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The Oualidia lagoon on the Atlantic coast of Morocco provides important ecosystem services such as aquaculture, fisheries, tourism and high ecological and biological productivity. This is the first study to describe the spatio-temporal distribution of the crustacean community and potential controlling factors in the coastal waters of the Oualidia lagoon. Crustaceans were sampled with a Van Veen grab during two surveys in winter and summer 2013, and taxonomic composition and diversity were determined at 43 sampling sites. Of the eighteen crustacean taxa recorded, fifteen were new to Oualidia Lagoon. Sphaeroma serratum was the most abundant species in both seasons. Organic matter and chlorophyll a content were higher, temperature and salinity were lower in winter than in summer. The structure of the crustacean assemblages was characterised by the formation of two main clusters, organised according to a downstream gradient. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed that granulometry, organic matter and salinity strongly influenced the distribution pattern of crustaceans in the lagoon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fruit known as wax apple, scientifically named Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & L.M. Perry, is a well-liked agricultural product originating from Demak Regency in the Central Java Province. When it is difficult to distinguish between different forms of an organism, using DNA barcoding to authenticate the identity of species based on their DNA is an important way. The psbA-trnH intergenic spacer is a commonly used molecular approach to analyse the genetic characteristics of plant species. This study investigated the psbA-trnH intergenic spacer profile of wax apple cultivars from Demak regency. The investigation revealed that the psbA-trnH intergenic spacer sequences of the S. samarangense cultivars, namely Madu Thailand and Madu Deli Hijau, had lengths of 535 and 492 base pairs, respectively. Both cultivars demonstrate a greater nucleotide composition of deoxyadenylic acid (A) and deoxythymidylic acid (T) in comparison to deoxycytidilic acid (C) and deoxyguanylic (G). The genetic distance between S. samarangense ‘Madu Thailand’ and ‘Madu Deli Hijau’ indicates a very tight relationship, with a value of 0.000. The psbA-trnH intergenic spacer proved to be insufficient in differentiating the S. samarangense cultivars from Demak regency, mostly because to its low capacity to discern between the wax apple cultivars. Keywords: Demak, psbA-trnH intergenic spacer, Syzygium samarangense, wax apple

Numeracy is a skill needed in the 21st century. Numeracy skills are also the focus of the Independent Curriculum. One thing that can be used as an alternative for developing student numeracy is differentiated learning. In differentiated learning, there is differentiation of content, process, and product models. Therefore, this research aims to determine the differentiation of content, processes, and products oriented toward developing numeracy skills at SDN 1 Sapit, West Lombok. This research approach is qualitative with a phenomenological type. This research also involved one grade 1 teacher and six students as subjects. Data was collected through observation and interviews. The results of this research indicate that differences in students' ability levels determine differences in content, processes, and products in the learning process. Apart from that, the differences in methods also determine the guidance teachers can provide to facilitate students' diverse abilities.

The molluscan assemblages inhabiting the coastal waters of Oualidia Lagoon, Morocco, were studied during winter and summer of 2013. The taxonomic composition and diversity were determined at 43 sample sites. Thirty-four mollusc taxa were recorded in total, including 12 species of bivalves, 20 species of gastropods, 1 species of polyplacophoran and 1 species of cephalopod. Twenty-six of these species are reported here for the first time in Oualidia Lagoon. The gastropod Peringia ulvae and the bivalve Abra alba were the most abundant taxa in both seasons. The deposit-feeder trophic group was highly dominant in both seasons. A classification analysis revealed the existence of three main clusters from downstream to upstream in both seasons: a marine assemblage, a transition assemblage and a lagoon assemblage. Canonical correspondence analyses indicated that the main environmental variables governing the spatial distribution of the molluscs in winter are salinity, temperature and granulometry, whereas in summer they are salinity and granulometry. This study provides a good baseline for future ecological research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oregano (Origanum onites L.) is an important medicinal and aromatic plant. The use of sector and economic value of oregano are determined by quality in world trade. This study was conducted during 2019–2021 to determine the effects of chemical and organic fertilizers on yield and quality of O. onites L. The experiment followed a randomized complete block design with six treatments and four replications, i.e., control (C: untreated plants), chemical fertilizer (F) (150:90:100 kg · ha−1), farmyard manure (FYM), chicken manure (CM), vermicompost (VC) and spent mushroom compost (SMC) (the objective was to obtain 150 kg N · ha−1 for organic fertilizer). Fresh yield increased by 3.36%–11.44% and 5.61%–13.59% with organic fertilization as compared with the control in both years while it increased by 22% and 19.0% with chemical fertilization. FYM and SMC were more effective in fresh yield among organic fertilizers. Essential oil (EO) increased by 18.8%–50.1% and 2.94%–19.85% with fertilization as compared with the control in both years. EO yield was significantly increased by fertilization, and CM was in the lead with direct effect, while VC and FYM had residual effects. The applications increased the carvacrol and thymol content of the EO compared with the control. VC was the most effective application for total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity and plant nutritional status, especially for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium concentrations. The results showed that chemical and organic fertilizers positively affected the yield, EO content and nutritional status of O. onites.

