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Abstract A meta-analysis including all relevant randomized controlled trials was conducted to compare soft bandage, splint and cast as the treatment of torus fracture. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched in January 2023. Two comparisons were made: (1) splint versus cast, and (2) bandage versus rigid immobilization (i.e. splint or cast). Main outcomes were pain, clinical healing of the fracture and return to activities. Secondary outcomes were adverse events (skin issues, problems with cast/splint/bandage) and patient/parental satisfaction. Seven studies with 1550 patients were included. Splint was associated with higher pain scores at 3 days compared to cast (Mean difference [MD] 1.00, CI 0.06–1.94) and at 1 week (MD 1.46, CI 0.84–2.08, moderate-certainty evidence), but faster return to activities (at 3 weeks RR 1.77, CI 1.09–2.88, at 4 weeks RR 1.44, CI 1.11–1.82, moderate-certainty evidence). All torus fractures heal clinically within 3–4 weeks (low-certainty evidence). Bandage may lead to slightly higher pain score (MD 0.35, CI 0.04–0.66, moderate-certainty evidence) at first day after treatment compared to rigid immobilization, but no evidence of a difference was found in later time points. In conclusion, soft bandage or removable wrist splint seem to be optimal first-line treatment of distal forearm torus fracture.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an escalating global health threat, often driven by the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of resistance genes. Detecting AMR genes and understanding their genomic context within bacterial populations is crucial for mitigating the spread of resistance. In this study, we evaluate the performance of three sequence alignment tools—Bandage, SPAligner, and GraphAligner—in identifying AMR gene sequences from assembly and de Bruijn graphs, which are commonly used in microbial genome assembly. Efficiently identifying these genes allows for the detection of neighboring genetic elements and possible HGT events, contributing to a deeper understanding of AMR dissemination. We compare the performance of the tools both qualitatively and quantitatively, analyzing the precision, computational efficiency, and accuracy in detecting AMR-related sequences. Our analysis reveals that Bandage offers the most precise and efficient identification of AMR gene sequences, followed by GraphAligner and SPAligner. The comparison includes evaluating the similarity of paths returned by each tool and measuring output accuracy using a modified edit distance metric. These results highlight Bandage's potential for contributing to the accurate identification and study of AMR genes in bacterial populations, offering important insights into resistance mechanisms and potential targets for mitigating AMR spread. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A meta-analysis including all relevant randomized controlled trials was conducted to compare soft bandage, splint and cast as the treatment of torus fracture. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched in January 2023. Two comparisons were made: (1) splint versus cast, and (2) bandage versus rigid immobilization (i.e. splint or cast). Main outcomes were pain, clinical healing of the fracture and return to activities. Secondary outcomes were adverse events (skin issues, problems with cast/splint/bandage) and patient/parental satisfaction. Seven studies with 1550 patients were included. Splint was associated with higher pain scores at 3 days compared to cast (Mean difference [MD] 1.00, CI 0.06–1.94) and at 1 week (MD 1.46, CI 0.84–2.08, moderate-certainty evidence), but faster return to activities (at 3 weeks RR 1.77, CI 1.09–2.88, at 4 weeks RR 1.44, CI 1.11–1.82, moderate-certainty evidence). All torus fractures heal clinically within 3–4 weeks (low-certainty evidence). Bandage may lead to slightly higher pain score (MD 0.35, CI 0.04–0.66, moderate-certainty evidence) at first day after treatment compared to rigid immobilization, but no evidence of a difference was found in later time points. In conclusion, soft bandage or removable wrist splint seem to be optimal first-line treatment of distal forearm torus fracture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanofibrous materials represent a very promising form of advanced carrier systems that can be used industrially, especially in regenerative medicine as highly functional bandages, or advanced wound dressings. By incorporation of antimicrobial additives directly into the structure of the nanofiber carrier, the functionality of the layer is upgraded, depending on the final requirement—bactericidal, bacteriostatic, antiseptic, or a generally antimicrobial effect. Such highly functional nanofibrous layers can be prepared mostly by electrospinning technology from both synthetic and natural polymers. The presence of a natural polymer in the composition is very advantageous. Especially in medical applications where, due to the presence of the material close to the human body, the healing process is more efficient and without the occurrence of an unwanted inflammatory response. However, converting natural polymers into nanofibrous form, with a homogeneously distributed and stable additive, is a great challenge. Thus, a combination of natural and synthetic materials is often used. This review clearly summarizes the issue of the incorporation and effectiveness of different types of antimicrobial substances, such as nanoparticles, antibiotics, common antiseptics, or substances of natural origin, into electrospun nanofibrous layers made of mostly natural polymer materials. A section describing the problematic aspects of antimicrobial polymers is also included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This meta‐analysis assessed the effect of pneumatic compression therapy on the wound healing of venous ulcers, with the aim of providing a basis for the selection of clinical treatment. