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1. Antiretroviral Drug Discovery Targeting the HIV-1 Nef Virulence Factor

Author

Lori A. Emert-Sedlak, Haibin Shi, Colin M. Tice, Li Chen, John J. Alvarado, Sherry T. Shu, Shoucheng Du, Catherine E. Thomas, Jay E. Wrobel, Allen B. Reitz, and Thomas E. Smithgall

Subjects
HIV-1, AIDS, Nef, MHC-I, latent viral reservoir, antiretroviral, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

While antiretroviral drugs have transformed the lives of HIV-infected individuals, chronic treatment is required to prevent rebound from viral reservoir cells. People living with HIV also are at higher risk for cardiovascular and neurocognitive complications, as well as cancer. Finding a cure for HIV-1 infection is therefore an essential goal of current AIDS research. This review is focused on the discovery of pharmacological inhibitors of the HIV-1 Nef accessory protein. Nef is well known to enhance HIV-1 infectivity and replication, and to promote immune escape of HIV-infected cells by preventing cell surface MHC-I display of HIV-1 antigens. Recent progress shows that Nef inhibitors not only suppress HIV-1 replication, but also restore sufficient MHC-I to the surface of infected cells to trigger a cytotoxic T lymphocyte response. Combining Nef inhibitors with latency reversal agents and therapeutic vaccines may provide a path to clearance of viral reservoirs.

Published
2022
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2. Measurement of the 3He spin-structure functions and of neutron (3He) spin-dependent sum rules at 0.035 ≤ Q2 ≤ 0.24 GeV2

Author

V. Sulkosky, J.T. Singh, C. Peng, J.-P. Chen, A. Deur, S. Abrahamyan, K.A. Aniol, D.S. Armstrong, T. Averett, S.L. Bailey, A. Beck, P. Bertin, F. Butaru, W. Boeglin, A. Camsonne, G.D. Cates, C.C. Chang, Seonho Choi, E. Chudakov, L. Coman, J.C. Cornejo, B. Craver, F. Cusanno, R. De Leo, C.W. de Jager, J.D. Denton, S. Dhamija, R. Feuerbach, J.M. Finn, S. Frullani, K. Fuoti, H. Gao, F. Garibaldi, O. Gayou, R. Gilman, A. Glamazdin, C. Glashausser, J. Gomez, J.-O. Hansen, D. Hayes, B. Hersman, D.W. Higinbotham, T. Holmstrom, T.B. Humensky, C.E. Hyde, H. Ibrahim, M. Iodice, X. Jiang, L.J. Kaufman, A. Kelleher, K.E. Keister, W. Kim, A. Kolarkar, N. Kolb, W. Korsch, K. Kramer, G. Kumbartzki, L. Lagamba, V. Lainé, G. Laveissiere, J.J. Lerose, D. Lhuillier, R. Lindgren, N. Liyanage, H.-J. Lu, B. Ma, D.J. Margaziotis, P. Markowitz, K. McCormick, M. Meziane, Z.-E. Meziani, R. Michaels, B. Moffit, P. Monaghan, S. Nanda, J. Niedziela, M. Niskin, R. Pandolfi, K.D. Paschke, M. Potokar, A.J.R. Puckett, V.A. Punjabi, Y. Qiang, R. Ransome, B. Reitz, R. Roché, A. Saha, A. Shabetai, S. Širca, K. Slifer, R. Snyder, P. Solvignon, R. Stringer, R. Subedi, W.A. Tobias, N. Ton, P.E. Ulmer, G.M. Urciuoli, A. Vacheret, E. Voutier, K. Wang, L. Wan, B. Wojtsekhowski, S. Woo, H. Yao, J. Yuan, X. Zhan, X. Zheng, and L. Zhu

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The spin-structure functions g1 and g2, and the spin-dependent partial cross-section σTT have been extracted from the polarized cross-sections differences, Δσ∥(ν,Q2) and Δσ⊥(ν,Q2) measured for the He3→(e→,e′)X reaction, in the E97-110 experiment at Jefferson Lab. Polarized electrons with energies from 1.147 to 4.404 GeV were scattered at angles of 6∘ and 9∘ from a longitudinally or transversely polarized 3He target. The data cover the kinematic regions of the quasi-elastic, resonance production and beyond. From the extracted spin-structure functions, the first moments Γ1‾(Q2), Γ2(Q2) and ITT(Q2) are evaluated with high precision for the neutron in the Q2 range from 0.035 to 0.24GeV2. The comparison of the data and the chiral effective field theory predictions reveals the importance of proper treatment of the Δ degree of freedom for spin observables.

Published
2020
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3. Cypin: A novel target for traumatic brain injury

Author

Przemyslaw Swiatkowski, Emily Sewell, Eric S. Sweet, Samantha Dickson, Rachel A. Swanson, Sara A. McEwan, Nicholas Cuccolo, Mark E. McDonnell, Mihir V. Patel, Nevin Varghese, Barclay Morrison, Allen B. Reitz, David F. Meaney, and Bonnie L. Firestein

Subjects
Cypin, Traumatic brain injury, Glutamate-induced toxicity, Guanine deaminase activity, Electrophysiology, Controlled cortical impact, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

Cytosolic PSD-95 interactor (cypin), the primary guanine deaminase in the brain, plays key roles in shaping neuronal circuits and regulating neuronal survival. Despite this pervasive role in neuronal function, the ability for cypin activity to affect recovery from acute brain injury is unknown. A key barrier in identifying the role of cypin in neurological recovery is the absence of pharmacological tools to manipulate cypin activity in vivo. Here, we use a small molecule screen to identify two activators and one inhibitor of cypin's guanine deaminase activity. The primary screen identified compounds that change the initial rate of guanine deamination using a colorimetric assay, and secondary screens included the ability of the compounds to protect neurons from NMDA-induced injury and NMDA-induced decreases in frequency and amplitude of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents. Hippocampal neurons pretreated with activators preserved electrophysiological function and survival after NMDA-induced injury in vitro, while pretreatment with the inhibitor did not. The effects of the activators were abolished when cypin was knocked down. Administering either cypin activator directly into the brain one hour after traumatic brain injury significantly reduced fear conditioning deficits 5 days after injury, while delivering the cypin inhibitor did not improve outcome after TBI. Together, these data demonstrate that cypin activation is a novel approach for improving outcome after TBI and may provide a new pathway for reducing the deficits associated with TBI in patients.

Published
2018
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4. Biophysical Screens Identify Fragments That Bind to the Viral DNA-Binding Proteins EBNA1 and LANA

Author

Troy E. Messick, Lois Tolvinski, Edward R. Zartler, Anna Moberg, Åsa Frostell, Garry R. Smith, Allen B. Reitz, and Paul M. Lieberman

Subjects
Epstein–Barr virus, Epstein–Barr nuclear antigen 1, Kaposi’s sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV), latency-associated nuclear antigen, protein–DNA interaction, saturation transfer difference-nuclear magnetic resonance, Organic chemistry, QD241-441
Abstract

The human gamma-herpesviruses Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) (HHV-4) and Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) (HHV-8) are responsible for a number of diseases, including various types of cancer. Epstein–Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) from EBV and latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) from KSHV are viral-encoded DNA-binding proteins that are essential for the replication and maintenance of their respective viral genomes during latent, oncogenic infection. As such, EBNA1 and LANA are attractive targets for the development of small-molecule inhibitors. To this end, we performed a biophysical screen of EBNA1 and LANA using a fragment library by saturation transfer difference (STD)–NMR spectroscopy and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). We identified and validated a number of unique fragment hits that bind to EBNA1 or LANA. We also determined the high-resolution crystal structure of one fragment bound to EBNA1. Results from this screening cascade provide new chemical starting points for the further development of potent inhibitors for this class of viral proteins.

Published
2020
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5. Advancement of the 5-Amino-1-(Carbamoylmethyl)-1H-1,2,3-Triazole-4-Carboxamide Scaffold to Disarm the Bacterial SOS Response

Author

Trevor Selwood, Brian J. Larsen, Charlie Y. Mo, Matthew J. Culyba, Zachary M. Hostetler, Rahul M. Kohli, Allen B. Reitz, and Simon D. P. Baugh

Subjects
SOS response, antibiotic resistance, structure activity analysis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, DNA damage, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Many antibiotics, either directly or indirectly, cause DNA damage thereby activating the bacterial DNA damage (SOS) response. SOS activation results in expression of genes involved in DNA repair and mutagenesis, and the regulation of the SOS response relies on two key proteins, LexA and RecA. Genetic studies have indicated that inactivating the regulatory proteins of this response sensitizes bacteria to antibiotics and slows the appearance of resistance. However, advancement of small molecule inhibitors of the SOS response has lagged, despite their clear promise in addressing the threat of antibiotic resistance. Previously, we had addressed this deficit by performing a high throughput screen of ∼1.8 million compounds that monitored for inhibition of RecA-mediated auto-proteolysis of Escherichia coli LexA, the reaction that initiates the SOS response. In this report, the refinement of the 5-amino-1-(carbamoylmethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamide scaffold identified in the screen is detailed. After development of a modular synthesis, a survey of key activity determinants led to the identification of an analog with improved potency and increased breadth, targeting auto-proteolysis of LexA from both E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Comparison of the structure of this compound to those of others in the series suggests structural features that may be required for activity and cross-species breadth. In addition, the feasibility of small molecule modulation of the SOS response was demonstrated in vivo by the suppression of the appearance of resistance. These structure activity relationships thus represent an important step toward producing Drugs that Inhibit SOS Activation to Repress Mechanisms Enabling Resistance (DISARMERs).

Published
2018
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6. Relationship of Impairments in Associative Learning With Intellectual Disability and Cerebellar Hypoplasia in Autistic Children

Author

John P. Welsh, Jeffrey Munson, Tanya St John, Christina N. Meehan, Elise Tran Abraham, Frederick B. Reitz, K. Kawena Begay, Stephen R. Dager, and Annette M. Estes

Subjects
Neurology (clinical), Research Article
Abstract

Background and ObjectivesThe severity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) varies widely and is associated with intellectual disability (ID) and brain dysmorphology. We tested the hypothesis that the heterogeneity of ASD can be accounted for, in part, by altered associative learning measured by eye-blink conditioning (EBC) paradigms, used to test for forebrain and cerebellar dysfunction across the full range of ASD severity and intellectual ability.MethodsChildren in this cohort study were diagnosed with ASD or typical development (TD); most children were recruited from a 10-year longitudinal study. Outcome measures were the percentage and timing of conditioned eye-blink responses (CRs) acquired to a tone, recorded photometrically and related to measures of ASD severity, IQ, and age 2 brain morphometry by MRI. A sequence of trace and delay EBC was used. Analysis of variance,ttest, and logistic regression (LR) were used.ResultsSixty-two children were studied at school age. Nine children with ASD with ID since age 2 (ASD + ID; IQ = 49 ± 6; 11.9 ± 0.2 years old [±SD]) learned more slowly than 30 children with TD (IQ = 120 ± 16; 10.5 ± 1.5 years old [±SD]) during trace EBC and showed atypically early-onset CRs (1.4 SD pre-TD) related to hypoplasia of the cerebellum at age 2 but not of the amygdala, hippocampus, or cerebral cortex. Conversely, 16 children with ASD with robust intellectual development since age 2 (IQ = 100 ± 3; 12.0 ± 0.4 years old [±SD]) learned typically but showed early-onset CRs only during long-delay EBC (0.8 SD pre-TD) unrelated to hypoplasia of any measured brain area. Using 16 EBC measures, binary LR classified ASD and TD with 80% accuracy (95% CI = 72–88%), 81% sensitivity (95% CI = 69–92%), and 79% specificity (95% CI = 68–91%); multinomial LR more accurately classified children based on ID (94% accuracy, 95% CI = 89–100%) than ASD severity (85% accuracy, 95% CI = 77–93%). Separate analyses of 39 children with MRI (2.1 ± 0.3 years old [±SD]) indicated that cerebellar hypoplasia did not predict ASD + ID over ages 2–4 (Cohen d = 0.3) compared with early-onset CRs during age 11 trace EBC (Cohen d = −1.3).DiscussionTrace EBC reveals the relationship between cerebellar hypoplasia and ASD + ID likely by engaging cerebrocerebellar circuits involved in intellectual ability and implicit timing. Follow-up prospective studies using associative learning can determine whether ID can be predicted in children with early ASD diagnoses.

