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Constructing nanozyme-based single atoms with exposed metal-Nx catalytic sites for alendronate sodium (ALDS) tablet quality control is a complex and uncommon task. Herein, we presented an innovative colorimetric assay to detect ALDS utilizing carbon-supported Fe/Co dual-atom nanozymes (Fe/CoSA-NCs) derived from a precursor of porphyrin covalent organic frameworks (COFs). The Fe/CoSA-NC nanozymes, featuring an Fe–N5 active site and electronic interactions between Fe and Co, exhibited enhanced peroxidase-like activity. Experimental findings and theoretical calculations elucidated that the superior activity of Fe/CoSA-NCs stemmed from the synergistic effect of the dual atoms, which boosted substrate adsorption and reduced the reaction barrier. When integrated with ALDS and Fe/CoSA-NCs, the peroxidase-like activity of Fe/CoSA-NCs could be inhibited due to ALDS-Fe3+ coordination. Leveraging this mechanism, a rapid and selective colorimetric method was developed for detecting ALDS. The Fe/CoSA-NC sensor showed a detection limit of 0.96 μM for ALDS in phosphate buffer, surpassing traditional techniques in terms of efficiency, accuracy, and simplicity. Moreover, the system was successfully utilized to control the pharmaceutical quality of ALDS and to determine ALDS in urine samples. This work opens a powerful avenue for developing efficient dual-atom nanozymes from COFs and expands the potential applications of nanozyme clinical pharmacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The excessive and prolonged use of antibiotics contributes to the emergence of drug‐resistant S. aureus strains and potential dysbacteriosis‐related diseases, necessitating the exploration of alternative therapeutic approaches. Herein, we present a light‐activated nanocatalyst for synthesizing in situ antimicrobials through photoredox‐catalytic click reaction, achieving precise, site‐directed elimination of S. aureus skin infections. Methylene blue (MB), a commercially available photosensitizer, was encapsulated within the CuII‐based metal–organic framework, MOF‐199, and further enveloped with Pluronic F‐127 to create the light‐responsive nanocatalyst MB@PMOF. Upon exposure to red light, MB participates in a photoredox‐catalytic cycle, driven by the 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylic carboxylate salts (BTC−) ligand presented in the structure of MOF‐199. This light‐activated MB then catalyzes the reduction of CuII to CuI through a single‐electron transfer (SET) process, efficiently initiating the click reaction to form active antimicrobial agents under physiological conditions. Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated the effectiveness of MB@PMOF‐catalyzed drug synthesis in inhibiting S. aureus, including their methicillin‐resistant strains, thereby accelerating skin healing in severe bacterial infections. This study introduces a novel design paradigm for controlled, on‐site drug synthesis, offering a promising alternative to realize precise treatment of bacterial infections without undesirable side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs), employing conjugated polymers for both polymer donors and acceptors within the active layer, offer numerous benefits, such as outstanding mechanical flexibility, device longevity, and suitability for roll-to-roll manufacturing processes. Recently, polymerized small molecule acceptors have emerged as pivotal contributors to the advancement of all-PSCs, particularly in enhancing power conversion efficiencies. Nevertheless, the quest for high-performance and cost-effective polymer donors for all-PSCs persists, presenting a bottleneck in the broader-scale production. Polythiophene and its derivatives (PTs) have garnered renewed attention owing to their simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and scalability. The development of PT-based all-PSCs stands as a promising avenue toward achieving high efficiency, low cost, and enhanced stability in organic solar cells. This review centers on PT-based all-PSCs, elucidating the design principles of polymer acceptors compatible with classic P3TH and outlining strategies for novel PTs to attain high efficiency. Additionally, we offer comprehensive insights into device optimization strategies and discuss the parameters pertinent to PT-based all-PSCs, with the aim of advancing research in this promising field of renewable energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Necroptosis induced by receptor‐interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) is engaged in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) pathology. In this study, we explored the impact of RIPK3 activation on neuronal necroptosis and the mechanism of the death domain‐associated protein (DAXX)‐mediated nuclear necroptosis pathway after ICH. Methods: Potential molecules linked to the progression of ICH were discovered