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The study was carried out in the experimental field of the Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University in 2020-2021. In the study, totally 25 durum wheat genotypes (6 cultivars, 12 advanced lines, and 7 landraces) were used as experimental material. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. In the study, the grain quality and morpho-physiological traits such as canopy temperature, chlorophyll content, leaf area index, and plant height were investigated in some durum wheat genotypes. The canopy temperature ranged from 23.33-20.43 OC, chlorophyll content 52.53-43.17 SPAD, leaf area index 3.63-1.77, thousand-grain weight 34.67-41.83 g, protein content 14.23-16.33%, test weight 78.93-87.03 kg hl-1, semolina colour 14.88-15.63 and plant height 99.00-75.33 cm in investigated durum wheat genotypes. Hacımestan and Sorgül genotypes for canopy temperature, Atkı 2, NZFM 1 and NZFM 7 genotypes for chlorophyll content, Atkı 2, NZFM 4 and NZFM 1 genotypes for leaf area index, Kıbrıs 2 and Ionia 3 genotypes for plant height, NZFM 1, NZFM 7 and Devedişi 2 genotypes for thousand-grain weight, Atkı 2 and Hacımestan 2 genotypes for protein content, Japiga and Boğacak 2 genotypes for test weight and Japiga, Boğacak, Kızıltan 91 and NZFM 7 genotypes for semolina colour were determined as promising genotypes.

The study was carried out under different drought/osmotic stresses (0.00 MPa-control, 0.25 MPa, 0.50 MPa, 0.75 MPaand 1.00 MPa applications) created by using PEG 6000 with 43 genotypes under laboratory, with 5 replications accordingto a split-plot experiment design. The genotypes constituted the main plots, and the drought/osmotic stress applicationsconstituted the sub-plots.In the study, seedling weight, root number, root length, root weight, shoot length, and shoot weight characters weredetermined. It was determined that drought stress applications caused statistically significant decreases in root and shootcharacters. Osmotic stress of, 1.00 MPa and 0.75 MPa caused statistically significant reductions in root and shoot characters.The results indicated that early and mid-early varieties were more tolerant to drought than the late varieties. AlthoughAglika, Anapo, Enola and Hamza varieties were outstanding for their root properties, while Maden, NKU Ergene andBezostaja-1 cultivars showed more appropriate shoot characteristics than other cultivars. Enola, Aglika, Bezostaja-1,NKU Ergene, Anapo, Hamza and Maden bread wheat varieties showed better growth characteristics under drought stressconditions in the study.

The study was carried out to evaluate yield components and some physiological quality traits for 30 durum wheat landraces(native and foreign originated) and 5 obsolete cultivars in Thrace ecological conditions. Experiments were set up inrandomized block design in 3 replicated during the 3 consecutive growing seasons. As a result of the analysis of variance,the differences between the averages of the genotypes for the traits were found to be statistically significant. This indicatedthat there may be enough variation for traits within landraces. The mean values of genotypes ranged between 2238 kg/ha-1and 3749 kg/ha-1 for grain yield, 98.8 cm and 135.3 cm for plant height, 6.04 cm and 8.88 cm for spike length, 26.6 and35.3 for the number of grains per spike, 0.988 g and 1.494 g for grain weight per spike, 36.1 g and 42.7 g for thousandgrain weight, 74.4 kg/hl-1 and 79.4 kg/hl-1 for test weight and 82.1% and 94.6% for vitreous grain percentage. AlthoughKahramanmaraş, Dicle, Boğacak, Sorgül, Ionia, Cyprus and Haurani were determined as promising populations for yieldand yield components, Siverek, Çanakkale, Tokat, Gaziantep, Yozgat and Urfa landraces had better physical quality. Theestimated coefficient of variation and broad sense heritability shifted from 3.9% to 24.52% and from 7.91% to 72.44%for the traits, respectively. Moderately high coefficient of variation, broad sense heritability a genetic advance for plantheight, spike length and vitreous grain percentage indicated that selection based on these traits will be more effective andaccomplished in the genetic material.