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on the application of pneumatic compression therapy to venous ulcers were collected by searching PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, and Wanfang databases, with a timeframe from database inception to August 2023. After two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted information, and evaluated the quality of the included studies, a meta‐analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. Six RCTs with 367 patients were included, with 172 patients in the intervention group and 195 in the control group. The results showed that pneumatic and bandage compression therapies had a similar impact on wound healing rates of venous ulcers (54.65% vs. 53.84%, odds ratio [OR]: 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.49–2.12, p = 0.96), changes in wound area (standardised mean difference: −0.16, 95% CIs: −0.45 to 0.12, p = 0.26), adverse event rates (76.56% vs. 67.07%, OR: 1.62, 95% CI: 0.77–3.39, p = 0.20), and the differences were not statistically significant. Thus, current evidence suggests that the effects of pneumatic compression therapy on wound healing rates, changes in wound area, and the incidence of adverse events in patients with venous ulcers are similar to those of bandage pressure therapy. However, owing to the limitations in the number and quality of studies, more high‐quality RCTs are needed to clarify the feasibility and economics of pneumatic compression therapy in patients with venous ulcers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an escalating global health threat, often driven by the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of resistance genes. Detecting AMR genes and understanding their genomic context within bacterial populations is crucial for mitigating the spread of resistance. In this study, we evaluate the performance of three sequence alignment tools—Bandage, SPAligner, and GraphAligner—in identifying AMR gene sequences from assembly and de Bruijn graphs, which are commonly used in microbial genome assembly. Efficiently identifying these genes allows for the detection of neighboring genetic elements and possible HGT events, contributing to a deeper understanding of AMR dissemination. We compare the performance of the tools both qualitatively and quantitatively, analyzing the precision, computational efficiency, and accuracy in detecting AMR-related sequences. Our analysis reveals that Bandage offers the most precise and efficient identification of AMR gene sequences, followed by GraphAligner and SPAligner. The comparison includes evaluating the similarity of paths returned by each tool and measuring output accuracy using a modified edit distance metric. These results highlight Bandage’s potential for contributing to the accurate identification and study of AMR genes in bacterial populations, offering important insights into resistance mechanisms and potential targets for mitigating AMR spread.

Background: Bandages are commonly used to relieve pain in patients with plantar fasciitis. The goal was to compare the effects of using kinesiotape versus low-dye tape in the acute phase of plantar fasciitis on pain and comfort measures. Methods: Forty individuals with plantar fasciitis were allocated to the kinesiotape or low-dye tape interventions. The patients were assessed at baseline and every 24 h until the fifth day. The primary measure was a visual analog scale of pain. The other measures were comfort, mobility, durability, personal hygiene, sweating, and allergies. The effects were compared with an ANOVA test, 95% CI. Results: Kinesiotape was more effective in reducing pain; the greater effect occurred during the first day, with a between-group difference of 2.0 (95% CI: 1.8 to 2.2). The pain differences between the treatments progressively reduced each day from the second day. Kinesiotape offered significantly higher performance than low-dye tape in mobility, comfort, and comfort in hygiene, sweating, and durability, with a large effect size d > 0.8. Conclusions: Kinesiotape could be more effective than low-dye tape in relieving pain in patients with plantar fasciitis, with a significant clinical impact on the first day of treatment. Kinesiotape can also provide higher performance in terms of comfort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hirai et al. have developed a tool to assess the in vitro pressures of different compression devices. This tool has the advantage of being easy to use and finally inexpensive. The study of 7 bandages (Biflex 16, Urgo K2, Urgo K1, Coban 2, Biflex kit, Rosidal K and Rosidal Sys) on a Hirai leg allowed a precise analysis of the evolution of pressures and stiffnesses. Interface pressures were measured using the Picopress system and a 5 cm diameter probe. The difference between pre-stretch and stretch pressures in mmHg characterized stiffness. If the difference is greater than 10 mmHg, the bandage is considered stiff. These bandages were applied with a pressure of 45±2 mmHg at point B1. One hundred extension maneuvers were then performed. A decrease in mean pre-stretch pressures was noted more frequently for Rosidal K, Urgo K1 and Coban 2 than for the other bandages. Biflex 16 has a stiffness of less than 10 mmHg (p