Published
2023

10. Calcium Regulation of Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Budding: Mechanistic Implications for Host-Oriented Therapeutic Intervention.

Author

Ziying Han, Jonathan J Madara, Andrew Herbert, Laura I Prugar, Gordon Ruthel, Jianhong Lu, Yuliang Liu, Wenbo Liu, Xiaohong Liu, Jay E Wrobel, Allen B Reitz, John M Dye, Ronald N Harty, and Bruce D Freedman

Subjects
Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Hemorrhagic fever viruses, including the filoviruses (Ebola and Marburg) and arenaviruses (Lassa and Junín viruses), are serious human pathogens for which there are currently no FDA approved therapeutics or vaccines. Importantly, transmission of these viruses, and specifically late steps of budding, critically depend upon host cell machinery. Consequently, strategies which target these mechanisms represent potential targets for broad spectrum host oriented therapeutics. An important cellular signal implicated previously in EBOV budding is calcium. Indeed, host cell calcium signals are increasingly being recognized to play a role in steps of entry, replication, and transmission for a range of viruses, but if and how filoviruses and arenaviruses mobilize calcium and the precise stage of virus transmission regulated by calcium have not been defined. Here we demonstrate that expression of matrix proteins from both filoviruses and arenaviruses triggers an increase in host cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration by a mechanism that requires host Orai1 channels. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Orai1 regulates both VLP and infectious filovirus and arenavirus production and spread. Notably, suppression of the protein that triggers Orai activation (Stromal Interaction Molecule 1, STIM1) and genetic inactivation or pharmacological blockade of Orai1 channels inhibits VLP and infectious virus egress. These findings are highly significant as they expand our understanding of host mechanisms that may broadly control enveloped RNA virus budding, and they establish Orai and STIM1 as novel targets for broad-spectrum host-oriented therapeutics to combat these emerging BSL-4 pathogens and potentially other enveloped RNA viruses that bud via similar mechanisms.

Published
2015
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11. Inositol Phosphates and Derivatives

Author

ALLEN B. REITZ, R. Parthasarathy, F. Eisenberg, B. W. Agranoff, S. K. Fisher, Clinton E. Ballou, Werner Tegge, Shoichiro Ozaki, Yutaka Watanabe, Joseph P. Vacca, S. Jane de Solms, Steven D. Young, Joel R. Huff, David C. Billington, Raymond Baker, Janusz J. Kulagowski, Ian M. Mawer, Trupti Desai, Alfonso Fernandez-May, Allen B. Reitz, M. Joan Comstock

Published
1991

12. Measurement of the generalized spin polarizabilities of the neutron in the low $Q^2$ region

Author

Juan C. Cornejo, Seung-Tae Woo, D. Hayes, Charles Hyde, Bogdan Wojtsekhowski, Kebin Wang, Seema Dhamija, W. Boeglin, Antonin Vacheret, Kathryn E. Keister, Sirish Nanda, Jennifer Niedziela, D. S. Armstrong, Simon Širca, P. Solvignon, A. Kelleher, T. Holmstrom, K. Kramer, Thomas B. Humensky, Ronald Pandolfi, Ngyen Ton, S. Frullani, Mikhail Niskin, R. Subedi, Geraud Laveissiere, X. Zheng, Douglas Higinbotham, Sergey Abrahamyan, L. J. Kaufman, B. Ma, John J. Lerose, L. Lagamba, J. Gomez, Jian-Ping Chen, Haiyan Gao, Nilanga Liyanage, Lu Wan, P. Monaghan, Raffaele De Leo, Arun Saha, R. J. Feuerbach, B. Craver, Olivier Gayou, Karl Slifer, Jing Yuan, Xiandong Jiang, Stephen J. Bailey, Alexander Shabetai, R. A. Lindgren, V. Laine, L. Zhu, Chia-Cheh Chang, V. Sulkosky, F. Garibaldi, Zein-Eddine Meziani, L. Coman, Florentin Butaru, Yi Qiang, Jaideep Singh, Chao Peng, Arie Beck, R. Michaels, Robert Stringer, David Lhuillier, Konrad A. Aniol, Gerfried Kumbartzki, Gordon D. Cates, Seonho Choi, Paul Ulmer, Mehdi Meziane, Cornelis W. de Jager, Ronald Gilman, A. Camsonne, Peter Markowitz, H. F. Ibrahim, Wolfgang Korsch, Milan Potokar, Ronald Ransome, Xiaohui Zhan, Andrew Puckett, J. O. Hansen, J. M. Finn, M. Iodice, Kirsten Fuoti, A. Kolarkar, Joseph D. Denton, E. Chudakov, Pierre Bertin, Hai-Jiang Lu, Norm Kolb, T. Averett, Kent Paschke, Charles Glashausser, Rikki Roche, R. Snyder, G. M. Urciuoli, F. Cusanno, Bryan J. Moffit, William A. Tobias, F. William Hersman, A. Deur, B. Reitz, E. Voutier, V. A. Punjabi, A.V. Glamazdin, Huan Yao, W. Kim, Kathleen R. McCormick, Demetrius J. Margaziotis, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Département de Physique Nucléaire (ex SPhN) (DPHN), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
Physics, experimental results, nucleon: structure, spin: precession, n: spin, spin: polarizability, momentum transfer: low, Jefferson Lab, effective field theory: chiral, electromagnetic field, strong interaction, nonperturbative, Particle physics, Proton, Strong interaction, Hadron, Nuclear Theory, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], 3. Good health, 010305 fluids & plasmas, 0103 physical sciences, Quark–gluon plasma, Effective field theory, Neutron, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nucleon, Nuclear Experiment, Spin-½
Abstract

Understanding the nucleon spin structure in the regime where the strong interaction becomes truly strong poses a challenge to both experiment and theory. At energy scales below the nucleon mass of about 1 GeV, the intense interaction among the quarks and gluons inside the nucleon makes them highly correlated. Their coherent behaviour causes the emergence of effective degrees of freedom, requiring the application of non-perturbative techniques, such as chiral effective field theory. Here, we present measurements of the neutron's generalized spin-polarizabilities that quantify the neutron's spin precession under electromagnetic fields at very low energy-momentum transfer squared down to 0.035 GeV$^2$. In this regime, chiral effective field theory calculations are expected to be applicable. Our data, however, show a strong discrepancy with these predictions, presenting a challenge to the current description of the neutron's spin properties., V1: initial version submitted to Nature Physics. V2: Published version. 16 pages, 7 figures. Additional material: 4 data tables (18 pages) V3: Typo corrected in author list. Paper content unchanged

Published
2021
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13. Measurement of the 3He spin-structure functions and of neutron (3He) spin-dependent sum rules at 0.035 ≤ Q2 ≤ 0.24 GeV2

Author

Wolfgang Korsch, P.Y. Bertin, A. Shabetai, N. Kolb, Pete Markowitz, Houbing Lu, T.B. Humensky, K. Kramer, R. Roche, Z. E. Meziani, R. De Leo, Antonin Vacheret, Ronald Ransome, Jaideep Singh, R. J. Feuerbach, M. Iodice, F. Garibaldi, W. U. Boeglin, Nilanga Liyanage, L. J. Kaufman, X. Zhan, J. Yuan, J. Gomez, L. Zhu, R. Stringer, L. Wan, Seung-Tae Woo, H. F. Ibrahim, D. Hayes, L. Lagamba, J. Niedziela, Ronald Pandolfi, Douglas Higinbotham, A.J.R. Puckett, S. Dhamija, K. McCormick, S. L. Bailey, Bogdan Wojtsekhowski, J. P. Chen, V. Laine, E. Chudakov, X. Zheng, S. Frullani, P. Monaghan, S. K. Nanda, B. Craver, Yujie Qiang, G. J. Kumbartzki, D. S. Armstrong, J. O. Hansen, P. E. Ulmer, N. Ton, K. E. Keister, G. Laveissière, J. M. Finn, Simon Širca, B. Ma, K. Wang, B. Hersman, R. A. Lindgren, J. J. LeRose, M. Niskin, A. Saha, A. Kelleher, Karl Slifer, V. Sulkosky, F. Cusanno, Seonho Choi, S. Abrahamyan, Ronald Gilman, A. Deur, A. V. Glamazdin, A. Camsonne, D. Lhuillier, J. C. Cornejo, P. Solvignon, R. Subedi, A. Kolarkar, A. Beck, T. Averett, C. E. Hyde, Kent Paschke, Charles Glashausser, V. A. Punjabi, W. Kim, Haiyan Gao, E. Voutier, M. Potokar, L. Coman, J. D. Denton, B. Reitz, C. C. Chang, Olivier Gayou, K. Fuoti, X. Jiang, D. J. Margaziotis, C. Peng, H. Yao, G. D. Cates, William A. Tobias, R. Snyder, G. M. Urciuoli, C. W. de Jager, K. A. Aniol, Bryan J. Moffit, T. Holmstrom, M. Meziane, F. Butaru, R. Michaels, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Département de Physique Nucléaire (ex SPhN) (DPHN), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Jefferson Lab E97-110, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and E97-110

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, n: polarization, Electron, structure function: spin, Spin structure, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], spin: dependence, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, 0103 physical sciences, Effective field theory, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Neutron, helium: polarization, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Spin-½, Physics, Quantum chromodynamics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, deuteron: structure function, cross section: difference, Resonance, Observable, perturbation theory: chiral, lcsh:QC1-999, sum rule: spin, Atomic physics, spin: asymmetry, lcsh:Physics, experimental results, Jefferson Lab
Abstract

The spin-structure functions $g_1$ and $g_2$, and the spin-dependent partial cross-section $\sigma_\mathrm{TT}$ have been extracted from the polarized cross-sections differences, $\Delta \sigma_{\parallel}\hspace{-0.06cm}\left(\nu,Q^{2}\right)$ and $\Delta \sigma_{\perp}\hspace{-0.06cm}\left(\nu,Q^{2}\right)$ measured for the $\vec{^\textrm{3}\textrm{He}}(\vec{\textrm{e}},\textrm{e}')\textrm{X}$ reaction, in the E97-110 experiment at Jefferson Lab. Polarized electrons with energies from 1.147 to 4.404 GeV were scattered at angles of 6$^{\circ}$ and 9$^{\circ}$ from a longitudinally or transversely polarized $^{3}$He target. The data cover the kinematic regions of the quasi-elastic, resonance production and beyond. From the extracted spin-structure functions, the first moments $\overline{\Gamma_1}\hspace{-0.06cm}\left(Q^{2}\right)$, $\Gamma_2\hspace{-0.06cm}\left(Q^{2}\right)$ and $I_{\mathrm{TT}}\hspace{-0.06cm}\left(Q^{2}\right)$ are evaluated with high precision for the neutron in the $Q^2$ range from 0.035 to 0.24~GeV$^{2}$. The comparison of the data and the chiral effective field theory predictions reveals the importance of proper treatment of the $\Delta$ degree of freedom for spin observables., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables. Version published in Phys. Lett. B