NKU Lider is a winter bread wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) variety, developed by Tekirdağ NamıkKemal University, Agricultural Faculty and registeredin 2016. The spike of the NKU Lider variety ismoderately long and dense, white, and awned. Grain isoval, semi hard and red color. NKU Lider is a mediumtallvariety, similar to Flamura 85 and Tekirdağ breadwheat varieties. Plant height is between 85 and 90cm depending on the growing conditions. NKU Lidervariety is a winter type, medium-early, resistant towinter hardiness, good tolerant to drought, high abilityof tillering and trashing, and since its wide adaptability,it can be grown safely not only in the Thrace-MarmaraRegion, but also in other wheat production areas ofour country.

The s tudy was carried out in the experimental area of the Field Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, NamikKemal University in the growing season of 2011-12. In the s tudy, grain yield and its components and some quality traitssuch as 1000 grain weight, wet gluten content, gluten index, sedimentation value and protein content were inves tigated.The results exhibited significant differences among the tes ted genotypes, for all s tudied characters except spike length,indicating genetic variation among them. The genetic variation was higher for grain yield and its components when comparedwith quality characteris tics. These differences show that the effects of increasing gamma irradiation are not sys tematicallynegative for plant height, while positive for all other characters in comparison with controls. In general, it is unders toodthat the highes t percent changes are achieved in 200 and 250 Gy of gamma radiation doses for yield components, whileare in 300-350 Gy for the quality characteris tics. The values of phenotypic coefficient of variation PCV were slightlyhigher than their corresponding values of GCV for all traits. Moderate es timates of genotypic coefficient of variation GCVwere obtained by grain yield (12.50%), gluten content (11.20%) and grain weight per spike (10.20%), respectively. Lowes timates of GCV (less than 10) were recorded for the other characters inves tigated. The h2 values ranged from 37.3%, forsedimentation value, and 86.6%, for plant height, while the values of GA% ranged between 0.09 and 593.0.5% at 10%selection intensity for grain weight per spike and grain yield, respectively. The high values of heritability coupled withhigh values of genetic advance (%) were recorded by plant height, indicates the importance of the additive gene effects,so, selection would be effective in early generations for the trait. The high values of heritability coupled with moderatevalues of genetic advance (%) for harves t index and gluten index indicate selection would be a delay in later generations.

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of sowing time,cultivar and seed fungicide applications on root and crown rot diseaseand grain yield of bread wheat with different earliness traits (Esperia,mid-early; Genesi, late and Anapo, early) in the experiment station ofthe Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, TekirdağNamık Kemal University. Four different fungicides pre-treatments(prothioconazole + tebuconazole, carboxin + thiram, prochloraz +tiriticonazole and control) were applied to the seeds of the varietiesbefore sowing in three different times, on 1 November, 15 Novemberand 30 November 2016. The experiment was designed as a split-splitplot with 3 replications. The results of the variance analysis showedthat the effect of applying different seed fungicide pre-treatment rootand crown rot of bread wheat varieties was statistically significant.While the lowest root and crown rot with 2.67 % was obtained fromthe second sowing time, the highest root and crown rot wasdetermined with a value of 3.64% for the earliest sowing on 01November. Among the four different fungicide pre-treatments, thehighest root and crown rot (5.59%) was obtained in the controlapplication, while the lowest root and crown rot was obtained inprothioconazole + tebuconazole, carboxin + thiram and prochloraz +triticonazole, with 1.96%, 2.10% and 2.19% root and crown rot,respectively. These data indicate that early sowing may increase rootand crown rot severity. Bu çalışma, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü deneme alanında ekim zamanı, çeşit ve tohum ilacı uygulamalarının buğdayda kök ve kök boğazı çürüklüğü hastalıkları ile buğday dane verimine etkilerini araştırmak amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada vejetasyon süreleri farklı olan 3 adet ekmeklik buğday çeşidi (Esperia:orta erkenci, Genesi: geççi ve Anapo: erkenci) kullanılmıştır. Ekimden önce bu çeşitlerin tohumlarına dört farklı fungisit (prothioconazole + tebuconazole, karboxin + thiram, prochloraz + tiriticonazole ve kontrol) uygulanarak 1 Kasım, 15 Kasım ve 30 Kasım 2016 olmak üzere 3 farklı zamanda ekimler yapılmıştır. Deneme, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü deneme alanlarında, bölünen bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre 3 tekrarlamalı olarak düzenlenmiştir. Çalışmada, varyans analizi sonuçlarına göre farklı tohum fungusiti uygulamalarının ekmeklik buğday çeşitlerinin kök ve kök çürüklüğü üzerine etkisi istatistiki olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Farklı ekim zamanlarında en düşü kök ve kök boğazı çürüklüğü %2.67 ile ikinci ekim zamanında elde edilirken, en yüksek kök ve kök boğazı çürüklüğü %3.64 ile en erken ekim olan 01 Kasım ekiminde belirlenmiştir. Dört farklı tohum fungusit uygulamasında en yüksek kök boğazı çürüklüğü (%5.59) kontrol uygulamasından elde edilirken, en düşük kök boğazı çürüklüğü %1.96, %2.10 ve %2.19 ile sırasıyla aynı istatistiki grupta yer alan prothioconazole + tebuconazole, karboxin + thiram ve prochloraz + triticonazole ön uygulamalarından elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler, erken ekim zamanının kök ve kök boğazı çürüklüğünün şiddetini arttırdığını göstermektedir. Y 1https://orcid.org/ 2https://orcid.org/, 3https://orcid.org/