The goal to be achieved in this study is to determine the effectiveness of the implementation of the case method (case-solving-based learning) in terms of students' collaborative abilities. This type of research is a quasi-experimental study with the research subjects used as many as 29 PGSD students at the University of Mataram. The instrument of this research used a questionnaire on student collaborative abilities totaling 25 statements with a Likert scale of 1 to 4. The questionnaire was given to students twice, namely before and after learning using the case method. The data analysis technique in this study is the normality test as a prerequisite test, the t-test to determine the difference in the average pretest and posttest collaborative questionnaires, and the N-Gain score test to conclude. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the case method is effective in terms of students' collaborative abilities. Keywords: case method, collaborative ability.

In the context of cultural anthropology, people have known various mathematical activities, such as counting, measuring, and weighting, which have different terms based on each culture. We understand that mathematics emerges from people activities in responding to the existence of their environment. Sasak people conduct various cultural activities in their daily life. One of which is in agriculture and in the form of traditional arts, therefore, this study aims to build mathematical conceptions by exploring the activities of Sasak culture that can be integrated into mathematics learning contextually. This study was an ethnographic research. Data were collected through various literature studies, field observations, and interviews with savvy informants regarding Sasak culture, traditional farming system, and Sasak traditional arts. Research results indicated that the culture of Sasak people relevant with principles and characteristics of Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) is a learning approach that can be integrated, both explicitly and implicitly