Published
2020
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15. Cypin: A novel target for traumatic brain injury

Author

Bonnie L. Firestein, Sara A. McEwan, Nevin Varghese, Barclay Morrison, Eric S. Sweet, Emily Sewell, Rachel A. Swanson, David F. Meaney, Mark E. McDonnell, Przemyslaw Swiatkowski, Samantha Dickson, Nicholas G. Cuccolo, Allen B. Reitz, and Mihir V. Patel

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Cypin, N-Methylaspartate, Traumatic brain injury, Hippocampal formation, Hippocampus, Neuroprotection, Article, lcsh:RC321-571, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, Guanine deaminase, Organ Culture Techniques, 0302 clinical medicine, Brain Injuries, Traumatic, Chlorocebus aethiops, medicine, Animals, Dimethyl Sulfoxide, Fear conditioning, lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Cells, Cultured, Guanine Deaminase, Guanine deaminase activity, Activator (genetics), business.industry, Glutamate-induced toxicity, Controlled cortical impact, Fear, medicine.disease, Rats, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Electrophysiology, 030104 developmental biology, Neurology, nervous system, COS Cells, Excitatory postsynaptic potential, business, Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Cytosolic PSD-95 interactor (cypin), the primary guanine deaminase in the brain, plays key roles in shaping neuronal circuits and regulating neuronal survival. Despite this pervasive role in neuronal function, the ability for cypin activity to affect recovery from acute brain injury is unknown. A key barrier in identifying the role of cypin in neurological recovery is the absence of pharmacological tools to manipulate cypin activity in vivo . Here, we use a small molecule screen to identify two activators and one inhibitor of cypin's guanine deaminase activity. The primary screen identified compounds that change the initial rate of guanine deamination using a colorimetric assay, and secondary screens included the ability of the compounds to protect neurons from NMDA-induced injury and NMDA-induced decreases in frequency and amplitude of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents. Hippocampal neurons pretreated with activators preserved electrophysiological function and survival after NMDA-induced injury in vitro , while pretreatment with the inhibitor did not. The effects of the activators were abolished when cypin was knocked down. Administering either cypin activator directly into the brain one hour after traumatic brain injury significantly reduced fear conditioning deficits 5 days after injury, while delivering the cypin inhibitor did not improve outcome after TBI. Together, these data demonstrate that cypin activation is a novel approach for improving outcome after TBI and may provide a new pathway for reducing the deficits associated with TBI in patients.

Published
2018

16. Choriodecidual group B streptococcal inoculation induces fetal lung injury without intra-amniotic infection and preterm labor in Macaca nemestrina.

Author

Kristina M Adams Waldorf, Michael G Gravett, Ryan M McAdams, Louis J Paolella, G Michael Gough, David J Carl, Aasthaa Bansal, H Denny Liggitt, Raj P Kapur, Frederick B Reitz, and Craig E Rubens

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Early events leading to intrauterine infection and fetal lung injury remain poorly defined, but may hold the key to preventing neonatal and adult chronic lung disease. Our objective was to establish a nonhuman primate model of an early stage of chorioamnionitis in order to determine the time course and mechanisms of fetal lung injury in utero.Ten chronically catheterized pregnant monkeys (Macaca nemestrina) at 118-125 days gestation (term=172 days) received one of two treatments: 1) choriodecidual and intra-amniotic saline (n=5), or 2) choriodecidual inoculation of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) 1×10(6) colony forming units (n=5). Cesarean section was performed regardless of labor 4 days after GBS or 7 days after saline infusion to collect fetal and placental tissues. Only two GBS animals developed early labor with no cervical change in the remaining animals. Despite uterine quiescence in most cases, blinded review found histopathological evidence of fetal lung injury in four GBS animals characterized by intra-alveolar neutrophils and interstitial thickening, which was absent in controls. Significant elevations of cytokines in amniotic fluid (TNF-α, IL-8, IL-1β, IL-6) and fetal plasma (IL-8) were detected in GBS animals and correlated with lung injury (p

Published
2011
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17. 1272. Efficacy of a Non-Peptide, Small Molecule Mimic of Host Defense Proteins in Mouse Models of Disseminated Candidiasis and Aspergillosis

Author

Ashley Deviney, Katie B. Freeman, David B Whitman, Gill Diamond, Allen B. Reitz, Anna L Chaly, Mark Pulse, Richard W. Scott, Simon D P Baugh, Damian G. Weaver, William J. Weiss, Phung Nguyen, and Sandeep Thanna

Subjects
biology, Host (biology), business.industry, Aspergillosis, medicine.disease, Disseminated Candidiasis, biology.organism_classification, Small molecule, Non peptide, Aspergillus fumigatus, Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, AcademicSubjects/MED00290, Oncology, Poster Abstracts, medicine, Candida albicans, Cytotoxicity, business
Abstract

Background We are developing a series of small nonpeptide mimics of host defense proteins (smHDPs) for antifungal applications. MICs < 0.1 µg/ ml have been demonstrated against multiple yeast and mold species. Their potential therapeutic utility has been evaluated in animal models of disseminated fungal infections. Methods Susceptibility testing against clinical isolates of Candida albicans (CA) and Aspergillus fumigatus (AF) was done according to CLSI guidelines. Cytotoxicity (CC50) in mouse 3T3 and human HepG2 cells was determined in an MTS assay (Promega Cell Titer 96). For candidiasis, neutropenic CD-1 mice were infected IV with 3.5 x 104 CFU CA and test agents were administered subcutaneously (SC) once (QD) or twice (BID) daily beginning 2 hrs post-infection (PI). The positive control was fluconazole (20 mg/kg PO QD). Kidney burdens were measured at 24 hrs PI (n = 5/grp) and survival was measured at 2 weeks after 5 days of treatment (n = 8/grp). For aspergillosis, neutropenic CD-1 mice were infected IV with 4.5 log10 spores AF and test agents were administered SC BID for 5 days beginning 24 hrs PI. The positive control was posaconazole (20 mg/kg PO QD). Liver and kidney fungal burdens were measured 24 hrs after the last dose (n = 10/grp). Results The lead smHDP, FC-5096, has MICs of 0.08 and 0.024 ug/ml, respectively, against the CA and AF clinical isolate strains used in the mouse efficacy studies. Selectivity for antifungal vs. mammalian cell cytotoxicity (MIC/CC50) was >1,000 fold. In the disseminated candidiasis model, FC-5096 significantly reduced fungal kidney burdens relative to untreated mice to levels found at treatment onset (P < 0.0001). Full survival over 2 weeks was observed after 5 days of BID treatment with FC-5096. All untreated mice succumbed between days 3 – 6 PI. Efficacy was comparable to fluconazole. In the disseminated aspergillosis model, FC-5096 produced up to 2.5 log10 reductions in fungal liver burdens and efficacy was significantly better than posaconazole (P = 0.0251). In kidney, both FC-5096 and posaconazole caused > 1.6 log10 reductions in fungal burdens that exceeded the limit of detection. Conclusion The high antifungal potency, low cytotoxicity and robust in vivo efficacy support further study of FC-5096 for clinical development. Disclosures Richard W. Scott, PhD, Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center (Employee) Simon DP Baugh, PhD, Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center (Employee) Mark E Pulse, MS, Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center (Independent Contractor)

Published
2020

18. Air Puff System Fundamentals for Reproducible Eyeblink Conditioning Research

Author

Frederick B. Reitz

Subjects
system design, Computer science, QH301-705.5, eyeblink conditioning, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous), Measure (mathematics), Physics::Fluid Dynamics, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Structural Biology, air puff, Technical Note, characterization, Tube (container), Biology (General), 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Jet (fluid), Turbulence, Mechanics, Air puff, Compressibility, Systems design, Delivery system, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Biotechnology
Abstract

Air puff systems are at once trivially straightforward and dauntingly complex. On the one hand, they are little but a pressure source, valve, and tube connected together. On the other, the air passing through them is a compressible medium, expanding approximately adiabatically while travelling at high velocity through a compliant tube, and exiting as a turbulent jet with velocity peak and profile varying non-linearly in its near-field. This complexity puts precise mathematical prediction of puff properties out of reach of most labs. There are, however, a number of phenomena fundamental to air puff system design that are worth understanding to a first order of approximation, or at least qualitatively. Using a simplified, “electronic⁻hydraulic analogy„ model, this paper discusses these phenomena in just enough depth for the reader to confidently specify parts for an air puff delivery system, to measure its key parameters, and/or to describe a given system unambiguously in publications, thus maximizing reproducibility.

Published
2019

19. Synthesis and Evaluation of Orally Active Small Molecule HIV-1 Nef Antagonists

Author

Sherry T. Shu, Lori A. Emert-Sedlak, Jay E. Wrobel, Jielu Zhao, Thomas E. Smithgall, H. Marie Loughran, Haibin Shi, Billy W. Day, Allen B. Reitz, and John L. Kulp

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Models, Molecular, Anti-HIV Agents, Clinical Biochemistry, Molecular Conformation, Pharmaceutical Science, Administration, Oral, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Pharmacology, Virus Replication, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Article, Small Molecule Libraries, 03 medical and health sciences, Mice, Structure-Activity Relationship, Drug Discovery, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Structure–activity relationship, Animals, nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Binding site, Cytotoxicity, Molecular Biology, Binding Sites, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, Drug discovery, Organic Chemistry, virus diseases, Small molecule, In vitro, 0104 chemical sciences, Molecular Docking Simulation, 030104 developmental biology, Viral replication, Docking (molecular), HIV-1, Molecular Medicine
Abstract

The HIV-1 Nef accessory factor enhances viral replication and promotes immune system evasion of HIV-infected cells, making it an attractive target for drug discovery. Recently we described a novel class of diphenylpyrazolodiazene compounds that bind directly to Nef in vitro and inhibit Nef-dependent HIV-1 infectivity and replication in cell culture. However, these first-generation Nef antagonists have several structural liabilities, including an azo linkage that led to poor oral bioavailability. The azo group was therefore replaced with either a one- or two-carbon linker. The resulting set of non-azo analogs retained nanomolar binding affinity for Nef by surface plasmon resonance, while inhibiting HIV-1 replication with micromolar potency in cell-based assays without cytotoxicity. Computational docking studies show that these non-azo analogs occupy the same predicted binding site within the HIV-1 Nef dimer interface as the original azo compound. Computational methods also identified a hot spot for inhibitor binding within this site that is defined by conserved HIV-1 Nef residues Asp108, Leu112, and Pro122. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of the non-azo B9 analogs in mice showed that replacement of the azo linkage dramatically enhanced oral bioavailability without substantially affecting plasma half-life or clearance. The improved oral bioavailability of non-azo diphenylpyrazolo Nef antagonists provides a starting point for further drug lead optimization in support of future efficacy testing in animal models of HIV/AIDS.