The present research was conducted to evaluate the M1, M2, M3 and M4 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) mutant populations for yield andyield related traits during 2010-11, 2011-12, 2012-13 and 2013-14 at Tekirdağ ecological conditions. Three wheat genotypes were treated withdifferent levels of gamma rays (100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 Gy, 500 Gy and Control). The mutated plants were evaluated along with parentallines (control) for grain yield (GY) and its contributing traits such as plant height (PH), spike length (SL), the number of spikelets per spike(NSPS), the number of grains per spike (NGPS), grain weight per spike (GWPS), harvest index (HI) and thousand grain weight (TGW) underfield conditions. The results obtained from the present study showed that the genotypes significantly and variably differed in their responsefor various traits at different gamma rays doses. The traits such as PH, TGW and grain yield (GY) showed generally reduction with highergamma irradiation doses as compared to low doses, while mutagenic treatments shifted the mean values mostly towards the negative directionin the other yield components. But, the negative or positive shifts were not unidirectional or equally effective for all the traits. These findingssuggested that the variability could be induced through the use of gamma irradiations in bread wheat. Some of the traits showed improvementdue to the induced mutations could be used in future wheat breeding programs. The differences in mean values and the nature of variabilityobserved in M2 indicated a possible preference of selection in M3 generation., Bu araştırma, M1, M2, M3 ve M4 ekmeklik buğday mutant populasyonlarını verim ve verime etkili özellikler bakımından değerlendirmekiçin 2010-11, 2011-12, 2012-13 ve 2013-14 yıllarında Tekirdağ ekolojik koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Üç buğday genotipine farklı dozlardagamma ışını (Kontrol, 100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 Gy ve 500 Gy) uygulanmıştır. Mutant bitkiler anaçları (kontrol) ile birlikte tane verimi(TV) ve bitki boyu (BB), başak uzunluğu (BAU), başakta başakçık sayısı (BABS), başakta tane sayısı (BATS), başakta tane ağırlığı (BATA),hasat indeksi (HI) ve bin tane ağırlığı (BTA) gibi verime etkili özellikler bakımından tarla koşullarında değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmadan eldeedilen sonuçlar, genotiplerin çeşitli özellikler için farklı gamma ışını dozlarına yanıtlarının önemli ve değişken bir şekilde farklı olduğunugöstermiştir. Bitki boyu, bin tane ağırlığı ve tane verimi gibi özellikler düşük dozlarla karşılaştırıldığında yüksek gamma ışını dozlarındagenellikle azalma gösterirken, mutagen uygulamaları diğer verim unsurlarında ortalama değerleri çoğunlukla negatif yöne doğru kaydırmıştır.Ancak, negatif ya da pozitif yöndeki kaymalar tüm özellikler için tek yönde ya da eşit derecede etkili olmamıştır. Bu bulgular, buğdayda gammaışınları kullanılarak varyabilitenin oluşturulabileceğini göstermiştir. Oluşturulan mutasyonlara bağlı olarak gelişme gösteren bazı özelliklergelecekte buğday ıslahı çalışmalarında kullanılabilecektir. M2’de gözlenen varyabilite ve ortalama değerlerdeki farklar M3 generasyonundaseleksiyonun mümkün olabileceğini göstermiştir.