using RNA sequencing. The level of DAXX was assessed by quantitative real‐time PCR, ELISA, and western blotting. DAXX localization was determined by immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation assays. The RIPK3 inhibitor GSK872 and DAXX knockdown with shRNA‐DAXX were used to examine the nuclear necroptosis pathway associated with ICH. Neurobehavioral deficit assessments were performed. Results: DAXX was increased in patients and mice after ICH. In an ICH mouse model, shRNA‐DAXX reduced brain water content and alleviated neurologic impairments. GSK872 administration reduced the expression of DAXX. shRNA‐DAXX inhibited the expression of p‐MLKL. Immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation assays showed that RIPK3 and AIF translocated into the nucleus and then bound with nuclear DAXX. Conclusions: RIPK3 revitalization promoted neuronal necroptosis in ICH mice, partially through the DAXX signaling pathway. RIPK3 and AIF interacted with nuclear DAXX to aggravate ICH injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: All‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs) have attracted considerable attention due to their inherent advantages over other types of organic solar cells, including superior optical and thermal stability, as well as exceptional mechanical durability. Recently, all‐PSCs have experienced remarkable advancements in device performance thanks to the invention of polymerized small‐molecule acceptors (PSMAs) since 2017. Among these PSMAs, PY‐IT has garnered immense interest from the scientific community due to its exceptional performance in all‐PSCs. In this review, we presented the design principles of PY‐IT and discussed the various strategies employed in device engineering for PY‐IT‐based all‐PSCs. These strategies include additive and interface engineering, layer‐by‐layer processing methods, meniscus‐assisted coating methods, and ternary strategy. Furthermore, this review highlighted several novel polymeric donor materials that are paired with PY‐IT to achieve efficient all‐PSCs. Lastly, we summarized the inspiring strategies for further advancing all‐PSCs based on PY‐IT. These strategies aim to enhance the overall performance and stability of all‐PSCs by exploring new materials, optimizing device architectures, and improving fabrication techniques. By leveraging these approaches, we anticipate significant progress in the development of all‐PSCs and their potential as a viable renewable energy source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: All‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs) have attracted considerable attention due to their inherent advantages over other types of organic solar cells, including superior optical and thermal stability, as well as exceptional mechanical durability. Recently, all‐PSCs have experienced remarkable advancements in device performance thanks to the invention of polymerized small‐molecule acceptors (PSMAs) since 2017. Among these PSMAs, PY‐IT has garnered immense interest from the scientific community due to its exceptional performance in all‐PSCs. In this review, we presented the design principles of PY‐IT and discussed the various strategies employed in device engineering for PY‐IT‐based all‐PSCs. These strategies include additive and interface engineering, layer‐by‐layer processing methods, meniscus‐assisted coating methods, and ternary strategy. Furthermore, this review highlighted several novel polymeric donor materials that are paired with PY‐IT to achieve efficient all‐PSCs. Lastly, we summarized the inspiring strategies for further advancing all‐PSCs based on PY‐IT. These strategies aim to enhance the overall performance and stability of all‐PSCs by exploring new materials, optimizing device architectures, and improving fabrication techniques. By leveraging these approaches, we anticipate significant progress in the development of all‐PSCs and their potential as a viable renewable energy source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymerized small molecule acceptors have recently greatly facilitated the development of all‐polymer solar cells (All‐PSCs) with respect to the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). However, high‐performance and low‐cost polymer donors for All‐PSCs are still lacking, limiting further large‐scale manufacturing of All‐PSCs. Herein, this work designs and synthesizes a new thiophene derivative, FETVT, featuring vinyl‐bridged fluorine and ester‐substituted monothiophene. Incorporation of FETVT into a polymer yields a high‐performance polythiophene derivative PFETVT‐T, which exhibits deep‐lying HOMO level, suitable solution pre‐aggregation ability, finely‐tuned polymer crystallinity, and appropriate thermodynamic miscibility with the polymer acceptor L15. As a result, binary based on PFETVT‐T achieves a record PCE of 11.81% with agood stability, representing a breakthrough for polythiophenes and their