Published
2016

20. Fragile X protein mitigates TDP-43 toxicity by remodeling RNA granules and restoring translation

Author

Michael P. Hart, J. Paul Taylor, Linh Pham, Bhavani Bagevalu Siddegowda, Donovan B. Lockwood, Daniela C. Zarnescu, Allen B. Reitz, Aaron D. Gitler, Shizuka B. Yamada, Alyssa N. Coyne, Brian D. Freibaum, Ashley Boehringer, Joel A. Cassel, Benjamin L. Zaepfel, Jeffrey Johannesmeyer, and Patricia S. Estes

Subjects
Neurotoxins, Neuromuscular Junction, RNA-binding protein, Biology, Translocation, Genetic, Synapse, Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein, Stress granule, Polysome, mental disorders, Genetics, Animals, Drosophila Proteins, Humans, RNA, Messenger, Molecular Biology, Genetics (clinical), Neurons, Messenger RNA, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, RNA, nutritional and metabolic diseases, RNA-Binding Proteins, Translation (biology), General Medicine, Articles, Molecular biology, Cell biology, nervous system diseases, DNA-Binding Proteins, Disease Models, Animal, Drosophila melanogaster, Phenotype, Solubility, Gene Knockdown Techniques, Microtubule-Associated Proteins, Drosophila Protein
Abstract

RNA dysregulation is a newly recognized disease mechanism in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Here we identify Drosophila fragile X mental retardation protein (dFMRP) as a robust genetic modifier of TDP-43-dependent toxicity in a Drosophila model of ALS. We find that dFMRP overexpression (dFMRP OE) mitigates TDP-43 dependent locomotor defects and reduced lifespan in Drosophila. TDP-43 and FMRP form a complex in flies and human cells. In motor neurons, TDP-43 expression increases the association of dFMRP with stress granules and colocalizes with polyA binding protein in a variant-dependent manner. Furthermore, dFMRP dosage modulates TDP-43 solubility and molecular mobility with overexpression of dFMRP resulting in a significant reduction of TDP-43 in the aggregate fraction. Polysome fractionation experiments indicate that dFMRP OE also relieves the translation inhibition of futsch mRNA, a TDP-43 target mRNA, which regulates neuromuscular synapse architecture. Restoration of futsch translation by dFMRP OE mitigates Futsch-dependent morphological phenotypes at the neuromuscular junction including synaptic size and presence of satellite boutons. Our data suggest a model whereby dFMRP is neuroprotective by remodeling TDP-43 containing RNA granules, reducing aggregation and restoring the translation of specific mRNAs in motor neurons.

Published
2015

21. Direct evidence for an orbital magnetic quadrupole twist mode in nuclei

Author

H. J. Wörtche, Achim Richter, M. de Huu, A.M. van den Berg, D. Frekers, B. Reitz, P. von Neumann-Cosel, V. Yu. Ponomarev, Jochen Wambach, H. Lenske, Y. Kalmykov, G. Schrieder, S. Rakers, K. Schweda, F. Hofmann, KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, and Research unit Astroparticle Physics

Subjects
comparison to hydrodynamical model, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, reactions Ni-58(e, e '), Direct evidence, Nuclear Theory, e '), TRANSITIONS, ISOVECTOR M1 STRENGTH, Ni-58(p, DIPOLE RESPONSE, MESON-EXCHANGE CURRENTS, SI-28, deduced orbital M2 twist mode, Twist, Spin (physics), p '), quasiparticle-phonon model calculations, Physics, EXCITATIONS, Ni-58(p, p '), Isovector, ISOSPIN, SPIN, Isospin, Excited state, reactions Ni-58(e, 180-DEGREES ELECTRON-SCATTERING, Atomic physics, 58Ni(p,p′), Electron scattering, INTERMEDIATE ENERGIES, Excitation, Reactions 58Ni(e,e′)
Abstract

The reactions Ni-58(e, e') and M-58(p, p) have been studied at kinematics favorable for the excitation of J(pi) = 2(-) states by isovector spin-flip transitions with DeltaL = 1. There are states at an excitation energy E-X approximate to 10 MeV which are strongly excited in electron scattering but not in proton scattering, suggesting a predominantly orbital character. This is taken as direct evidence for the so-called twist mode in nuclei in which different layers of nuclear fluid in the upper and lower hemisphere counterrotate against each other. Microscopic quasiparticle-phonon model calculations which predict sizable orbital M2 strength at this excitation energy yield indeed a current flow pattern of the strongest transitions consistent with a twist-like motion. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.

Published
2002
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22. Decomposition of M1 transitions into isoscalar and isovector spin and orbital contributions

Author

Takahiro Kawabata, P. von Neumann-Cosel, G. P. A. Berg, M. Fujiwara, K. Katori, Kichiji Hatanaka, T. Adachi, Achim Richter, Mohsen Harakeh, S. Mizutori, B. Reitz, T. Shinada, B. A. Brown, H. Fujimura, H. Ueno, M. Yoshifuku, Y. Fujita, Tetsuo Noro, F. Hofmann, Y. Shimbara, K. Hara, Junichiro Kamiya, M. Yosoi, Hiroyasu Ejiri, Hisanori Fujita, and KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Spectrometer, Isovector, NUCLEI, Isoscalar, Nuclear physics, MESON-EXCHANGE CURRENTS, ENHANCEMENT, SI-28, STRENGTH, Decomposition (computer science), SPECTROMETER, Spin (physics), INTERMEDIATE ENERGIES
Published
2001

23. Mephedrone interactions with cocaine: prior exposure to ‘bath salt’ constituent enhances cocaine-induced locomotor activation in rats

Author

Scott M. Rawls, Christopher S. Tallarida, Allen B. Reitz, and Ryan A. Gregg

Subjects
Pharmacology, Male, Drugs of abuse, medicine.medical_treatment, Drug Synergism, Meth, Methamphetamine, Motor Activity, Locomotor activity, Drug synergism, Article, Rats, Psychiatry and Mental health, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mephedrone, chemistry, Cocaine, medicine, Animals, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Motor activity, Saline, medicine.drug
Abstract

Concurrent use of mephedrone (4-methylmethcathinone) (MEPH) and established drugs of abuse is now commonplace, but knowledge about interactions between these drugs is sparse. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that prior MEPH exposure enhances the locomotor-stimulant effects of cocaine and methamphetamine (METH). For cocaine experiments, rats pretreated with saline, cocaine (15 mg/kg), or MEPH (15 mg/kg) for 5 days were injected with cocaine after 10 days of drug absence. For METH experiments, rats pretreated with saline, METH (2 mg/kg), or MEPH (15 mg/kg) were injected with METH after 10 days of drug absence. Cocaine challenge produced greater locomotor activity following pretreatment with cocaine or MEPH than following pretreatment with saline. METH challenge produced greater locomotor activity following METH pretreatment than following saline pretreatment; however, locomotor activity in rats pretreated with MEPH or saline and then challenged with METH was not significantly different. The locomotor response to MEPH (15 mg/kg) was not significantly affected by pretreatment with cocaine (15 mg/kg) or METH (0.5, 2 mg/kg). The present demonstration that cocaine-induced locomotor activation is enhanced by prior MEPH exposure suggests that MEPH cross-sensitizes to cocaine and increases cocaine efficacy. Interestingly, MEPH cross-sensitization was not bi-directional and did not extend to METH, suggesting the phenomenon is sensitive to specific psychostimulants.

Published
2013

24. Novel, Broad-Spectrum Anticonvulsants Containing a Sulfamide Group: Pharmacological Properties of (S)-N-[(6-Chloro-2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]dioxin-2-yl)methyl]sulfamide (JNJ-26489112)

Author

Michael E. Milewski, Bruce E. Maryanoff, H. Steve White, Mary Lou Lubin, Mark Herb, Michael F. A. Finley, Douglas E. Brenneman, Allen B. Reitz, Ewa Malatynska, Ning Qin, Karen S. Wilcox, Smith-Swintosky Virginia L, Yi Liu, Parker Michael H, Brian D. Klein, and Mccomsey David F

Subjects
Male, 1,4-Dioxin, Stereochemistry, medicine.medical_treatment, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Drug Resistance, Pharmacology, Article, Absorption, Dioxanes, chemistry.chemical_compound, Broad spectrum, Epilepsy, Mice, Dogs, Refractory, Drug Discovery, medicine, Animals, Humans, Sulfamide, Sulfonamides, medicine.disease, Amides, Rats, Anticonvulsant, chemistry, Neuropathic pain, Molecular Medicine, Anticonvulsants, Female, JNJ-26489112, medicine.drug
Abstract

Broad-spectrum anticonvulsants are of considerable interest as antiepileptic drugs, especially because of their potential for treating refractory patients. Such "neurostabilizers" have also been used to treat other neurological disorders, including migraine, bipolar disorder, and neuropathic pain. We synthesized a series of sulfamide derivatives (4-9, 10a-i, 11a, 11b, 12) and evaluated their anticonvulsant activity. Thus, we identified promising sulfamide 4 (JNJ-26489112) and explored its pharmacological properties. Compound 4 exhibited excellent anticonvulsant activity in rodents against audiogenic, electrically induced, and chemically induced seizures. Mechanistically, 4 inhibited voltage-gated Na(+) channels and N-type Ca(2+) channels and was effective as a K(+) channel opener. The anticonvulsant profile of 4 suggests that it may be useful for treating multiple forms of epilepsy (generalized tonic-clonic, complex partial, absence seizures), including refractory (or pharmacoresistant) epilepsy, at dose levels that confer a good safety margin. On the basis of its pharmacology and other favorable characteristics, 4 was advanced into human clinical studies.

