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Isfahan Province, situated at the heart of Iran, is known for its bustling roadway systems, largely due to its popular tourist sites and strategic location. Tragically, this province has witnessed a consistent rise in death rates attributed to traffic crashes from 2012 to 2017. This study's central objective was to delve into the underlying factors precipitating such fatal traffic incidents in Isfahan Province during this time frame. This rigorous, cross-sectional analytical research was executed in 2022 and encompassed an evaluation of 9,683 fatality incidents related to traffic accidents in Isfahan Province from 2012 to 2017. The dataset for our analysis comprised all death reports collated during this period by the forensic medicine department of Isfahan Province. We leveraged ArcGIS software to elucidate the geographical distribution of road crashes, and a Chi-square test was employed to identify the associated risk factors. To predict these risk factors leading to death, we constructed a random parameter binary logit model incorporating heterogeneity in means and variances. The model was thoroughly analyzed using Nlogit 6 software. The logistic regression results highlighted significant correlations between seasonality, the deceased's role in the crash, type of vehicle, and city location with crash-related mortality. The provincial capital registered a higher count of fatal crashes compared to other cities. We recommend enhanced public education to foster adherence to road safety measures, curtailment of irresponsible and dangerous behaviors, and elevation in vehicle safety standards as key steps towards enforcing driving regulations. Further, in the aftermath of an accident, prompt arrival of emergency services at the crash scene is vital to minimize casualties and expedite the transportation of injured victims to nearby medical facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using modified bitumen has been one of the few reliable methods adopted for improving asphalt performance against moisture sensitivity. This research offers an approach in which both mechanical methods and micro-mechanism investigations have been employed to study the effect of bitumen modified with epoxy resin on the moisture sensitivity of asphalt mixtures. Six bitumen samples: base bitumen and bitumen modified with 1% to 5% epoxy resins, and two types of aggregates (limestone and siliceous) were selected for this study. Surface Free Energy method and Modified Lottman test were used to investigate the moisture sensitivity of asphalt mixtures containing each bitumen-aggregates combination. In the first method, surface free energy values of bitumen and aggregates were estimated and then used in predicting energy parameters related to the moisture sensitivity parameters, using which the changes in adhesion and wetting properties of each bitumen-aggregates mixture were analyzed. In the second method, the indirect tensile strength test was performed on dry and wet asphalt samples, and the tensile strength ratios were obtained for each asphalt mixture, through which the moisture resistance of samples were investigated. Based on the values obtained for the three parameters, it was concluded that epoxy resin addition decreased the moisture sensitivity of asphalt mixtures containing siliceous aggregates by increasing the bitumen and aggregates adhesion as well as increasing the wetting of the aggregates surface with bitumen. Also, in asphalt mixtures containing limestone aggregates, epoxy resin improved moisture sensitivity, but this improvement was only due to increased adhesion between bitumen and aggregates, while the impact of bitumen coating on aggregates surface did not change significantly with the addition of epoxy resin. Among the asphalt mixtures studied, the highest moisture resistance was observed in asphalt mixture containing 4% epoxy resin, at which the Tensile Strength Ratio parameter showed an increase of 11.3% and 21.5% for limestone and siliceous mixtures, respectively, compared to the base asphalt mixture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, thin film solar cells enhanced by nanoparticles have attracted much attention of the scientific community. To improve the performance of such cells, a systematic study on the influence of the nanoparticle material on the efficiency of the enhancement is performed. Based on optimization of the nanoparticle array parameters, the role of dispersion and dissipation of the nanoparticle material is discussed and analyzed with respect to optical absorption of the photoactive layer. In this work, the effect of gold (Au) nanoparticles on the performance of a-mlif niht solar cells is investigated. The absorption enhancement of the silicon was systematically investigated via the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method was studied by calculating the enhancement factor by using the Lumerical FDTD simulation package. The plasmonic effect of the Au nanoparticles allows for additional scattering at the surface thus reducing the overall reflectivity. The larger the nanoparticle size the more scattering is obtained and the median reflectivity drops from about 23% to 18%.This structure may be used to develop highly efficient thin film solar cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]