L'altération de la fonction sexuelle est souvent présente lors d'un épisode dépressif. L'objectif de notre étude est d'évaluer la fonction sexuelle chez les patients présentant un premier épisode dépressif caractérisé et étudier les différents facteurs sociodémographiques, cliniques et sexologiques associés aux dysfonctions sexuelles à travers une étude transversale descriptive, portant sur 20 hommes et 40 femmes consultant au service de psychiatrie à l'hôpital Ibn Nafiss CHU Mohammed VI Marrakech Maroc et ayant été évalués par l'échelle Arizona Sexual Experience Scale pour la fonction sexuelle et l'échelle Hamilton dépression pour la sévérité de la dépression. L'âge moyen des patients était de 34,8. Parmi, 66 % étaient de sexe féminin (n = 40). Au total, 83 % étaient d'origine urbaine, plus de 50 % avaient au minimum atteint le niveau d'études secondaire. La durée moyenne de l'épisode dépressif était de 8,42 mois. L'épisode dépressif était d'intensité moyenne chez 55 % des hommes et 65 % des femmes. Un problème de couple a été rapporté par 57,5 % des femmes et 50 % des hommes. Une baisse de la fréquence des rapports sexuels était notée chez 77,5 % des femmes et 75 % des hommes. Pour les hommes, la fonction sexuelle était altérée chez 65 %, le trouble de désir était présent dans 65 % suivi des troubles de l'érection 40 % puis les troubles de l'excitation 33 %. La fonction sexuelle était altérée chez 85 % des femmes, le désir sexuel était la phase la plus altérée (82,5 %), suivi des troubles de l'excitation (62,5 %). Nous avons trouvé que l'altération de la fonction sexuelle globale et des autres phases de la réponse sexuelle était significativement corrélée à la sévérité et la durée prolongée de l'épisode dépressif et à l'existence de problèmes de couple. L'évaluation de la fonction sexuelle doit faire partie de toute évaluation clinique chez tout patient déprimé afin de l'intégrer dans tout projet thérapeutique. Alteration of sexual function is often present during a depressive episode. The aim of our study is to assess the sexual function in patients presenting a first major depressive episode and to study the different sociodemographic, clinical and sexological characteristics associated with sexual dysfunction through a descriptive cross-sectional study, involving 20 male and 40 female followed in the department of Psychiatry at Ibn Nafiss Hospital CHU Mohammed VI Marrakech Morocco and having been evaluated by the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale for Sexual Function and the Hamilton Depression Scale for the Severity of Depression. The average age was 34.8. In all, 83% were of urban origin, more than 50% had at least high school education. The average duration of the depressive episode was 8.42 months. Over 55% of men and 65% of women reported a moderate depression. A marital discord was reported by 57.5% of female and 50% of male. A decrease of sexual activity was noted in 77.5% of female and 75% of male. In males, total dysfunction was present in 65% of the subjects, low desire 65% was most frequently reported followed by penile erection 40% and excitement problems 33%. In female subjects, total dysfunction was present in 85%, low desire 82,5% was the most common reported abnormality followed by excitement problems 62,5%. We found that the alteration of the overall sexual function and other phases were significantly correlated with the severity and duration of the depressive episode and the existence of marital discord. The assessment of sexual function must be part of any clinical evaluation in for each depressed patient in order to integrate it into the therapeutic project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perisean art developed since the 13th century according to existing history, which started with a ritual to ask for rain when there was a long dry season which resulted in a famine. Perisean art performances are currently used as mere agility art performances. Pepadu is a term for players or fighters. The show is led by three referees, one pekembar tengaq (middle referee) who is in charge of leading the fight and two pekembar sedi (side referee) who is in charge of determining each pepadu. Perisean art is not only studied in the form of art but can also be studied as a form of contextual learning in mathematics. Thus, this study aims to explore the forms of mathematics and cultural values contained in the performing arts of perisean which can later be used as a source of contextual mathematics learning. This research is a qualitative research using ethnographic method. The informants used are traditional figures, pepadu, and cultural experts who understand the art of perisean , documentation and field notes. The findings show that in the performing arts of perisean in the tradition of the Sasak people there are mathematical ideas, namely geometric shapes found in perisean art instruments and musical instruments. which has the potential as a starting point in contextual mathematics learning.

Orchid is the best tourism icon which focused on nature-based tourism development in Indonesia. Banyunganti Hamlet is one of the tourism villages in Kulon Progo which has a high diversity of orchid species. Regarding this situation, guiding and assistance for villagers which is focused on the introduction of natural orchid species and its character, conventional propagation, and modern propagation by using household-scale tissue culture techniques (sowing seeds and planting) is important to give. The long-term goal for this activity was for empowering women in Dusun Banyunganti in line with the opening of the New Yogyakarta International Airport by the government.

Mathematics is found in many activities of traditional culture. However, many perceive that mathematics is culture-free. Based on the occurring phenomenon, ethnomathematics study is made as the connector between mathematics and culture. The presence of ethnomathematics provides many opportunities to discover unique mathematical ideas exist in the traditional culture. This research aims to explore mathematical ideas in the layout of tui gubuk and the architecture of Segenter traditional house that can be made as mathematics learning sources. This study was a qualitative research with ethnographic method. This study was conducted in the traditional village of Segenter, Sukadana Village, Bayan District. Data were collected through an observation and interviews with Adat figures, cultural anthropologists, and traditional leaders who have the knowledge of the customs and culture of Bayan people, which consisted of three informants. Research results indicate that there are mathematical ideas in the layout of tui gubuk and the architecture of Segenter traditional house that can be made as the learning sources of mathematics and can be developed in mathematics learning, especially in materials of set and geometry, both geometry of space and flat geometry.