Published
2013

25. New Measurements of the Transverse Beam Asymmetry for Elastic Electron Scattering from Selected Nuclei

Author

P. M. King, H. Yao, H. Albataineh, B. Craver, William A. Tobias, J. Leckey, A. Kolarkar, Jie Zhang, Kiadtisak Saenboonruang, S. Frullani, B. Waidyawansa, P. Y. Bertin, J. P. Chen, M. L. Sperduto, E. Kuchina, Jaideep Singh, K. de Jager, M. Friend, B. Reitz, J. Barber, K. Otis, Charles Horowitz, Yiyang Zhang, J. Huang, G. M. Urciuoli, C. M. Jen, A. Barbieri, M. M. Dalton, Young Do Oh, C. M. Sutera, S. K. Nanda, Yujie Qiang, E. Cisbani, Eric L. N. Jensen, D. Neyret, A. J. R. Puckett, G. B. Franklin, Joseph M. Katich, M. Poelker, D. J. Margaziotis, R. Holmes, N. Muangma, S. K. Phillips, B. P. Quinn, A. Etile, J. Roche, Wouter Deconinck, V. Yim, S. Riordan, D. Deepa, T. Bielarski, D. Lhuillier, G.V. Russo, K. Grimm, E. Fuchey, R. Michaels, Douglas Higinbotham, R. A. Lindgren, J. J. LeRose, S. Kowalski, V. Bellini, F. Itard, R. Subedi, S. Johnston, A. Palmer, A. Beck, T. Averett, F. Mammoliti, M. Mihovilovic, A. Shahinyan, J. M. Finn, M. Stutzman, D. S. Armstrong, J. Wexler, Z. Ahmed, L. Zana, E. Voutier, C. E. Hyde, E. Burtin, Guy Ron, E. Gasser, X. Zhan, F. Cusanno, F. Butaru, Pete Markowitz, P. E. Reimer, K. Wang, Lindsay Glesener, P. Carter, M. Posik, S. Abrahamyan, P. Monaghan, Peter S. LaViolette, B. Babineau, Simon Širca, A. Giusa, John Arrington, X. Yan, F. Garibaldi, Nilanga Liyanage, L. Lagamba, Kent Paschke, Olfred Hansen, T. Holmstrom, S. Fuchs, D. Flay, M. Mazouz, Richard Wilson, R. Suleiman, V. Ziskin, J. Leacock, Fatiha Benmokhtar, P. Solvignon, Mustafa Canan, Amber McCreary, J. R. Hoskins, R. De Leo, A. V. Glamazdin, Antonin Vacheret, A. Acha, L. Mercado, Seonho Choi, R. S. Beminiwattha, Paul Souder, Diana Parno, R. Snyder, D. Lambert, Whitney Armstrong, X. Deng, Z. E. Meziani, S. L. Bailey, N. Lubinsky, G. D. Cates, J. Gomez, D. Wang, Juliette Mammei, C. Muñoz-Camacho, K. A. Aniol, Jongmin Lee, P. Bosted, Bryan J. Moffit, B. Sawatzky, R. J. Feuerbach, R. I. Pomatsalyuk, A. Deur, D. McNulty, Arijit Saha, Ronald Gilman, A. Whitbeck, X. Jiang, Jay Benesch, J. Hansknecht, C. Gu, Z. Ye, Bogdan Wojtsekhowski, Xin Qian, Vladimir Nelyubin, Andrei Afanasev, C. Ferdi, K. Kliakhandler, D. G. Meekins, H. Benaoum, H. F. Ibrahim, W. Troth, K. Prok, A. Camsonne, Ping Zhu, L. J. Kaufman, Chunhui Chen, Vincent Sulkosky, J. Cahoon, K. Fuoti, Dipangkar Dutta, Nuruzzaman, T. B. Humensky, P. Decowski, P. E. Ulmer, Y. C. Chao, K. McCormick, A. Kelleher, G. Jin, Abdurahim Rakhman, R. Silwal, Y. X. Ye, X. Zheng, J. Grames, Mikhail Gorchtein, C. C. Chang, K. S. Kumar, W. U. Boeglin, P. Rogan, E. Chudakov, M. Potokar, Or Hen, Karl Slifer, Département de Physique Nucléaire (ex SPhN) (DPHN), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HAPPEX, and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Elastic scattering, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, media_common.quotation_subject, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Elastic electron, chemistry.chemical_element, Electron, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, Asymmetry, Amplitude, chemistry, Excited state, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Helium, media_common
Abstract

We have measured the beam-normal single-spin asymmetry $A_n$ in the elastic scattering of 1-3 GeV transversely polarized electrons from $^1$H and for the first time from $^4$He, $^{12}$C, and $^{208}$Pb. For $^1$H, $^4$He and $^{12}$C, the measurements are in agreement with calculations that relate $A_n$ to the imaginary part of the two-photon exchange amplitude including inelastic intermediate states. Surprisingly, the $^{208}$Pb result is significantly smaller than the corresponding prediction using the same formalism. These results suggest that a systematic set of new $A_n$ measurements might emerge as a new and sensitive probe of the structure of heavy nuclei., 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted by PRL. v3: fixed one author name and affiliation, otherwise no change

Published
2012
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26. Probing the high momentum component of the deuteron at high Q^2

Author

E. Piasetzky, D. Hayes, A. Klein, M. B. Epstein, X. Jiang, J. P. Chen, B. Reitz, R. A. Lindgren, J. J. LeRose, M. Roedelbronn, Ronald Ransome, O. Gayou, Bogdan Wojtsekhowski, G. Batigne, J. M. Finn, D. J. Margaziotis, John Arrington, Olfred Hansen, W. U. Boeglin, Brian Raue, J. H. Mitchell, L. J. Kaufman, Rakhsha Nasseripour, R. Roché, J. M. Laget, S. Kox, C. E. Hyde, M. Zeier, J. Reinhold, C. W. de Jager, F. Garibaldi, A. Camsonne, Arijit Saha, Maryam Moteabbed, Karl Slifer, Larry Weinstein, K. A. Aniol, P. Monaghan, S. Frullani, Kent Paschke, Vincent Sulkosky, W. Hinton, P. E. Ulmer, Pete Markowitz, I. A. Qattan, Z. E. Meziani, J. S. Real, P. Moussiegt, H. F. Ibrahim, P. Bosted, G. Kumbartzki, C. F. Perdrisat, G. Chang, R. Michaels, P. Ambrozewicz, E. Voutier, V. A. Punjabi, Christophe Furget, A. Deur, Laird Kramer, P. Solvignon, L. Coman, G. Quéméner, B. Milbrath, K. McCormick, Seonho Choi, Ronald Gilman, Douglas Higinbotham, M. K. Jones, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and HALL A

Subjects
Nuclear reaction, Particle physics, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], Nuclear Theory, Hadron, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), Nuclear physics, Momentum, Cross section (physics), Recoil, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Momentum transfer, Nucleon
Abstract

The d(e,e'p) cross section at a momentum transfer of 3.5 (GeV/c)^2 was measured over a kinematical range that made it possible to study this reaction for a set of fixed missing momenta as a function of the neutron recoil angle theta_nq and to extract missing momentum distributions for fixed values of theta_nq up to 0.55 GeV/c. In the region of 35 (deg), 5 pages, 2 figures

Published
2011
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27. Pseudomonas aeruginosa porphobilinogen synthase assembly state regulators: hit discovery and initial SAR studies

Author

Ursula D. Ramirez, Eileen K. Jaffe, Allen B. Reitz, Yanming Du, Linda Stith, and Garry R. Smith

Subjects
biology, Porphobilinogen synthase, Dimer, Organic Chemistry, Allosteric regulation, Nanotechnology, Biological activity, Article, lcsh:QD241-441, chemistry.chemical_compound, lcsh:Organic chemistry, chemistry, Biochemistry, Biosynthesis, Thiadiazoles, biology.protein, Histone octamer, Heme
Abstract

Porphobilinogen synthase (PBGS) catalyzes the first common step in the biosynthesis of the essential heme, chlorophyll and vitamin B(12) heme pigments. PBGS activity is regulated by assembly state, with certain oligomers exhibiting biological activity and others either partially or completely inactive, affording an innovative means of allosteric drug action. Pseudomonas aeruginosa PBGS is functionally active as an octamer, and inactive as a dimer. We have identified a series of compounds that stabilize the inactive P. aeruginosa dimer by a computational prescreen followed by native PAGE gel mobility shift analysis. From those results, we have prepared related thiadiazoles and evaluated their ability to regulate P. aeruginosa PBGS assembly state.

Published
2010

28. Compton Scattering Cross Section on the Proton at High Momentum Transfer

Author

K. S. Egiyan, Seonho Choi, L. Zhu, Branislav Vlahovic, L. Pentchev, J. Gomez, D. G. Meekins, Jrm Annand, Bogdan Wojtsekhowski, F. Sabatié, Ronald Gilman, K. McCormick, E. Piasetzky, C. E. Hyde, A. Camsonne, A. V. Glamazdin, P. Stoler, A. Ketikyan, C. W. de Jager, K. A. Aniol, V. Sulkosky, C. F. Perdrisat, Dipangkar Dutta, Kent Paschke, F. Garibaldi, A. Deur, J. P. Chen, G. Laveissière, A. Shahinyan, C. C. Chang, C. R. Howell, J. R. Calarco, P. Moussiegt, R. A. Lindgren, J. J. LeRose, Olivier Gayou, D. M. Nikolenko, R. Michaels, P. V. Degtyarenko, P. Bosted, V. H. Mamyan, Yu. V. Shestakov, Charles Glashausser, N. Savvinov, D. J. Margaziotis, X. Zheng, Anatoly Radyushkin, E. Chudakov, I. A. Rachek, M. Roedelbronn, T. Hunyady, K. Kramer, S. K. Nanda, Haiyan Gao, J. O. Hansen, B. E. Norum, Areg Danagoulian, P.Y. Bertin, R. Roche, V. A. Punjabi, Guy Ron, H. Xiang, L. Todor, S. Tajima, T. Chang, P. Solvignon, Z. E. Meziani, Karl Slifer, David Hamilton, Pete Markowitz, W. Hinton, G. J. Kumbartzki, Vladimir Nelyubin, M. Khandaker, Alan M. Nathan, D. Hayes, L. Bimbot, Larry Weinstein, R. I. Pomatsalyuk, Arijit Saha, S. Širca, T. Horn, Douglas Higinbotham, M. K. Jones, B. Reitz, H. Voskanyan, K. Wang, X. Jiang, V. P. Kubarovsky, Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HALL A, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Quantum chromodynamics, Elastic scattering, Particle physics, Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, 13.60.Fz, 24.85.+p, Momentum transfer, Compton scattering, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Perturbative QCD, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Cross section (physics), 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Cross-section values for Compton scattering on the proton were measured at 25 kinematic settings over the range s = 5-11 and -t = 2-7 GeV2 with statistical accuracy of a few percent. The scaling power for the s-dependence of the cross section at fixed center of mass angle was found to be 8.0 +/ 0.2, strongly inconsistent with the prediction of perturbative QCD. The observed cross-section values are in fair agreement with the calculations using the handbag mechanism, in which the external photons couple to a single quark., 5 pages, 5 figures

Published
2007
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29. Recoil-proton polarization in high-energy deuteron photodisintegration with circularly polarized photons

Author

F. Garibaldi, K. McCormick, Arijit Saha, V. Sulkosky, David Gaskell, I. A. Qattan, L. J. Kaufman, R. Sheyor, S. K. Nanda, Bogdan Wojtsekhowski, Karl Slifer, Nilanga Liyanage, L. Lagamba, L. Zhu, K. Wijesooriya, Olfred Hansen, Dipangkar Dutta, P. Monaghan, C. W. de Jager, B. Reitz, R. Michaels, R. A. Lindgren, J. J. LeRose, C. Glashauser, E. R. Kinney, Z. E. Meziani, John Arrington, E. Chudakov, Bryan J. Moffit, Ronald Ransome, Douglas Higinbotham, M. K. Jones, P. Solvignon, P. E. Reimer, V. A. Punjabi, C. F. Perdrisat, K. Wang, E. Voutier, F. Cusanno, X. Jiang, Kent Paschke, Seonho Choi, A. Deur, Ronald Gilman, A. Camsonne, Fatiha Benmokhtar, Olivier Gayou, J. P. Chen, G. M. Urciuoli, David Hamilton, R. De Leo, D. Lhuillier, K. Kramer, R. J. Holt, E. Schulte, Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département d'Astrophysique, de physique des Particules, de physique Nucléaire et de l'Instrumentation Associée (DAPNIA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HALL A, and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Photon, Isovector, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear Theory, General Physics and Astronomy, Photon energy, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Polarization (waves), Two-body problem, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Deuterium, Photodisintegration, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 25.20.-x, 24.70.+s, 24.85.+p, 25.10.+s, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

5 pages, 1 figure, submitted to Physical Review Letters - HALL A; We measured the angular dependence of the three recoil proton polarization components in two-body photodisintegration of the deuteron at a photon energy of 2 GeV. These new data provide a benchmark for calculations based on quantum chromodynamics. Two of the five existing models have made predictions of polarization observables. Both explain the longitudinal polarization transfer satisfactorily.. Transverse polarizations are not well described, but suggest isovector dominance.

