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Introduction: The interleukin-12/23 (IL-12/23) signalling pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. In addition, even molecularly targeted therapy has been reported to lose adequate response to treatment. Aim: To determine the expression patterns of mRNAs and miRNAs related to IL-12/23 signalling pathways in the human keratinocyte culture exposed to liposaccharide A (LPS) and then adalimumab in comparison with untreated cells. Material and methods: Human, adult, low-Calcium, high-Temperature keratinocyte (HaCaT) cultures were exposed to 1 µg/ml LPS for 8 h, and then adalimumab was added to the cultures at a concentration of 8 µg/ml and incubated for 2, 8, and 24 h. We used mRNA and miRNA microarray, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques. Results: STAT1, STAT3, STAT5, IL-6, IL-6R, SOCS3, and JAK3 genes differentiated HaCaT cultures with the drug from controls regardless of the time the cells were exposed to the drug. The addition of adalimumab to a culture previously exposed to LPS resulted in silencing of SOCS3 and IL-6 expression compared to the control, while for the other transcripts they were found to be overexpressed compared to the control culture. The assessment indicated the strongest connections between JAK3 and hsa-miR-373-5p (target score 96); SOCS3, STAT5, and hsa-miR-1827 (target score 96). Conclusions: Our study indicates that adalimumab has the strongest modulating effect on mRNA and miRNA expression of JAK/STAT and IL-6-dependent IL-12/23 pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects 1--3% of the population. The pathomechanism of psoriasis development is complex, but genetic (non-modifiable) factors play a key role. However, the importance of environmental factors and lifestyle choices, such as the diet, alcohol consumption, and smoking, is increasing. The objective of this review was to analyse the influence of dietary habits, alcohol consumption, and smoking on the clinical course of psoriasis. Stress, a poor diet, alcohol abuse, and smoking can trigger psoriasis or cause its exacerbation. Therefore, in addition to the correct selection of therapy, it is extremely important to educate patients about the impact of these factors on the onset and progression of psoriasis. This literature review confirms that a holistic and multidisciplinary approach is required for patients with psoriasis, further emphasizing Hippocrates' thesis, "Let food be thy medicine, and medicine be thy food". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Psoriasis course involves increased secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, among others, a beta transforming growth factor (TGFβs) and its receptors. Cyclosporine A (CsA), an immunosuppressive medicine with the molecular mechanism of operation connected with the properties of cell cycle suppression, is often used in the treatment of severe forms of psoriasis. The efficacy of therapy is assessed based on the disease clinical progression indexes – Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), body surface area (BSA), and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). The aim of the study was the evaluation of the efficacy of the CsA treatment of patients with psoriasis vulgaris, based on the clinical parameters and an assessment of the expression profiles of TGFβs and TGFβRs, depending on the concurrent diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Methods: The group under study composed of 32 patients (15 with the metabolic syndrome, seven with diabetes) treated with CsA for 84 days. The molecular analysis included extraction of RNA, assessment of TGβF1‐3, TGFβRI‐III gene expression with the use of the RTqPCR method. The clinical assessment of the effects of this pharmacotherapy involved evaluation of the parameters: PASI, BSA, DLQI before therapy commencement, on the 42nd and 84th days of therapy. Results: A statistically significant change in the transcription activity of TGFβ1 in patients with and without diabetes (P = 0.018) and patients with and without metabolic syndrome (P = 0.023) was shown that on the 84th day of therapy. Conclusions: TGFb1 may be claimed as the supplementary molecular marker to evaluate the efficacy of CsA therapy. It seems that systemic diseases have an effect on the efficacy of the applied pharmacotherapy and the course of psoriasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Psoriasis is a chronic, immunologic, multi-factor inflammatory skin disease, strongly associated with a higher level of a number of cytokines, such as isoforms of transforming growth factor β(TGF-β1-3) and its receptors (TGF-βRI-III). One of the most popular and important drugs used to treat this disease is cyclosporin A (CsA). Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of genes encoding the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β isoforms and receptors of the cytokine TGF-βRs in psoriatic patients during an 84-day long observation of the effects of cyclosporin A therapy. It made an attempt to determine the usefulness of testing mRNA expression of TGF-β1-3 and its receptors TGF-βRI-III as the supplementary molecular markers of lost sensitivity to the medicine. Material and methods: The study group consisted of 32 patients with psoriasis (20 men and 12 women) treated with cyclosporin A. The changes in expression patterns of TGF-β1-3 and TGF-βRI-III were performed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RTqPCR). Results: The expression of TGF-β1-3 and TGF-βRI-III were detected in the whole period of therapy with CsA. Changes in transcriptional activities of TGF-β1-3 and TGF-βRI-III during pharmacotherapy were observed. Differences in the expression of these genes were found before and after 42 and 84 days of using CsA. Conclusions: The changes in expression profiles of TGF-β1-3 and TGF-βRI-III during CsA therapy can be a useful molecular marker of lost sensitivity to the medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The need to monitor creatinine levels during CsA therapy due to its nephrotoxic effect is also emphasized by Hong et al. studies (Hong et al., [2]). In summary, an increase in creatinine and BMI values was observed during CsA therapy due to psoriasis vulgaris. [Extracted from the article]