derivatives‐based All‐PSCs, which is also significantly higher than that (1.92%) of All‐PSCs based on its isomerized analog. Remarkably, PFETVT‐T achieves an impressive PCE exceeding 16% via the implementation of a ternary blend design. These findings offer a hopeful pathway toward attaining high‐performance, stable, and cost‐effective PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past decades, immunotherapy has achieved a series of clinical successes in the field of cancer. However, existing therapeutic options usually show a low immune response to solid tumors caused by immunosuppressive "cold" tumor microenvironment (TME). Several types of proinflammatory regulated cell death (RCD), mainly including ferroptosis and pyroptosis, have been studied recently, which can provide proinflammatory signals and immunogenicity necessary for remodeling TME and activating an antitumor immune response. A variety of chemotherapeutic drugs are proven to be effective in the proinflammatory RCD induction of tumor cells, but several adverse effects and intrinsic drug resistance usually occur in the therapeutic process, greatly hindering their further clinical application. The emerging organic photosensitizer (PS)‐based materials open new possibilities to effectively activate proinflammatory RCD through precise spatiotemporal regulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species‐associated signaling pathways, which can overcome many challenges encountered in current proinflammatory RCD‐mediated immunotherapy. In this review, the recent design strategies of PS probes are detailly summarized and their potential advantages for tumor‐specific proinflammatory RCD induction are discussed. Moreover, the representative examples in cancer immunotherapy are highlighted and future perspectives in this emerging field are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: Bithiophene imide (BTI)‐based polymers have been promising photovoltaic materials due to their high mobility and tunable energy levels. However, BTI polymers have rarely been revisited since organic solar cells (OSCs) entered the era of non‐fullerene electron acceptors (NFEA) likely owing to their incompatibility with NFEAs. Herein, fine‐tuning the aggregation and orientation of BTI‐based donor‐π‐acceptor (D‐π‐A) polymer donors was achieved by incorporating the linear n‐octyl group into thiophene π‐bridge. The resulting polymer donor G15 shows excellent compatibility with NFEA L15 (polymer acceptor). The G15‐based all‐polymer OSCs achieve high power conversion efficiency of 15.17%. This is significantly higher than that (< 5%) of its analogue with isomerized branched alkyl chains and also among the highest values for all‐polymer OSCs. The results highlight that well‐tailored BTI polymer donors are attractive photovoltaic materials for further exploration in non‐fullerene organic solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hole transport materials (HTMs) are of great significance to improve the efficiency and long‐term stability of perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). Herein, a series of new HTMs based on isomeric dithienothiophene (DTT) are designed and synthesized. Effects of sulphur (S) atoms positions on defect passivation and performance of PVSCs are systematically investigated through theoretical computation, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, etc. The three molecules display noticeable isomeric effect in energy level, light absorption, and hole mobility. With S atoms varied from bottom‐bottom‐bottom in 3T‐1 to bottom‐bottom‐top in 3T‐2, then to bottom‐top‐bottom in 3T‐3, the grown perovskite crystallite on the corresponding HTMs shows more homeogenous film morphology and less pinhole traps. Meanwhile, nonradiative recombination losses can be suppressed and hole extraction efficiency at HTM/perovskite surface can be improved from 3T‐1 to 3T‐3. As a result, the remarkable improvement of short‐circuit current density nd open‐circuit voltage in inverted perovskite solar cells can be realized with increasing the sulphur atoms contribution to the molecular conjugation. More importantly, 3T‐3‐based dopant‐free HTM achieves a top power conversion efficiency of 19.23% in PVSCs with good device stability under green solvent processing. These results demonstrate the role of S atoms positions in HTMs on photovoltaic performance of PVSCs and the potential of DTT in developing eco‐friendly HTMs toward efficient PVSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hemoglobin-functionalized HKUST-1 as an artificial oxygen carrier has been developed. The new oxygen carrier has excellent oxygen loading capacity and good chemical durability. The sustained electrochemical responses toward H2O2 and O2 make this new material an ideal candidate as a promising artificial blood substitute. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is commonly used for deciphering gene functions. For effective qPCR analyses, suitable reference genes are needed for normalization. The objective of this study is to identify the appropriate reference gene(s) for qPCR analyses of the leaves and roots of ramie (Boehmeria nivea L.), an important natural fiber crop. To accomplish this goal, we investigated the expression patterns of eight common plant qPCR reference genes in ramie leaves and roots under five abiotic stresses, five hormonal treatments, and one biotic stress. The relative expression stabilities of the eight genes were evaluated using four common but different approaches: geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder. Across the 11 tested conditions, ACT1 was the most stably expressed among the eight genes while GAPDH displayed the biggest variation. Overall, while variations in the suggested reference genes were found for different tissue x treatment combinations, our analyses revealed that together, genes ACT1, CYP2, and UBQ can provide robust references for gene expression studies of ramie leaves under most conditions, while genes EF-1α, TUB, and ACT1 can be used for similar studies of ramie roots. Our results should help future functional studies of the genes in ramie genome across tissues and environmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hormone melatonin (MT) is produced by the pineal gland in animals and can also be found in plants and algae. MT regulates not only sleep, reduces the effects of jet lag, and has anti-aging properties in animals, but also eliminates intracellular reactive oxygen species and promotes vegetative growth in plants. However, research on its biological function in microalgae is still rare. The present study involved the construction of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii expression vector pDBle-AANAT, which harbours the gene of one of the enzymes of the MT synthesis pathway, aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT). The AANAT gene was introduced into the genome of the model microalga C. reinhardtii via glass bead transformation. The AANAT transgenic algal strain was identified by resistance screening, culture, and molecular biology methods. Changes in MT content between transformed algal strain and nontransformed algal strains were detected and the antioxidant capacity of the AANAT overexpressing algal strain was analysed under salt stress. The results showed that genetically engineered algae can increase the content of MT in algal cells by overexpressing AANAT. Under salt stress conditions, this can help to improve the enzymatic activity of the antioxidant system of algal cells and reduce membrane damage to counteract the adverse external stress. This enhances the self-protection ability of C. reinhardtii. This study reveals the effects of MT overproduction on the physiological functions of C. reinhardtii. Additionally, the potential functions of MT in the response of C. reinhardtii to stress have been elucidated, thus broadening the functional scope of MT in plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melatonin (MT; N-acetyl-5-methoxy-tryptamine), a natural derivative of tryptophan, is a central biomolecule synthesised by almost all organisms, including animals and plants. As an antioxidant, MT is involved in many cell responses associated with the protection of plants against abiotic stress. However, there are few studies on the function of MT in microalgae. Our work focused on the relationship between exogenous MT and salt stress in the single-celled eukaryote Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, evaluating for growth, cell morphology, malondialdehyde (MDA) content (the peroxidation product of the cell membrane), activity of antioxidant enzymes and MT concentration under 100 mM NaCl treatment. Growth of Chlamydomonas was promoted at MT concentrations of 0.1 and 1.0 μM, but at 10 and 100 μM, MT was associated with negative effects on growth. MT at 1 μM maintained intact cell morphology and cellular aggregation in an unfavourable salt environment. MT concentrations of 0.1, 1 and 10 μM MT led to increased activity of the antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) but reduced MDA. In conclusion, by increasing relative enzyme activity and maintaining a balanced redox state, exogenous MT may improve salt tolerance of C. reinhardtii to allow normal growth. A suitable concentration of exogenous MT improved the growth of C. reinhardtii in a salt environment and increased the activity of antioxidant system–related enzymes to protect cells. These results provide insight into the function of MT in a model green alga. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melatonin (MT; N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a pleiotropic signaling molecule that has been demonstrated to play an important role in plant growth, development, and regulation of environmental stress responses. Studies have been conducted on the role of the exogenous application of MT in a few species, but the potential mechanisms of MT-mediated stress tolerance under salt stress are still largely unknown. In this study, naked oat seedlings under salt stress (150 mM NaCl) were pretreated with two different concentrations of MT (50 and 100 μM), and the effects of MT on the growth and antioxidant capacity of naked oat seedlings were analyzed to explore the regulatory effect of MT on salt tolerance. The results showed that pretreating with different concentrations of MT promoted the growth of seedlings in response to 150 mM NaCl. Different concentrations of MT reduced hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, and malondialdehyde contents. The exogenous application of MT also increased superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxide activities. Chlorophyll content, leaf area, leaf volume, and proline increased in the leaves of naked oat seedlings under 150 mM NaCl stress. MT upregulated the expression levels of the lipid peroxidase genes lipoxygenase and peroxygenase, a chlorophyll biosynthase gene (ChlG), the mitogen-activated protein kinase genes Asmap1 and Aspk11, and the transcription factor genes (except DREB2), NAC, WRKY1, WRKY3, and MYB in salt-exposed MT-pretreated seedlings when compared with seedlings exposed to salt stress alone. These results demonstrate an important role of MT in the relief of salt stress and, therefore, provide a reference for managing salinity in naked oat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peptides and peptidomimetics are emerging as an important class of clinic therapeutics. Here we report a peptide-guided method for the functionalization and macrocyclization of bioactive peptidosulfonamides by Pd(II)-catalyzed late-stage C-H activation. In this protocol, peptides act as internal directing groups and enable site-selective olefination of benzylsulfonamides and cyclization of benzosulfonamides to yield benzosultam-peptidomimetics. Our results provide an unusual example of benzosulfonamide cyclization with olefins through a sequential C-H activation, which involves the generation of a reactive palladium-peptide complex. Furthermore, this protocol allows facile self-guided macrocyclization of sulfonamide-containing peptides by intramolecular olefination with acrylates and unactivated alkenes, affording bioactive peptidosulfonamide macrocycles of various sizes. Together, our results highlight the utility of peptides as internal directing groups in facilitating transition metal-catalyzed functionalization of peptidomimetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: Bithiophene imide (BTI)‐based polymers have been promising photovoltaic materials due to their high mobility and tunable energy levels. However, BTI polymers have rarely been revisited since organic solar cells (OSCs) entered the era of non‐fullerene electron acceptors (NFEA) likely owing to their incompatibility with NFEAs. Herein, fine‐tuning the aggregation and orientation of BTI‐based donor‐π‐acceptor (D‐π‐A) polymer donors was achieved by incorporating the linear n‐octyl group into thiophene π‐bridge. The resulting polymer donor G15 shows excellent compatibility with NFEA L15 (polymer acceptor). The G15‐based all‐polymer OSCs achieve high power conversion efficiency of 15.17%. This is significantly higher than that (< 5%) of its analogue with isomerized branched alkyl chains and also among the highest values for all‐polymer OSCs. The results highlight that well‐tailored BTI polymer donors are attractive photovoltaic materials for further exploration in non‐fullerene organic solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optimization of morphology in all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) often relies on the use of solvent additives. However, their tendency to remain trapped in the device due to high boiling points leads to performance degradation over time. In this study, we introduce a novel approach involving the design and synthesis of one dual-asymmetric solid additive featuring mono-brominated-asymmetric dithienothiophene (SL-1). Leveraging the synergistic effects of asymmetric substitution and core structures, fine-tuning the molecule dipole moment enhancing solid additive interactions with host materials, thereby regulating polymer aggregation and influencing blend morphology during device fabrication. This results in highly ordered π-π stacking and a favorable phase-separated morphology within all-polymer active layer. Our work achieved a record efficiency of 19.19 % in eco-friendly all-PSCs, significantly outperforming SL-0 (18.37 %) and SL-2 (16.60 %), both featuring an asymmetric core. Furthermore, SL-1-treated all-PSCs retain over 90 % of their initial efficiency after 2140 hours of operation, with an extrapolated T 80 lifetime reaching 12400 hours. This represents a significant improvement in stability compared to devices treated with