This research aimed to evaluate the residual Cu and Zn in tropical soil over 21 years after amendment with industrial waste, lime, and compost. Soil samples were collected from a well-maintained experimental field amended one time with industrial waste high in Cu and Zn set in 1998 at about 1.5–20 years after amendment. Treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with a metal-wares industrial waste at rates 0, 15, and 60 Mg·ha−1, lime at 0 and 5 Mg·ha−1, and compost at 0 and 5 Mg·ha−1. Soil samples were also taken vertically in the exact plot centers at depths of 0–75 cm of plots not amended with lime and compost and also from topsoils (0–15 cm) at 90 points with distances 50 cm between each other in each of the respective plots 21 years after amendment. Significant increases in Cu and Zn caused by waste were observed over 21 years. The increase in soil pH by lime was observed over 10 years but its effect in decreasing Cu and Zn was observed only at 1.5 years, particularly in topsoils. However, the effect of lime in lowering Cu and Zn was observed over 20 years when waste and/or compost were also given. Similarly, the effect of compost was absent over 20 years but significant when waste and/or lime were also given. The relative concentration of Cu and Zn in the 60 Mg waste ha−1 plots decreased over 20 years to 17–53% for Cu and to 12–33% for Zn; their concentrations were, in general, lower with lime and/or compost addition. The relative concentrations of Cu and Zn significantly decreased over 21 years in plots with 15 or 60 Mg·ha−1 and increased in the control plots. Heavy metals moved in soil significantly through soil tillage and erosion and partially by leaching.

Introduction: Young-onset dementia, defined as occurring before the age of 45, represents a difficult situation with severe social consequences. it's characterized by a more diverse range of sometimes reversible aetiologies compared with old-onset dementia. Objectives: Our objective is to illustrate, through a clinical vignette, a curable etiology of young-onset dementia: vitamin B12 deficiency secondary to a Biermer disease. Methods: case report. Results: Vignette: Mr. YB, 40 years old, without any significant toxic antecedent, is brought to the psychiatric consultation for memory and concentration difficulties with progressive social decline. The psychiatric interview has found a psychomotor retardation and a poor speech as well as a depressed mood. A manifest dementia was identified with a confusion note, an initial MMSE at 12/30. The general examination noted cutaneous pallor but neurological examination noted only paresthesia reported later by the patient. The blood count revealed anemia with a macrocytosis. Serum vitamin B12 was low. The diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency secondary to Biermer's disease was retained. After vitamin substitution, the evolution was marked by a dramatic improvement from the second week. The patient was able to resume his autonomy and his work.MMSEwent to 26 after a single month with improved mood without any antidepressant. Conclusions: The young age of our patient, the revelation of his anemia by isolated dementia and his favorable response to the substitution treatment makes his observation an original case. Thinking about vitamin B12 deficiency in the presence of dementia or any atypical neuropsychiatric disease, especially in young people, should be systematic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The association of brief psychotic episode - and psychotic disorders in general - with substance use disorders (SUD) is a common clinical situation. Some literature data suggest that it could increase the risk and severity of psychotic relapses. Objectives: We aimed, in this study, to determine the prevalence of SUDs in hospitalized patients for brief psychotic episode and describe the epidemiological and evolutionary characteristics in a moroccan sample. Methods: Retrospective descriptive and analytical study of patients hospitalized for the first brief psychotic episode at the Ibn Nafis psychiatric hospital in Marrakech between January 2014 and December 2016. The severity of the symptoms was evaluated by the PANSS scale. Results: 209 patients were included. They were 27 years old in average, More than 87% of them were male. Cannabis was the most consumed substance (60.8%). This substance was more frequently consumed by men and increased the rate of rehospitalization, with significant correlations (P <0.05). during the 3 years of the study, 26.5% of patients included relapsed in the same mode. The progression to schizophrenia was observed in 12.6% of patients. Conclusions: Our results show that cannabis use is alarming. This substance was marked in one-third of users (35.4%) by dependence, and it seems to have an effect on the course of the illness (increase in the number of hospitalizations). These risks deserve to be clearly mentioned in prevention programs, because of the growing number of young cannabis users. Early detection and management of SUDs would contribute to a better prognossis of the brief psychotic episode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Madura cattle is one of the Indonesian local cattle breeds derived from crossing between Zebu cattle (Bos indicus) and banteng (Bos javanicus). Branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) is one of the main enzyme complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane that metabolizes branched chain amino acid (BCAA), ie valine, leucine, and isoleucine. The diversity of the nucleotide sequences of the genes largely determine the efficiency of enzyme encoded. This paper aimed to determine the nucleotide variation contained in section intron 7, exon 8, and intron 8 genes BCKDHA on Madura cattle. This study was conducted on three Madura cattle that used as bull race (karapan), beauty contest (sonok), and beef cattle. The analysis showed that the variation in intron higher than occurred in the exon. Simultaneous indel found at base position 34 and 68 in sonok cattle. In addition, the C266T variant found in beef cattle. These variants do not cause significant changes in amino acids. There was no specific mutation in intron 7, exon 8, and intron 8 were found in Madura cattle designation. This indicated the absence of differentiation Madura cattle designation of selection pressure of BCKDHA gene.