Published
2007
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30. Q2 dependence of the neutron spin structure function g2(n) at low Q2

Author

K, Kramer, D S, Armstrong, T D, Averett, W, Bertozzi, S, Binet, C, Butuceanu, A, Camsonne, G D, Cates, J-P, Chen, Seonho, Choi, E, Chudakov, F, Cusanno, A, Deur, P, Djawotho, D, Dutta, J M, Finn, H, Gao, F, Garibaldi, O, Gayou, R, Gilman, A, Glamazdin, V, Gorbenko, K A, Griffioen, J-O, Hansen, D W, Higinbotham, W, Hinton, T, Horn, C W, de Jager, X, Jiang, W, Korsch, J, LeRose, D, Lhuillier, N, Liyanage, D J, Margaziotis, K, McCormick, Z-E, Meziani, R, Michaels, B, Milbrath, B, Moffit, S, Nanda, C F, Perdrisat, R, Pomatsalyuk, V, Punjabi, B, Reitz, J, Roche, R, Roché, M, Roedelbronn, N, Savvinov, J, Secrest, J, Singh, S, Sirca, K, Slifer, P, Solvignon, D J, Steiner, R, Suleiman, V, Sulkosky, A, Tobias, A, Vacheret, Y, Xiao, X, Zheng, J, Zhou, L, Zhu, X, Zhu, and P A, Zołnierczuk

Subjects
High Energy Physics::Lattice, Nuclear Theory, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We present the first measurement of the Q2 dependence of the neutron spin structure function g2(n) at five kinematic points covering 0.57 (GeV/c)2 < or = Q2 < or = 1.34 (GeV/c)2 at x approximately = 0.2. Though the naive quark-parton model predicts g2 = 0, nonzero values occur in more realistic models of the nucleon which include quark-gluon correlations, finite quark masses, or orbital angular momentum. When scattering from a noninteracting quark, g2(n) can be predicted using next-to-leading order fits to world data for g1(n). Deviations from this prediction provide an opportunity to examine QCD dynamics in nucleon structure. Our results show a positive deviation from this prediction at lower Q2, indicating that contributions such as quark-gluon interactions may be important. Precision data obtained for g1(n) are consistent with next-to-leading order fits to world data.

Published
2005

31. Polarization Transfer in Proton Compton Scattering at High Momentum Transfer

Author

D. J. Hamilton, V. H. Mamyan, K. A. Aniol, J. R. M. Annand, P. Y. Bertin, L. Bimbot, P. Bosted, J. R. Calarco, A. Camsonne, G. C. Chang, T.-H. Chang, J.-P. Chen, Seonho Choi, E. Chudakov, A. Danagoulian, P. Degtyarenko, C. W. de Jager, A. Deur, D. Dutta, K. Egiyan, H. Gao, F. Garibaldi, O. Gayou, R. Gilman, A. Glamazdin, C. Glashausser, J. Gomez, J.-O. Hansen, D. Hayes, D. Higinbotham, W. Hinton, T. Horn, C. Howell, T. Hunyady, C. E. Hyde-Wright, X. Jiang, M. K. Jones, M. Khandaker, A. Ketikyan, V. Kubarovsky, K. Kramer, G. Kumbartzki, G. Laveissière, J. LeRose, R. A. Lindgren, D. J. Margaziotis, P. Markowitz, K. McCormick, Z.-E. Meziani, R. Michaels, P. Moussiegt, S. Nanda, A. M. Nathan, D. M. Nikolenko, V. Nelyubin, B. E. Norum, K. Paschke, L. Pentchev, C. F. Perdrisat, E. Piasetzky, R. Pomatsalyuk, V. A. Punjabi, I. Rachek, A. Radyushkin, B. Reitz, R. Roche, M. Roedelbronn, G. Ron, F. Sabatie, A. Saha, N. Savvinov, A. Shahinyan, Y. Shestakov, S. Širca, K. Slifer, P. Solvignon, P. Stoler, S. Tajima, V. Sulkosky, L. Todor, B. Vlahovic, L. B. Weinstein, K. Wang, B. Wojtsekhowski, H. Voskanyan, H. Xiang, X. Zheng, L. Zhu, Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HALL A, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Photon, Proton, Nuclear Theory, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Physics, Spectrometer, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Momentum transfer, Compton scattering, Polarization (waves), Gluon, Calorimeter, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

The Jefferson Lab Hall A experiment E99-114 comprised a series of measurements to explore proton Compton scattering at high momentum transfer. For the first time, the polarisation transfer observables in the p (~ 0 ~ p) reaction were measured in the GeV energy range, where it is believed that quark-gluon degrees of freedom begin to dominate. The experiment utilised a circularly polarised photon beam incident on a liquid hydrogen target, with the scattered photon and recoil proton detected in a lead-glass calorimeter and a magnetic spectrometer, respectively.

Published
2005
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32. Precision Rosenbluth measurement of the proton elastic form factors

Author

Olivier Gayou, K. Wijesooriya, Arijit Saha, V. Sulkosky, Ronald Ransome, Oliver Keith Baker, D. G. Meekins, John Arrington, J.-O. Hansen, P. Monaghan, M. E. Christy, G. M. Huber, E. R. Kinney, C. F. Perdrisat, B. Reitz, Rolf Ent, J. Reinhold, Lubomir Pentchev, P. Solvignon, Alexandre Camsonne, K. Hafidi, Ryan Beams, L. Jisonna, I. A. Qattan, J. R. Calarco, P. Moussiegt, X. Zheng, S. Frullani, C. E. Keppel, R. Michaels, R. J. Holt, E. Schulte, B. Zeidman, R. E. Segel, H. F. Ibrahim, V. A. Punjabi, Dipangkar Dutta, W. Hinton, E. J. Brash, Ronald Gilman, K. McCormick, Jian-Ping Chen, C. Glashausser, Karl Slifer, K. A. Aniol, D. Gaskell, Douglas Higinbotham, M. K. Jones, D. J. Margaziotis, G. J. Kumbartzki, A. J. Sarty, A. F. Lung, Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HALL A, and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Systematic difference, Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Form factor (quantum field theory), 25.30.Bf, 13.40.Gp, 14.20.Dh, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Electron, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Polarization (waves), 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, Photon polarization, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Scaling, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We report the results of a new Rosenbluth measurement of the proton form factors at Q^2 values of 2.64, 3.20 and 4.10 GeV^2. Cross sections were determined by detecting the recoiling proton in contrast to previous measurements in which the scattered electron was detected. At each Q^2, relative cross sections were determined to better than 1%. The measurement focussed on the extraction of G_E/G_M which was determined to 4-8% and found to approximate form factor scaling, i.e. \mu_p G_E \approx G_M. These results are consistent with and much more precise than previous Rosenbluth extractions. However, they are inconsistent with recent polarization transfer measurements of comparable precision, implying a systematic difference between the two techniques., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, submitted to PRL

Published
2005
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33. Precision Measurement of the Neutron Spin Asymmetries and Spin-dependent Structure Functions in the Valence Quark Region

Author

Z. Chai, Douglas Higinbotham, G. M. Urciuoli, J. R. Calarco, L. J. Kaufman, D. J. Margaziotis, T. Averett, V. Sulkosky, Baile Zhang, S. K. Nanda, W. Hinton, Haiyan Gao, B. Reitz, Dipangkar Dutta, Bogdan Wojtsekhowski, E. Chudakov, Paul Souder, Nilanga Liyanage, Jaideep Singh, J. O. Hansen, Sonja Dieterich, L. Zhu, F. Garibaldi, D. S. Armstrong, F. Cusanno, F. Marie, Karl Slifer, C. Butuceanu, William Bertozzi, Z. E. Meziani, A. Deur, Jiansong Gao, D. J. Steiner, A. Powell, Seonho Choi, Jian-Ping Chen, K. McCormick, Pete Markowitz, J. Gomez, P. Solvignon, E. Burtin, J. LeRose, Ronald Gilman, R. De Leo, A. Camsonne, Arijit Saha, S. Frullani, J. M. Finn, X. Zheng, D. Lhuillier, Xiaofeng Zhu, Guy Ron, F. Xiong, S. Širca, S. Strauch, D. Neyret, Antonin Vacheret, T. Horn, S. Binet, Wolfgang Korsch, Hua Xiang, M. Roedelbronn, R. Roche, T. Pussieux, X. Jiang, M. Rvachev, Y. Xiao, Emmanuel Busato, Gordon D. Cates, S. K. Phillips, Shalev Gilad, C. W. de Jager, K. A. Aniol, R. Michaels, Bryan J. Moffit, J. Roche, P. A. Zolnierczuk, James J. Kelly, N. Savvinov, K. Kramer, Adam M. Tobias, Département d'Astrophysique, de physique des Particules, de physique Nucléaire et de l'Instrumentation Associée (DAPNIA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and HALL A

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Hadron, Constituent quark, FOS: Physical sciences, Parton, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, 13.60.Hb, 24.85.+p, 25.30.-c, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Perturbative QCD, Deep inelastic scattering, Baryon, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nucleon
Abstract

We report on measurements of the neutron spin asymmetries $A_{1,2}^n$ and polarized structure functions $g_{1,2}^n$ at three kinematics in the deep inelastic region, with $x=0.33$, 0.47 and 0.60 and $Q^2=2.7$, 3.5 and 4.8 (GeV/c)$^2$, respectively. These measurements were performed using a 5.7 GeV longitudinally-polarized electron beam and a polarized $^3$He target. The results for $A_1^n$ and $g_1^n$ at $x=0.33$ are consistent with previous world data and, at the two higher $x$ points, have improved the precision of the world data by about an order of magnitude. The new $A_1^n$ data show a zero crossing around $x=0.47$ and the value at $x=0.60$ is significantly positive. These results agree with a next-to-leading order QCD analysis of previous world data. The trend of data at high $x$ agrees with constituent quark model predictions but disagrees with that from leading-order perturbative QCD (pQCD) assuming hadron helicity conservation. Results for $A_2^n$ and $g_2^n$ have a precision comparable to the best world data in this kinematic region. Combined with previous world data, the moment $d_2^n$ was evaluated and the new result has improved the precision of this quantity by about a factor of two. When combined with the world proton data, polarized quark distribution functions were extracted from the new $g_1^n/F_1^n$ values based on the quark parton model. While results for $\Delta u/u$ agree well with predictions from various models, results for $\Delta d/d$ disagree with the leading-order pQCD prediction when hadron helicity conservation is imposed., Comment: A typing error in A_\parallel(3He) at x=0.47 in Table VII of Phys. Rev. C has been noticed and corrected

Published
2004
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34. Basic instrumentation for Hall A at Jefferson Lab