solvent additive (1-CN), which typically exhibits a T 90 lifetime of 700 hours. Our findings underscore the efficacy of utilizing dual-asymmetric solid additives as a straightforward and viable strategy for optimizing all-polymer morphology. SL-1 represents a promising advancement towards eco-friendly fabrication and application of high-efficiency and stable all-PSCs., (© 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as an innovative approach in cancer treatment, effectively inducing tumor cell death through light-triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Additionally, PDT can also trigger antitumor immune responses, thereby reducing the risk of postoperative tumor recurrence. However, the development of highly efficient photosensitizers aimed at activating immune responses for comprehensive tumor eradication remains at an early stage. In this study, we developed a new organic photosensitizer, ThC, which exhibits excellent mitochondrial-targeting effect and significantly enhanced ROS production compared to traditional photosensitizers, such as Chlorin e6 (Ce6). Our findings demonstrate that ThC robustly induces immunogenic cell death (ICD) process in hepatic cancer cells, which could effectively transform immunologically "cold" tumors into "hot" tumors. Through in situ injection and subsequent white light irradiation, ThC achieved superior efficacy in eliminating subcutaneous hepatic tumors. Immunological analyses revealed that ThC treatment led to elevated levels of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, along with a reduction in immunosuppressive cell populations (Tregs and tumor-associated macrophages) within the tumor microenvironment. This study provides a novel therapeutic agent with significant potential for clinical translation for the treatment of malignant tumors., (© 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Simultaneous improvement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) and device stability is very important for organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, oligothiophene-based polymer W19 with excellent solvent resistance is exploited as a polymer thin layer to optimize the active layer morphology and then device efficiency and stability. Polymer W19 possesses a simple skeleton of trifluromethyl-substituted dithienoquinoxaline and quaterthiophene, whose thin layer shows suitable energy level, low surface energy, and strong interchain aggregation, leading to outstanding solvent resistance and excellent hole transport ability. Optimized vertical separation alleviates trap state density and energy loss, improves hole transfer dynamics, and balances the charge transport, thus maximizing open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density, and fill factor simultaneously. A high PCE of 19.70% is achieved for the W19 treated devices. Noticeably, OSCs treated with W19 retained 87% of its initial PCE after continuous illumination for 800 h, which is higher than that of 74% of the control. Large area devices of 1 and 4 cm 2 can achieve high efficiencies of 17.36% and 14.46%, respectively. This work highlights that the polymer thin layer W19 with the ability of strong solvent resistance has the great potential to further improve the efficiency and photostability of OSCs., (© 2025 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Rapid and accurate intraoperative pathological diagnosis (IOPD) is essential for intraoperative decision-making to improve patients' outcomes and avoid reoperations. In this study, using a NAD(P)H-activated fluorescent probe, a multifunctional fluorescent indicator has been developed to selectively identify tumor cells from normal tissue and to achieve cancer grading identification. This rapid response probe, CyQ-1, features unprecedented sensitivity and rapid response toward NADH at low nanomolar levels under physiological conditions. Moreover, this indicator allows both colorimetric and fluorescent NADH detection in HeLa, A549, MDA-MB-231, 4T1, MCF-7, HePG2, HUVEC, and HL-7702 cells. Expanding the use of this indicator to advanced tissue models, its ability to visualize NADH in 120 paraffin-embedded colorectal sections and 20 cases of intraoperative frozen sections of lung cancer was further verified. CyQ-1-based cancer grading identification shows an overall 92.5 and 100% agreement with the "gold standard test" of histologic grading toward paraffin and frozen sections, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for discriminating poorly, moderately, and well-differentiated tumor sections were all above 90%. In a word, the rapid and accurate NADH detection ability for clinical sections makes this proposed indicator a potential candidate for clinical IOPD quantification and tumor differentiation grade recognition., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2023 The Authors. Co-published by Nanjing University and American Chemical Society.)

