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The paper "A Politico-Social Approach with Polemical Emphasis on the Hieroglyphic History" aims to point out Dimitrie Cantemir's contribution to the Romanian and European culture. I have chosen for this argumentation the cantemirian work "The Hieroglyphic History". I have identifiesd at least five themes the writer develops and clothe into an original form which comes from his life experience. Making use of satire, irony, polemical virulence, the writer portrays a picture of the social life, launches the theory of hereditary dynasty by means of cultivated and educated people, upholds the rising of the peasantry and admonishes the boyars' habits, exposes certain ethical principles and, last but not least, meditates on the human condition submitted to the Fortune's trials. The paper aims to highlight the fact that the writer criticizes the aspects/habits of his contemporaries, attempting, to a certain extent, their improvement. His critics represent a lesson of life. Everything reveals an enlighted scholar, concerned about the Romanian people's fate and education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]