Abstract: Foreign investment in Indonesia is affected by many factors. The main objective of this research is to get to know how effect relationship of the economic growth, exchange rate, and export to foreign direct investment (FDI) in Indonesia during the period 1984 to 2013. The data was collected from Central Agency on Statistics, Bank Indonesia, some publishing, and other agencies. To prove the research hypothesis, the writer used econometric model with Error Correction Model (ECM). The calculation result shows that the variable of economic growth in short and long periods affect positively and significant toward the foreign direct investment (FDI). The exchange rate of rupiah to US dolar affect positively and significant in the short period, while in the long period, the exchange rate affect negatively and insignificant toward foreign direct investment (FDI). In addition, the export variable affects positively and significant in the short period, and it affects negatively and insignificant toward foreign direct investment (FDI) in the long period. Abstrak: Investasi Asing langsung di Indonesia dipengaruhi berbagai faktor. Tujuan utama dari studi ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh hubungan pertumbuhan ekonomi, kurs, dan ekspor terhadap investasi asing langsung (FDI) di Indonesia periode tahun 1984 sampai 2013. Data diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik, Bank Indonesiadan beberapa penerbitan dan instansi lainnya. Model ekonometrika yang digunakan adalahModel Error Correction Model (ECM). Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa variabel pertumbuhan ekonomi dalam jangka pendek dan dalam jangka panjang berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap investasi asing langsung (FDI), nilai tukar rupiah terhadap dollar AS (KURS) dalam jangka pendek berpengaruh positif dan signifikan, dalam jangka panjang KURS berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap investasi asing langsung (FDI), dan variabel ekspor dalam jangka pendek berpengaruh positif dan signifikan, dalam jangka panjang ekspor berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap investasi asing langsung (FDI).

