Universitat Rovira i Virgili.

Subjects
Absorption refrigeration, Refrigeración por absorción, Contactores de membrana, Heat and mass transfer, Refrigeració per absorció, Membrane contactors, Transferencia de calor y masa, Enginyeria i Arquitectura, Transferència de calor i masa, Contactors de membrana
Abstract

Absorption refrigeration technology, which has the ability to utilize heat directly for cooling purposes, has been one of the most widely used technologies for refrigeration and cooling applications since the early stages of refrigeration technology. Working fluid mixtures employed in the absorption cooling systems are environmental friendly and do not contribute in green house gas emission when compared to vapour compression systems which also use costly mechanical energy input. However, high initial costs and bigger size are some of the main obstacles that impede their wide use in small scale residential buildings and transport sector. In order to overcome these obstacles, design and configuration of the system and its components need to be reinvestigated in order to achieve compact components and reduce the size of the system. Use of membrane contactors in the form of hollow fiber membrane module or plate-and-frame membrane module is one of the alternatives to achieve compact components. Absorber is an important component of the absorption refrigeration system and plays a critical role in the overall performance, size, and capital cost of the system. In this study, numerical analyses are performed to evaluate the performance of a plate-and-frame membrane contactor based absorber employing water/(LiBr + LiI + LiNO3 + LiCl) and water/(LiNO3+KNO3+NaNO3) working fluid mixtures for air cooled absorption cooling systems and multi-stage high temperature heat sources applications, respectively. CFD tool ANSYS/FLUENT 14.0 is used to perform the simulation and investigate in detail the heat and mass transfer mechanisms and the fluid dynamics behaviour at local levels in the channels. Moreover, a MATLAB code is developed to investigate the effect of membrane material characteristics and operating conditions on the absorption performance of the absorber. This study recommends optimum operating and design parameters to effectively utilize the membrane based absorber.

Published
2016

24. Thermodynamic Performance and Water Consumption of Hybrid Cooling System Configurations for Concentrated Solar Power Plants.

Author

Asfand, Faisal, Palenzuela, Patricia, Roca, Lidia, Caron, Adèle, Lemarié, Charles-André, Gillard, Jon, Turner, Peter, and Patchigolla, Kumar

Abstract

The use of wet cooling in Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plants tends to be an unfavourable option in regions where water is scarce due to the high water requirements of the method. Dry-cooling systems allow a water consumption reduction of up to 80% but at the expense of lower electricity production. A hybrid cooling system (the combination of dry and wet cooling) offers the advantages of each process in terms of lower water consumption and higher electricity production. A model of a CSP plant which integrates a hybrid cooling system has been implemented in Thermoflex software. The water consumption and the net power generation have been evaluated for different configurations of the hybrid cooling system: series, parallel, series-parallel and parallel-series. It was found that the most favourable configuration in terms of water saving was series-parallel, in which a water reduction of up to 50% is possible compared to the only-wet cooling option, whereas an increase of 2.5% in the power generation is possible compared to the only-dry cooling option. The parallel configuration was the best in terms of power generation with an increase of 3.2% when compared with the only-dry cooling option, and a reduction of 30% water consumption compared to the only-wet cooling option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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25. Performance analysis of indirect sCO₂ cycle integrated with different heat sources and thermal energy storage

Author

Thanganadar, Dhinesh, Patchigolla, Kumar, and Asfand, Faisal

Subjects
sCO2 cycle, combined cycle, coal-fired plant, CSP, thermal energy storage, mult-objective optimisation, techno-economic
Abstract

Increasing the efficiency of the power conversion cycles are crucial in order to reducing global carbon emission. Supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO₂) cycles can achieve higher efficiency than steam Rankine cycle at higher turbine inlet temperatures (>550 °C) with a compact plant footprint (up to tenfold). This PhD study focused on investigating the thermodynamic performance of sCO₂ cycle configurations for three different heat sources: coal-fired, natural gas and concentrated solar power (CSP) plants. The proposed configurations have not only increased the efficiency compared with the state-of-the-art power cycle but also shows cost reduction potential for some heat sources. ❖ For natural gas based combined cycle power plant, the efficiency of the novel sCO₂ cascade cycle has increased by 1.4%pts compared to a triple-pressure steam Rankine cycle (base case efficiency is 58.4% LHV) for a commercial SGT5-4000F gas turbine. The CO₂ emission is reduced by 26,774 tons/year (2.3%). ❖ The proposed novel sCO2 cycle configuration increases the efficiency of coal-fired power plant has increased by 3-4%pts compared to the state-of-the-art NETL baseline steam Rankine cycle (B12A efficiency is 40.7% HHV). This corresponds to a reduction of 6-8% in the cost of electricity, however, this falls within the uncertainty range of the equipment cost functions. The increased efficiency reduces the CO₂ emission by 204,031 tons/year (6.4% reduction). ❖ For a concentrated solar power plant, the sCO2 cycle efficiency is increased by 3.8-7%pts compared to steam Rankine cycles and the novel proposed cycle can reduce the capital cost up to 10.8% compared to the state-of-the-art sCO₂ recompression cycle, which is equivalent to a reduction of about 12-26% compared with the steam Rankine cycle. The performance of sCO2 cycle is more sensitive to the variations in ambient temperature. In a CSP plant, operating the plant at high ambient temperatures, not only penalises the performance of the sCO₂ cycle (i.e., net power output and efficiency), but also the sensible heat storage capacity. For instance, the storage capacity reduces by 25% for a 13 °C increase of the ambient temperature from its design value (i.e., 42°C) when maximising the power cycle efficiency. Therefore, these effect on the levelised cost of electricity is investigated in detail, which guides the effect of different plant operating modes. The transient heat exchanger model informs that the first-order characteristic time of the recuperators is faster (20-90 secs) when using compact heat exchangers,indicating the potential of fast load ramping.

Published
2020

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