Author

T. Pussieux, Paul Souder, J. H. Mitchell, Y. Roblin, O. Ravel, E. Chudakov, K. A. Griffioen, C. Cavata, J. A. Templon, H. F. Ibrahim, J. S. McCarthy, M. A. Stevens, D. P. Watts, B. Frois, W. J. Schneider, Dipangkar Dutta, R. Di Salvo, R. I. Pomatsalyuk, A. Soldi, G. J. Kumbartzki, Arijit Saha, N. Colombel, J. Berthot, Jing Zhao, A. J. Sarty, B. D. Anderson, J. Martine, M. Coman, R. Michaels, M. B. Epstein, R. W. Lourie, J. O. Hansen, N. Degrande, J. Mclntyre, John Arrington, L. Zhu, W. Kahl, Bogdan Wojtsekhowski, P. Djawotho, M. Leuschner, William Bertozzi, K. A. Aniol, A. Gasparian, Karl Slifer, Jrm Annand, C. F. Perdrisat, D. Pripstein, M. Baylac, S. Kox, X. Jiang, K. Kramer, H. Breuer, David Hamilton, Jian-Ping Chen, T. Averett, L. B. Auerbach, G. A. Rutledge, G. Quéméner, Stephanie Escoffier, P.Y. Bertin, R. Suleiman, R. Carr, Pete Markowitz, A. Deur, Z. Papandreou, R. L. Walter, R. D. McKeown, T. P. Gorringe, M. Rvachev, R. Holmes, S. Churchwell, J. Marroncle, S. Platchkov, M. Khandaker, M. Liang, L. Pierangeli, K. Kino, A. Ketikyan, Kevin Fissum, F. W. Hersman, J. LeRose, F. Giuliani, P. E. Ulmer, Roberto Perrino, R. De Leo, J. Gao, L. A. Ewell, S. Jensen, R. Crateri, Shalev Gilad, C. W. de Jager, D. Lhuillier, J.E. Ducret, M. Gricia, R. Iommi, F. Sabatavenere, P. A. Zolnierczuk, K. Wijesooriya, Alan M. Nathan, D. Rowntree, E. Voutier, H. Holmgren, S. K. Nanda, D. G. Meekins, K. S. Egiyan, C. R. Howell, A. Serdarevic-Offermann, Hiroaki Tsubota, D. G. Zainea, J. R. Calarco, S. Esp, T. Terasawa, Vincent Breton, C. C. Chang, J. Domingo, T. Black, A. T. Katramatou, S. Kerhoas, F. Santavenere, J. Y. Mougey, R. Van de Vyver, G. M. Urciuoli, Seigo Kato, G. M. Huber, B. Reitz, E. J. Beise, K. S. Kumar, F. Garibaldi, Pavel Sorokin, G. J. Lolos, M. Lucentini, J. Segal, H. Xiang, D. V. Boykin, W. U. Boeglin, C. Glashausser, E. Cisbani, A. Leone, R. D. Ransomez, Gordon D. Cates, Sonja Dieterich, H. Voskanyan, C. Jutier, R. L.J. van der Meer, Olivier Gayou, James A. Miller, L. Van Hoorebeke, Sebastien Incerti, J. Jardillier, L. Cardman, James J. Kelly, F. Xiong, S. Jaminion, I. K. Kominis, K. McCormick, P. Vernin, P. M. Rutt, A. Petrosyan, David L. Prout, Nilanga Liyanage, L. Lagamba, X. Zheng, S. L. Spiegel, Branislav Vlahovic, Leonid Levchuk, Mauro Iodice, Larry Weinstein, F. Marie, D. G. Ireland, N. S. Chant, David Manley, V. A. Punjabi, C. E. Jones, J. Gomez, Wolfgang Korsch, W. Xu, J. W. Watson, M. Roedelbronn, F. T. Baker, Z. E. Meziani, T. Saito, S. Frullani, H. Ueno, E. J. Brash, R. Roche, E. Hovhannisyan, C. E. Hyde-Wright, N. d'Hose, L. Bimbot, G. Laveissière, R. Madey, Kazushige Maeda, A. Gavalya, W. Miller, D. Neyret, T. P. Smith, B. Diederich, E. Burtin, M. Holtrop, L. Todor, G. Dezern, Z. L. Zhou, K. Livingston, D. S. Dale, V. Zeps, S. Mayilyan, E. Folts, B. D. Milbrath, Haiyan Gao, J. M. Finn, O. Rondon-Aramayo, R. A. Lindgren, V. Gorbenko, A. V. Glamazdin, Z. Chai, E. A.J.M. Offermann, S. Malov, J. Alcorn, S. Strauch, A. Shahinyan, G. Rosner, H. Fonvieille, P. G. Roos, E. W. Hughes, K. Joo, D. S. Brown, P. Brindza, G. G. Petratos, S. van Verst, M. Khayat, S. Colilli, Douglas Higinbotham, M. K. Jones, D. J. Margaziotis, M. Kuss, Seonho Choi, Ronald Gilman, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HALL A, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Spectrometer, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Cryogenics, Scintillator, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Particle identification, Magnetic field, Nuclear physics, Cardinal point, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Nucleon, Instrumentation, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

The instrumentation in Hall A at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility was designed to study electro-and photo-induced reactions at very high luminosity and good momentum and angular resolution for at least one of the reaction products. The central components of Hall A are two identical high resolution spectrometers, which allow the vertical drift chambers in the focal plane to provide a momentum resolution of better than 2 x 10(-4). A variety of Cherenkov counters, scintillators and lead-glass calorimeters provide excellent particle identification. The facility has been operated successfully at a luminosity well in excess of 10(38) CM-2 s(-1). The research program is aimed at a variety of subjects, including nucleon structure functions, nucleon form factors and properties of the nuclear medium. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2004
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35. Precision measurement of the neutron spin asymmetryA(n)(1) and spin-flavor decomposition in the valence quark region

Author

X, Zheng, K, Aniol, D S, Armstrong, T D, Averett, W, Bertozzi, S, Binet, E, Burtin, E, Busato, C, Butuceanu, J, Calarco, A, Camsonne, G D, Cates, Z, Chai, J-P, Chen, Seonho, Choi, E, Chudakov, F, Cusanno, R De, Leo, A, Deur, S, Dieterich, D, Dutta, J M, Finn, S, Frullani, H, Gao, J, Gao, F, Garibaldi, S, Gilad, R, Gilman, J, Gomez, J-O, Hansen, D W, Higinbotham, W, Hinton, T, Horn, C W, De Jager, X, Jiang, L, Kaufman, J, Kelly, W, Korsch, K, Kramer, J, LeRose, D, Lhuillier, N, Liyanage, D J, Margaziotis, F, Marie, P, Markowitz, K, McCormick, Z-E, Meziani, R, Michaels, B, Moffit, S, Nanda, D, Neyret, S K, Phillips, A, Powell, T, Pussieux, B, Reitz, J, Roche, R, Roche, M, Roedelbronn, G, Ron, M, Rvachev, A, Saha, N, Savvinov, J, Singh, S, Sirca, K, Slifer, P, Solvignon, P, Souder, D J, Steiner, S, Strauch, V, Sulkosky, A, Tobias, G, Urciuoli, A, Vacheret, B, Wojtsekhowski, H, Xiang, Y, Xiao, F, Xiong, B, Zhang, L, Zhu, X, Zhu, and P A, Zołnierczuk

Subjects
Nuclear Theory, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We have measured the neutron spin asymmetry A(n)(1) with high precision at three kinematics in the deep inelastic region at x=0.33, 0.47, and 0.60, and Q(2)=2.7, 3.5, and 4.8 (GeV/c)(2), respectively. Our results unambiguously show, for the first time, that A(n)(1) crosses zero around x=0.47 and becomes significantly positive at x=0.60. Combined with the world proton data, polarized quark distributions were extracted. Our results, in general, agree with relativistic constituent quark models and with perturbative quantum chromodynamics (PQCD) analyses based on the earlier data. However they deviate from PQCD predictions based on hadron helicity conservation.

Published
2004

36. Discovery of (3S,3aR)-2-(3-Chloro-4-cyanophenyl)-3-cyclopentyl-3,3a,4,5-tetrahydro-2H-benzo[g]indazole-7-carboxylic Acid (PF-3882845), an Orally Efficacious Mineralocorticoid Receptor (MR) Antagonist for Hypertension and Nephropathy.

Author

Marvin J. Meyers, Graciela B. Arhancet, Susan L. Hockerman, Xiangyang Chen, Scott A. Long, Matthew W. Mahoney, Joseph R. Rico, Danny J. Garland, James. R. Blinn, Joe T. Collins, Shengtian Yang, Horng-Chih Huang, Kevin F. McGee, Jay M. Wendling, Jessica D. Dietz, Maria A. Payne, Bruce L. Homer, Marcia I. Heron, David B. Reitz, and Xiao Hu

Published
2010
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37. Novel, Broad-Spectrum Anticonvulsants Containing a Sulfamide Group: Advancement of N-((Benzo[b]thien-3-yl)methyl)sulfamide (JNJ-26990990) into Human Clinical Studies.

Author

Michael H. Parker, Virginia L. Smith-Swintosky, David F. McComsey, Yifang Huang, Douglas Brenneman, Brian Klein, Ewa Malatynska, H. Steve White, Michael E. Milewski, Mark Herb, Michael F. A. Finley, Yi Liu, Mary Lou Lubin, Ning Qin, Robert Iannucci, Laurent Leclercq, Filip Cuyckens, Allen B. Reitz, and Bruce E. Maryanoff

Published
2009
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43. Integrated multimode optical waveguides in glass using laser induced deep etching.

Author

Reitz B, Evertz A, Basten R, Wurz MC, and Overmeyer L

Abstract

Glass is an ideal material for optical applications, even though only a few micromachining technologies for material ablation are available. These microstructuring methods are limited regarding precision and freedom of design. A micromachining process for glass is laser induced deep etching (LIDE). Without generating micro-cracks, introducing stress, or other damages, it can precisely machine many types of glass. This work uses LIDE to subtractive manufacture structures in glass carrier substrates. Due to its transmission characteristics and refractive index, the glass substrate serves as optical cladding for polymer waveguides. In this paper, the described fabrication process can be divided into two sub-steps. The doctor blade technique and subsequent additive process step is used in manufacturing cavities with U-shaped cross-sections in glass in order to fill the trenches with liquid optical polymers, which are globally UV-cured. Based on the higher refractive index of the polymer, it enables optical waveguiding in the visible to near-infrared wavelength range. This novel, to the best of our knoowledge, manufacturing method is called LDB (LIDE-doctor-blade); it can be the missing link between long-distance transmissions and on-chip solutions on the packaging level. For validation, optical waveguides are examined regarding their geometrical dimensions, surface roughness, and waveguiding ability, such as intensity distribution and length-dependent attenuation.

Published
2024
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44. Layout optimization for flexographically printed optical networks.

Author

Pflieger K, Reitz B, Hoffmann GA, and Overmeyer L

Abstract

Optical networks can carry significantly higher data rates than their equivalent electrical systems. Because of their unique properties and constraints, optical networks have their own design rules. In this paper, an algorithm for the optimization of optical networks is presented. In addition, an optimized optical decimal-binary converter is flexographically manufactured and examined for its transmission properties. It is verified that optimization can minimize attenuation by several orders of magnitude, and points of high optical losses can also be predicted and adjusted.

Published
2021
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45. Combined Heart Lung Transplantation: An Updated Review of the Current Literature.

Author

Pasupneti S, Dhillon G, Reitz B, and Khush K

Subjects
Graft Rejection immunology, Graft Rejection prevention & control, Graft Survival, Humans, Immunosuppressive Agents therapeutic use, Patient Selection, Postoperative Complications etiology, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Heart Transplantation adverse effects, Lung Transplantation adverse effects
Abstract

Heart lung transplantation is a viable treatment option for patients with many end-stage heart and lung pathologies. However, given the complex nature of the procedure, it is imperative that patients are selected appropriately, and the clinician is aware of the many unique aspects in management of this population. This review seeks to describe updated organ selection policies, perioperative and postoperative management strategies, monitoring of graft function, and clinical outcomes for patients after combined heart-lung transplantation in the current era.