Bacterial meningitis after percutaneous radiofrequency trigeminal ganglion is a rare but severe complication. In this article, we report a case of meningitis due to Streptococcus parasanguinis and review the related literature. A 62-year-old male patient with uremia and severe trigeminal neuralgia presented to another hospital and was offered to undergo radiofrequency treatment for a trigeminal ganglion lesion (2022.08.05). The next day (2022.08.06), he presented with a headache and right shoulder and back pain. The pain continued to worsen, so he came to our hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College) and received a diagnosis of bacterial meningitis, which was confirmed by a lumbar puncture. The patient was treated with appropriate antibiotics, and subsequently recovered before being discharged. Although this complication is relatively rare, its progression is rapid. Meningitis must be suspected when a patient presents with headache, fever, and other symptoms associated with meningitis within days after undergoing radiofrequency treatment for a trigeminal ganglion lesion, especially if the patient has an underlying disease that causes a decline in immunity. We discuss this case in terms of clinical presentation, time of onset, treatment, prognosis, past history, and sex. Although early detection of this complication is beneficial, it is better to effectively prevent its occurrence.

Macrocyclic peptides are promising scaffolds of bioactive compounds and clinical therapeutics. Herein, we develop a strategy for the macrocyclization of biaryl-bridged peptides through late-stage Pd-catalyzed C(sp 2 )-H arylation. This method displays broad substrate scope and high efficiency in the synthesis of peptide conjugates with various bioactive molecules. Furthermore, we applied this method to prepare peptide macrocycles with aryl-aryl cross-links. Our results show the effectiveness of backbone amide groups as directing groups in Pd-catalyzed C-H functionalization of peptides.

Bioactive peptides are emerging as promising candidates of clinic therapeutics. Here, we report a method for late-stage functionalization of sulfonamide-containing peptides through Pd-catalyzed C(sp 3 )-H arylation. In this protocol, the backbones of N -sulfonated peptides act as directing groups, which allows site-specific arylation of benzylsulfonamide moiety. This chemistry exhibits broad substrate scope and can be utilized to synthesize peptide-peptide and peptide-amino acid conjugates. Our results highlight the potency of the backbone of peptidomimetics in promoting Pd-catalyzed functionalization.

According to the Friedel-Crafts and amination reaction, a series of macroporous adsorption resins (MARs) with novel structures were synthesized and identified by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and corresponding adsorption behaviors for (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and caffeine (CAF) extracted from waste tea were systemically investigated. Based on evaluation of adsorption kinetics, the kinetic data were well fitted by pseudo-second-order kinetics. Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin-Pyzhev, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms were selected to illustrate the adsorption process of EGCG and CAF on the MARs. Thermodynamic parameters were adopted to explain in-depth information of inherent energetic changes associated with the adsorption process. The effect of temperature on EGCG and CAF adsorption by D101-3 was further expounded. Van der Waals force, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interaction were the main driving forces for the adsorption of EGCG and CAF on the MARs. This study might provide a scientific reference point to aid the industrial large-scale separation and enrichment of EGCG from the extracts of waste tea using modified MARs.

Preparative separation and purification of rebaudioside A from steviol glycosides using mixed-mode macroporous adsorption resins (MARs) were systematically investigated. Mixed-mode MARs were prepared by a physical blending method. By evaluation of the adsorption/desorption ratio and adsorption/desorption capacity of mixed-mode MARs with different proportions toward RA and ST, the mixed-mode MAR 18 was chosen as the optimum strategy. On the basis of the static tests, it was found that the experimental data fitted best to the pseudosecond-order kinetics and Temkin-Pyzhev isotherm. Furthermore, the dynamic adsorption/desorption experiments were performed on the mini column packed with mixed-mode MAR 18. After one run treatment, the purity of rebaudioside A in purified product increased from 40.77 to 60.53%, with a yield rate of 38.73% (W/W), and that in residual product decreased from 40.77 to 36.17%, with a recovery yield of 57.61% (W/W). The total recovery yield reached 96.34% (W/W). The results showed that this method could be utilized in large-scale production of rebaudioside A from steviol glycosides in industry.