Leaf rust caused by Pucinia recondita tritici is one of the most important diseases of bread wheat worldwide. It is considered that the most environmentally sound; low cost method of controlling leaf rust is to breed and grow genetically resistant wheat varieties. In the research, twenty-four bread wheat varieties grown intensively were used as genetic material in Trakya Region where the North-West Part of Turkey. To create artificial leaf rust epidemic in field conditions, two sensitive varieties (Morrocco and Cumhuriyet 75) was sown after each ten genotypes, and the reactions of the varieties to leaf rust were investigated in field conditions. Isogenic lines carrying the genes Lr9, Lr14, Lr19, Lr24 and Lr47 from CIMMYT were used as control genotypes in molecular analysis. In the field conditions, although Pehlivan, Selimiye, Sagittario, Tina, Anapo, Montchill and Saraybosna were the most sensitive genotypes, Nota, Kate A1, Prostor and Sana were the most resistant bread wheat varieties to leaf rust. It was determined that Sana, Pehlivan, Golia, Falmura 85, Saroz 95, Renan, Sirena, Kate A1, Selimiye, Bezostoja 1, Saraybosna, Nina and Tina varieties have Lr9 gene with SSR analysis. It has been observed that all bread wheat varieties carry Lr14, Lr19, Lr24 and Lr47 (except Krasunia, Aldane and Gelibolu varieties) genes. It is revealed that Lr9 and Lr47 genes should be taken into consideration in the studies to be performed in the region and these genes will be useful to examine together with a larger number of leaf rust genes for more successful results in breeding studies. © Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi.

In this study, the heterotic and heterobelthiotic performance of 22 bread wheat hybrids were evaluated for plant yield and some important yield components during 2006-07 growing season under Tekirdağ, Thrace conditions. Wide genetic variability was observed in the experimental material for the characters. The maximum heterosis and heterobelthiosis were recorded in Syrena x Bezostaja and Sana x Bezostaja (-5.05 and -14.01%) for plant height, Krasunia x Sana and Syrena x Krasunia (25.93 and 9.40%) for spike length, Sadovo 1 x Bezostaja (26.96 and 26.56%) for grains/spike, Pehlivan x Krasunia (25.00 and 22.28%) for grain weight/spike, Bezostaja x Sana and Bezostaja x Sadovo 1 (8.62 and 5.45%) for 1000 grain weight, Sadovo 1 x Bezostaja (9.28 and 9.14%) for harvest index and Pehlivan x Krasunia (27.85 and 24.10%) for grain yield/plant respectively. It is concluded that parents Pehlivan, Sana, Sadovo 1 and Krasunia should be utilized to improve certain traits in hybridization scheme and the hybrid combinations Sana x Bezostaja, Syrena x Krasunia, Sadovo 1 x Bezostaja, Pehlivan x Krasunia and Bezostaja x Sadovo 1 could be recommended for improved yield and enhanced biological production of bread wheat. Bu çalışmada, 2006-07 yetiştirme döneminde Tekirdağ, Trakya koşullarında 22 ekmeklik buğday melezinin bitki verimi ve bazı önemli verim unsurları için heterotik ve heterobeltiotik performansları incelenmiştir. Deneme materyalinde incelenen özellikler için oldukça geniş bir genetik varyabilite gözlenmiştir. En yüksek heterosis ve heteroeltiosis oranları sırasıyla; bitki boyu için Syrena x Bezostaja ve Sana x Bezostaja’da (%-5.05 ve %-14.01), başak uzunluğu için Krasunia x Sana ve Syrena x Krasunia’ da (%25.93 ve %9.40), başakta tane sayısı için Sadovo 1 x Bezostaja’ da (%26.96 ve %26.56), başakta tane ağırlığı için Pehlivan x Krasunia’ da (%25.00 ve %22.28), 1000 tane ağırlığı için Bezostaja x Sana ve Bezostaja x Sadovo 1’de (%8.62 ve %5.45), hasat indeksi için Sadovo 1 x Bezostaja’da (%9.28 and %9.14) ve bitki verimi için Pehlivan x Krasunia’ da (%27.85 ve %24.10) hesaplanmıştır. Pehlivan, Sana, Sadovo 1 ve Krasunia anaçlarının melezleme çalışmalarında belirli özellikleri iyileştirmek için kullanılabileceği ve sırasıyla Sana x Bezostaja, Syrena x Krasunia, Sadovo 1 x Bezostaja, Pehlivan x Krasunia ve Bezostaja x Sadovo 1 melez kombinasyonlarının ekmeklik buğdayda verim artışı için önerilebilecekleri sonucuna varılmıştır.