Published
2017
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46. Probing the high momentum component of the deuteron at high Q2.

Author

Boeglin WU, Coman L, Ambrozewicz P, Aniol K, Arrington J, Batigne G, Bosted P, Camsonne A, Chang G, Chen JP, Choi S, Deur A, Epstein M, Finn JM, Frullani S, Furget C, Garibaldi F, Gayou O, Gilman R, Hansen O, Hayes D, Higinbotham DW, Hinton W, Hyde C, Ibrahim H, de Jager CW, Jiang X, Jones MK, Kaufman LJ, Klein A, Kox S, Kramer L, Kumbartzki G, Laget JM, LeRose J, Lindgren R, Margaziotis DJ, Markowitz P, McCormick K, Meziani Z, Michaels R, Milbrath B, Mitchell J, Monaghan P, Moteabbed M, Moussiegt P, Nasseripour R, Paschke K, Perdrisat C, Piasetzky E, Punjabi V, Qattan IA, Quéméner G, Ransome RD, Raue B, Réal JS, Reinhold J, Reitz B, Roché R, Roedelbronn M, Saha A, Slifer K, Solvignon P, Sulkosky V, Ulmer PE, Voutier E, Weinstein LB, Wojtsekhowski B, and Zeier M

Abstract

The (2)H(e,e'p)n cross section at a momentum transfer of 3.5 (GeV/c)(2) was measured over a kinematical range that made it possible to study this reaction for a set of fixed missing momenta as a function of the neutron recoil angle θ(nq) and to extract missing momentum distributions for fixed values of θ(nq) up to 0.55  GeV/c. In the region of 35°≤θ(nq)≤45° recent calculations, which predict that final-state interactions are small, agree reasonably well with the experimental data. Therefore, these experimental reduced cross sections provide direct access to the high momentum component of the deuteron momentum distribution in exclusive deuteron electrodisintegration.

Published
2011
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47. Measurements of the electric form factor of the neutron up to Q2=3.4 GeV2 using the reaction 3He(e,e'n)pp.

Author

Riordan S, Abrahamyan S, Craver B, Kelleher A, Kolarkar A, Miller J, Cates GD, Liyanage N, Wojtsekhowski B, Acha A, Allada K, Anderson B, Aniol KA, Annand JR, Arrington J, Averett T, Beck A, Bellis M, Boeglin W, Breuer H, Calarco JR, Camsonne A, Chen JP, Chudakov E, Coman L, Crowe B, Cusanno F, Day D, Degtyarenko P, Dolph PA, Dutta C, Ferdi C, Fernández-Ramírez C, Feuerbach R, Fraile LM, Franklin G, Frullani S, Fuchs S, Garibaldi F, Gevorgyan N, Gilman R, Glamazdin A, Gomez J, Grimm K, Hansen JO, Herraiz JL, Higinbotham DW, Holmes R, Holmstrom T, Howell D, de Jager CW, Jiang X, Jones MK, Katich J, Kaufman LJ, Khandaker M, Kelly JJ, Kiselev D, Korsch W, LeRose J, Lindgren R, Markowitz P, Margaziotis DJ, Beck SM, Mayilyan S, McCormick K, Meziani ZE, Michaels R, Moffit B, Nanda S, Nelyubin V, Ngo T, Nikolenko DM, Norum B, Pentchev L, Perdrisat CF, Piasetzky E, Pomatsalyuk R, Protopopescu D, Puckett AJ, Punjabi VA, Qian X, Qiang Y, Quinn B, Rachek I, Ransome RD, Reimer PE, Reitz B, Roche J, Ron G, Rondon O, Rosner G, Saha A, Sargsian MM, Sawatzky B, Segal J, Shabestari M, Shahinyan A, Shestakov Y, Singh J, Sirca S, Souder P, Stepanyan S, Stibunov V, Sulkosky V, Tajima S, Tobias WA, Udias JM, Urciuoli GM, Vlahovic B, Voskanyan H, Wang K, Wesselmann FR, Vignote JR, Wood SA, Wright J, Yao H, and Zhu X

Abstract

The electric form factor of the neutron was determined from studies of the reaction 3He(e,e'n)pp in quasielastic kinematics in Hall A at Jefferson Lab. Longitudinally polarized electrons were scattered off a polarized target in which the nuclear polarization was oriented perpendicular to the momentum transfer. The scattered electrons were detected in a magnetic spectrometer in coincidence with neutrons that were registered in a large-solid-angle detector. More than doubling the Q2 range over which it is known, we find G(E)(n)=0.0236±0.0017(stat)±0.0026(syst), 0.0208±0.0024±0.0019, and 0.0147±0.0020±0.0014 for Q(2)=1.72, 2.48, and 3.41 GeV2, respectively.

Published
2010
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48. Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS)-defined morbidity and mortality associated with pediatric ventricular assist device support at a single US center: the Stanford experience.

Author

Stein ML, Robbins R, Sabati AA, Reinhartz O, Chin C, Liu E, Bernstein D, Roth S, Wright G, Reitz B, and Rosenthal D

Subjects
Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Heart Failure epidemiology, Heart Failure etiology, Heart Transplantation, Hemorrhage epidemiology, Hemorrhage etiology, Humans, Infant, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Liver Diseases epidemiology, Liver Diseases etiology, Male, Morbidity, Mortality, Renal Insufficiency epidemiology, Renal Insufficiency etiology, Respiratory Insufficiency epidemiology, Respiratory Insufficiency etiology, Retrospective Studies, Heart-Assist Devices adverse effects, Interinstitutional Relations, Registries
Abstract

Background: The use of ventricular assist devices (VADs) to bridge pediatric patients to heart transplantation has increased dramatically over the last 15 years. In this report, we present the largest US single-center report of pediatric VAD use to date. We present detailed descriptions of morbidity and mortality associated with VAD support, using standard Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS) criteria for pediatrics to facilitate the comparison of these results to other studies., Methods and Results: We retrospectively identified 25 patients younger than 18 years with 27 episodes of mechanical circulatory support using VADs as bridge to heart transplantation from January 1998 to December 2007. Survival to transplant for the entire cohort was 74%. The most common major morbidities, as defined by INTERMACS criteria for a pediatric population, were respiratory failure, major localized infections, major bleeding events, hepatic dysfunction, and right heart failure. Major neurological events occurred in 48% of the study population. The median time to the first occurrence of an adverse event was less than 14 days for respiratory failure, right heart failure, major localized infection, and major bleeding. Patients who died before transplantation had significantly more adverse events per day of support than did those who were successfully transplanted. Episodes of major bleeding, tamponade, acute renal failure, respiratory failure, and right heart failure were all associated with increased risk of mortality., Conclusions: INTERMACS criteria can be successfully used to analyze pediatric VAD outcomes. These data serve as a baseline for future studies of VAD support in children and indicate good survival rates but considerable morbidity.

Published
2010
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49. High-resolution spectroscopy of Lambda16N by electroproduction.

Author

Cusanno F, Urciuoli GM, Acha A, Ambrozewicz P, Aniol KA, Baturin P, Bertin PY, Benaoum H, Blomqvist KI, Boeglin WU, Breuer H, Brindza P, Bydzovský P, Camsonne A, Chang CC, Chen JP, Choi S, Chudakov EA, Cisbani E, Colilli S, Coman L, Craver BJ, De Cataldo G, de Jager CW, De Leo R, Deur AP, Ferdi C, Feuerbach RJ, Folts E, Fratoni R, Frullani S, Garibaldi F, Gayou O, Giuliani F, Gomez J, Gricia M, Hansen JO, Hayes D, Higinbotham DW, Holmstrom TK, Hyde CE, Ibrahim HF, Iodice M, Jiang X, Kaufman LJ, Kino K, Kross B, Lagamba L, LeRose JJ, Lindgren RA, Lucentini M, Margaziotis DJ, Markowitz P, Marrone S, Meziani ZE, McCormick K, Michaels RW, Millener DJ, Miyoshi T, Moffit B, Monaghan PA, Moteabbed M, Muñoz Camacho C, Nanda S, Nappi E, Nelyubin VV, Norum BE, Okasyasu Y, Paschke KD, Perdrisat CF, Piasetzky E, Punjabi VA, Qiang Y, Raue B, Reimer PE, Reinhold J, Reitz B, Roche RE, Rodriguez VM, Saha A, Santavenere F, Sarty AJ, Segal J, Shahinyan A, Singh J, Sirca S, Snyder R, Solvignon PH, Sotona M, Subedi R, Sulkosky VA, Suzuki T, Ueno H, Ulmer PE, Veneroni P, Voutier E, Wojtsekhowski BB, Zheng X, and Zorn C

Abstract

An experimental study of the (16)O(e,e'K(+))(Lambda)(16)N reaction has been performed at Jefferson Lab. A thin film of falling water was used as a target. This permitted a simultaneous measurement of the p(e,e'K(+))Lambda, Sigma(0) exclusive reactions and a precise calibration of the energy scale. A ground-state binding energy of 13.76+/-0.16 MeV was obtained for (Lambda)(16)N with better precision than previous measurements on the mirror hypernucleus (Lambda)(16)O. Precise energies have been determined for peaks arising from a Lambda in s and p orbits coupled to the p(1/2) and p(3/2) hole states of the (15)N core nucleus.

Published
2009
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50. A region growing method for tumor volume segmentation on PET images for rectal and anal cancer patients.

Author

Day E, Betler J, Parda D, Reitz B, Kirichenko A, Mohammadi S, and Miften M

Subjects
Artificial Intelligence, Humans, Image Enhancement methods, Pattern Recognition, Automated methods, Radiopharmaceuticals, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Algorithms, Anus Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted methods, Imaging, Three-Dimensional methods, Positron-Emission Tomography methods, Rectal Neoplasms diagnostic imaging
Abstract

The application of automated segmentation methods for tumor delineation on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) images presents an opportunity to reduce the interobserver variability in radiotherapy (RT) treatment planning. In this work, three segmentation methods were evaluated and compared for rectal and anal cancer patients: (i) Percentage of the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV% max), (ii) fixed SUV cutoff of 2.5 (SUV2.5), and (iii) mathematical technique based on a confidence connected region growing (CCRG) method. A phantom study was performed to determine the SUV% max threshold value and found to be 43%, SUV43% max. The CCRG method is an iterative scheme that relies on the use of statistics from a specified region in the tumor. The scheme is initialized by a subregion of pixels surrounding the maximum intensity pixel. The mean and standard deviation of this region are measured and the pixels connected to the region are included or not based on the criterion that they are greater than a value derived from the mean and standard deviation. The mean and standard deviation of this new region are then measured and the process repeats. FDG-PET-CT imaging studies for 18 patients who received RT were used to evaluate the segmentation methods. A PET avid (PETavid) region was manually segmented for each patient and the volume was then used to compare the calculated volumes along with the absolute mean difference and range for all methods. For the SUV43% max method, the volumes were always smaller than the PETavid volume by a mean of 56% and a range of 21%-79%. The volumes from the SUV2.5 method were either smaller or larger than the PETavid volume by a mean of 37% and a range of 2%-130%. The CCRG approach provided the best results with a mean difference of 9% and a range of 1%-27%. Results show that the CCRG technique can be used in the segmentation of tumor volumes on FDG-PET images, thus providing treatment planners with a clinically viable starting point for tumor delineation and minimizing the interobserver variability in radiotherapy planning.

Published
2009
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