Molecular analysis is key to a better understanding of drug resistance during therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL)—IL12A, IL12B, IL23A, interferon gamma (IFN‐γ) in psoriatic patients during 84 days of treatment and TNF‐α on the protein level. The study group consisted of 32 psoriatic patients during cyclosporine A therapy. The molecular analysis was made by using real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain assay (RTqPCR) and MALDI ToF mass spectroscopy three times: after 0, 42, 84 days of treatment. Statistically significant differences (p < .05) in transcriptional activity were observed for genes: TNF‐α (0 vs. 42nd days p =.006; 0 vs. 84th days p =.005), IL23A (0 vs. 42nd days p =.041), IFN‐γ (0 vs. 42th days p =.040; 0 vs. 84th days p =.041), IL17 (0 vs. 42nd p =.000003 0 vs. 84th p =.001650), IL12A (0 vs. 42nd p =.0047 vs. 84th p =.0063). The expression of TNF‐α was downregulated during therapy, IL23A was upregulated during CsA treatment, while the expression of IFN‐γ and IL17 were higher after 42 days and lower after 84 days compared to 0 days of CsA treatment. It seems that TNF‐α, IL12A, IL23A, IFN‐γ, and IL17 can be useful complementary molecular markers to assess the efficacy of psoriasis treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metabolic diseases concurrent with psoriasis may considerably affect the intensity of its symptoms and therapy efficacy. Cyclosporine A (CsA) is one of the medicines used in conventional therapy of psoriasis. The aim of the study was to determine whether Diabetes 2 and metabolic syndromes influence the efficacy of the CsA therapy in psoriatic patients. The sample group was composed of 32 patients with diagnosed moderate to severe forms of psoriasis vulgaris. The group was divided into subgroups, with regard to concurrently occurring Diabetes 2 and metabolic syndromes. The subgroups were composed of as follows: with diabetes—7 patients, without diabetes—25, with metabolic syndrome—15, without concurrent metabolic syndrome—17, with a metabolic syndrome without diabetes—8 and with both a metabolic syndrome and diabetes—7 patients. The efficacy of therapy was evaluated in each subgroup on the basis of the following scales: PASI, BSA, DLQI on the day of therapy commencing, after 42 and 84 days of the CsA therapy. The statistical analysis was performed with the use of STATISICA 12 (Cracow, Poland; p < .05). The following tests were used: The ANOVA Friedeman test, the posthoc test for ANOVA Friedeman test, the Mann–Whitney U test. We observed clinical improvement measured with PASI BSA scales in each subgroup. The patients themselves also reported improved comfort in their lives, which is confirmed by the lower score in the DLQI scale after 42 and 84 days of the pharmacotherapy. Differences in the values of each scale in a given subgroup turned to be statistically significant. The biggest differences occur after the first 42 days of therapy and they last in the later period of observations. We did not determine any statistically significant differences as a response to treatment in the subgroups subject to comparison. Diabetes and a metabolic syndrome concurrent with psoriasis vulgaris do not affect the efficacy of CsA therapy, which indicates no necessity to modify the standard dosage of the medicine and therapy regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The interleukin-12/23 (IL-12/23) signalling pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. In addition, even molecularly targeted therapy has been reported to lose adequate response to treatment., Aim: To determine the expression patterns of mRNAs and miRNAs related to IL-12/23 signalling pathways in the human keratinocyte culture exposed to liposaccharide A (LPS) and then adalimumab in comparison with untreated cells., Material and Methods: Human, adult, low-Calcium, high-Temperature keratinocyte (HaCaT) cultures were exposed to 1 µg/ml LPS for 8 h, and then adalimumab was added to the cultures at a concentration of 8 µg/ml and incubated for 2, 8, and 24 h. We used mRNA and miRNA microarray, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques., Results: STAT1, STAT3, STAT5, IL-6, IL-6R, SOCS3, and JAK3 genes differentiated HaCaT cultures with the drug from controls regardless of the time the cells were exposed to the drug. The addition of adalimumab to a culture previously exposed to LPS resulted in silencing of SOCS3 and IL-6 expression compared to the control, while for the other transcripts they were found to be overexpressed compared to the control culture. The assessment indicated the strongest connections between JAK3 and hsa-miR-373-5p (target score 96); SOCS3, STAT5, and hsa-miR-1827 (target score 96)., Conclusions: Our study indicates that adalimumab has the strongest modulating effect on mRNA and miRNA expression of JAK/STAT and IL-6-dependent IL-12/23 pathways., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright: © 2023 Termedia Sp. z o. o.)

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects 1-3% of the population. The pathomechanism of psoriasis development is complex, but genetic (non-modifiable) factors play a key role. However, the importance of environmental factors and lifestyle choices, such as the diet, alcohol consumption, and smoking, is increasing. The objective of this review was to analyse the influence of dietary habits, alcohol consumption, and smoking on the clinical course of psoriasis. Stress, a poor diet, alcohol abuse, and smoking can trigger psoriasis or cause its exacerbation. Therefore, in addition to the correct selection of therapy, it is extremely important to educate patients about the impact of these factors on the onset and progression of psoriasis. This literature review confirms that a holistic and multidisciplinary approach is required for patients with psoriasis, further emphasizing Hippocrates' thesis, "Let food be thy medicine, and medicine be thy food"., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright: © 2023 Termedia Sp. z o. o.)

To our knowledge, there are no previously published cases of enteroviral infection complicated by pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA). A 30-year-old woman is reported with a severe form of PLEVA, preceded by hand, foot and mouth disease. Immunosuppressive treatment with cyclosporin A resulted in rapid clinical improvement.