Introduction: Antipsychotics are widely used in psychiatry for different pathologies. They remain a highly potentially dangerous family of medications. The NICE has made recommendations regarding the monitoring of complications of antipsychotics. Objectives: To evaluate adherence of young psychiatrists to NICE recommendations for evaluating complications of antipsychotics. To improve awareness of young psychiatrists and their practice concerning this issue. To establish a system of prevention of complications of antipsychotics in Ibn Nafis hospital. Methods: A transversal study was conducted. À questionnaire was given to 40 young psychiatrists (interns and residents in psychiatry). The questionnaire included questions about four categories: lifestyle physical activity Weaning tobacco precautions while prescribing antipsychotics In this last category, the guidelines of NICE were used as a reference. Results: 50% of young practitioners give their patients advice concerning lifestyle, but only 10% refer them to an actual program of dietetic education or physical activity. 55% of patients talk about weaning tobacco to their patients. 25 % of them refer to a specialist in addictology. 60% of young psychiatrists never measure their patients weight prior to introducing antipsychotics. 10% ask for a lipidic screening in all patients, while 70% ask for a glycemic screening before introducing antipsychotics. 80% maintain an annual screening of glucose. 60% maintain a screening for abnormal movements during follow-up. Conclusions: There is a wide disparity between practitioners. Older ones are more precautious than younger ones. A unified practice should be encouraged through pre-established screening vouchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose This study aims to evaluate relationship might exist between new indices of structural damage provided by FD‐OCT which analyses macular ganglion cell complex (mGCC) and functional indices collected in standard automated perimetry (SAP). Methods 102 eyes (56 PAOG and 46 control) benefited a SAP(Humphrey SITA‐Standard 24.2, Carl Zeiss Meditec) and an FD‐OCT imaging (RTVue 100, macular grid of 7*7mm, Optovue Inc.). We analyse: MD, PSD and VFI for functional analysis, and focal and global losses (FLV and GLV) of mGCC for macular mapping. Statistical regression analysis was used to assess possible structure‐function relationship. Results Glaucoma (66.2±3.5y) results report: MD:‐6.25±1.46dB, PSD:5.9±1.1dB, VFI:84±4.7%, FLV:4.84±1.26% and GLV:19.2±2.7%. Controls (61.6±4y) results were: MD:0.36±0.22dB, PSD:1.6 ± 0.1dB, VFI:99±0.5%, FLV:2.04±0.59 and GLV:9.8±2.3%. Structural damage and functional impairment indices may be correlated by linear regression. Correlation is higher in glaucoma group. Strongest relation is between PSD and FLV with determination coefficient (r ²) of 0,63. Conclusion This study evaluates the possible relationship between new structural and functional parameters in 2 age‐matched groups. Linear correlation, greater in glaucoma group, emphasizes a structure‐function relationship with a highest determination coefficient of 0,63. This correlation is between focal indices of structural and functional damage (PSD and FLV). New FD‐OCT parameters of mGCC provided us a better understanding of glaucoma structural damage. Assessment of structure‐function relationship is improved and we find a higher correlation between focal indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Vaccination increase immunity against diphtheria, yet will decrease by aging. Therefore, boosters are needed to be done regularly., Objectives: This study aims to determine the immunity to diphtheria for the population of 16 years old and above., Methods: The sample of study were 295 collected blood serums by Riskesdas project in 2013, the criteria was above 15 years of age and originating from the Provinces of Central Java or East Java inclusively. Immunity assessment was based on antibody titer (IgG) against diphtheria using Vero Cell cytotoxicity test. Statistical analysis was performed using the X2 test., Results: The full protective IgG titer (>0.1 IU/ml) at the age of 16-20 years included 75% sample with a geometric mean titer (GMT) of 0.19 IU/ml. Yet, at the age of 21-60 years and > 60 years, full protective IgG titers only cover 45.5% and 33.3% sample with GMT respectively 0.06 IU / ml. Statistical analysis showed the relationship between age and immune status with p-value 0.003. Otherwise, no relationship between the status of immunity with sex and residency with p-values of 0.16 and 0.43., Conclusions: The immune status against diphtheria at the age of above 15 years decreases with aging., (© 2021 Sunarno et al.)

Background: Priapism is a prolonged stimulation with painful, persistent penile erection unaccompanied by sexual desire. It is a rare but serious urological emergency. Risperidone is an atypical antipsychotic widely prescribed for the treatment of behavior problems in children with autism spectrum disorder. It seems associated with priapism in children., Case Presentation: We present a case of a 12-year-old Moroccan boy diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder who developed priapism while on an existing regimen of risperidone, and we report the treatment decisions that followed., Conclusions: Clinicians who prescribe risperidone should be aware of the possibility of this rare complication in their patients. Information about this possible side effect and instructions regarding appropriate response should be made available to caregivers of those in the at-risk group of young patients.

Background: Epidemiological studies of schizophrenia suggest that this disorder has a substantial genetic component. Cognitive and social abilities, as well as the volumes of brain regions involved in emotion processing, have been found to be distributed along a continuum when comparing patients, siblings and controls, with siblings showing intermediate scores., Aims: To establish whether facial expression recognition is impaired in unaffected siblings of patients., Method: Emotion and gender recognition were evaluated in a three-group pre-post study design in drug-naive patients with first-episode schizophrenia (n=40) and their unaffected siblings (n=30) compared with controls (n=26)., Results: Patients and their healthy siblings showed impaired emotion recognition but normal gender recognition compared with controls. Patients'performance did not improve despite effective clinical stabilisation., Conclusions: Impaired performance in healthy siblings and time stability in patients provides evidence of impairment of facial emotion recognition as an actual phenotype of schizophrenia.