Variability of grain yield and some yield components of 17 durum wheat varieties with native and exotic originated was investigated. This research was performed under rainfed conditions in three different environments (Tekirdağ, Lüleburgaz and Edirne) during two growing years (2001-2002 and 2002-2003). Significant differences among cultivars, locations and production years were determined. The highest variations among characters were found in grain weight/spike, grains/spike, spike length and grain yield. In the first experimental year, there was a high positive significant correlation between grain yield and grain weight/spike, test weight and 1000 grain weight. In the second experimental year, grain yield showed positive and significant correlations with 1000 grain weight, test weight and stem length. The biggest differences among investigated cultivar of durum wheat were found in stem length, grains/spike and 1000 grain weight. Grain yield of examined cultivars depended mainly on 1000 grain weight, test weight, grain weight/spike and agroecological conditions during the growing period. However, location, production year and genotypes were the most important determinant of potential yield of cultivars. Ç 1252, Fuatbey 2000, Epidur, Kızıltan95, Aydın 93 and Altın 97 were found more suitable cultivars that the others for durum wheat production in Thrace Region. Çalışmada, yerli ve yabancı kökenli on yedi makarnalık buğday çeşitinde verim ve verim komponentlerinde değişim araştırılmıştır. Denemeler, üç farklı lokasyonda (Tekirdağ, Lüleburgaz and Edirne) iki yıl süresince yürütülmüştür. Yapılan varyans analizi sonuçlarına göre, çeşitler, lokasyonlar ve yıllar arasında istatistiki olarak önemli farklılıklar belirlenmiştir. İncelenen karakterlerden başakta dane sayısı, başakta tane ağırlığı, başak uzunluğu ve tane verimi arasında en yüksek varyasyon bulunmuştur. İlk deneme yılında tane verimi ile başakta tane ağırlığı, hektolitre ağırlığı ve 1000 tane ağırlığı arasında önemli olumlu ilişkiler belirlenmiştir. İkinci yıl ise, dane verimi 1000 tane ağırlığı, hektolitre ağırlığı ve sap uzunluğu ile önemli olumlu ilişkiler göstermiştir. Makarnalık buğday çeşitleri arasında en önemli varyasyon sap uzunluğu, başakta tane sayısı ve 1000 tane ağırlığında bulunmuştur. Makarnalık buğday çeşitlerinde tane veriminin ana olarak 1000 tane ağırlığı, hektolitre ağırlığı, başakta tane sayısı ve yetişme periodu süresince agro ekolojik koşullarla bağıntılı olduğu bulunmuştur. Bununla yanında, lokasyon, yetiştirme yılı ve genotiplerde çeşitlerin verim potansiyallerini belirleyen önemli belirleyiciler olmuşlardır. Trakya bölgesi için Ç 1252, Fuatbey 2000, Epidur, Kızıltan 95 , Aydın 93 ve Altın 97 en uygun makarnalık buğday çeşitleri olarak bulunmuştur.

A total of 96 mutant lines were sown in augmented design with 4 check varieties without replications in 6 blocks. When mutants and control genotypes in the M5 generation were investigated for six characters, a considerable number of mutants within the desired characters were obtained. Application of mutation doses resulted in significantly short genotypes among the selected mutant genotypes in the M5. The majority of M4 mutant lines had suitable genotypes in terms of plant height and heading, test weight and a thousand kernel weights.