Aims Burns and wounds caused by it are a global injury. Finding natural ingredients to accelerate wound healing in patients with fewer side effects could be valuable. This study aimed to determine the effect of oral Centella asiatica extract on the healing of pain and wound of burn in patients. Materials & Methods This study is a clinical trial in which 76 patients hospitalized in the burn department were randomly divided into two intervention (n=38) and control (n=38) groups. The intervention group, in addition to the usual antibiotic treatments, received capsules containing 200mg of Centella asiatica twice daily, and the control group received capsules containing 200mg of starch twice daily. Data collection tools were Bates-Jensen Wound Assessment tool and Visual Analog Scale. Patients' pain and wound healing status were examined at different time of the study. Findings The mean burn pain score showed a significant improvement in the intervention group compared to the control group (p<0.001). The average wound healing score did not show significant improvement in the intervention group compared to the control group (p=0.561). However, size (p=0.023), the degree of destruction of the underlying tissues (p=0.032), the amount of necrotic tissue (p=0.015), and the amount of granulation tissue (p=0.001) improved significantly in the intervention group. In addition, the peripheral tissue edema in the control group decrease significantly compared to the intervention group (p=0.008). Conclusion Oral extract of Centella asiatica reduces pain in burn patients. However, it does not affect wound healing, although it improves some wound healing indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Studies conducted in the field of non-pharmacological interventions to control acute and delayed nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy have reported contradictory results. The present study aimed to compare the effect of ice massage and C-band on acute and delayed nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy in cancer patients. Materials & Methods In the present clinical trial study, 105 patients referred to the chemotherapy department of Shahid Rajaei Hospital, Yasuj, Iran in 2018, were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to three groups: Ice massage, C-band, and control. Acute nausea and vomiting was assessed through the Morrow Assessment of Nausea and Emesis, and delayed nausea and vomiting were assessed using the MASCC tool at 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours after chemotherapy, before and after the interventions. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software. Findings Before intervention, there was no significant difference in terms of the presence/ absence, as well as the intensity of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting in the three groups at 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours after chemotherapy (p>0.05). Also, after the interventions, there was no significant difference in the presence/absence and intensity of acute and delayed nausea in the patients in the ice massage, C-band, and control groups at 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours after chemotherapy (p>0.05). Conclusion Ice massage and C-bandage do not improve nausea and vomiting in chemotherapy patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to create a nanofiber-based skin graft with an antimicrobial bandage that could accelerate the healing of an open wound while minimizing infection. To this end, we prepared a bi-layer construct where the top layer acts as bandage, and the bottom layer acts as a dermal equivalent graft. A collagen (CG) gel was combined without and with an electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) membrane to prepare CG and CG-PCL dermal equivalent constructs. The antibacterial properties of PCL with and without an antibacterial agent (MgO nanoparticles) against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) was also examined. Human dermal fibroblasts were cultured in each construct to make the dermal equivalent grafts. After culturing, keratinocytes were plated on top of the tissues to allow growth of an epidermis. Rheological and durability tests were conducted on in vitro dermal and skin equivalent cultures, and we found that PCL significantly affects CG-PCL graft biological and mechanical strength (rheology and durability). PCL presence in the dermal equivalent allowed sufficient tension generation to activate fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in the presence of transforming growth factor-beta. During culture of the skin equivalents, optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed layers corresponding to dermal and epidermal compartments in the presence or absence of PCL; this was confirmed after fixed specimens were histologically sectioned and stained. MgO added to PCL showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus. In vivo animal studies using a rat skin model showed that a polycaprolactone nanofiber bandage containing a type I collagen skin graft has potential for wound healing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Congenital malformations in newborn dogs are still largely poorly understood and are inadequately treated, which leads to high mortality rates in these patients. This report describes the clinical signs, diagnosis and two types of management for the treatment of pectus excavatum in puppies, a malformation of the chest wall that can lead to progressive cardiorespiratory changes and progression to death. This case study assists veterinarians in the clinical approach of pectus excavatum to perform adequate medical conduct and ensure greater neonatal survival. Pectus excavatum is a deformity of the thorax characterized by ventrodorsal narrowing of the sternum bone and costal cartilages, which can lead to compression and cardiopulmonary alterations in dogs, presenting a high prevalence in brachycephalic breeds. The aim of this report was to describe two types of management for the noninvasive treatment of pectus excavatum in newborn puppies of the breeds French Bulldog and American Bully. The puppies presented dyspnea, cyanosis and substernal retraction during inspiration. The diagnosis was performed by physical examination and confirmed by chest X-ray. Two types of splints were performed (a circular splint with plastic pipe and a paper box splint on the chest), aiming at thoracic lateral compression and frontal chest remodeling. The management was effective for the conservative treatment of mild-grade pectus excavatum, resulting in the repositioning of the thorax and improvement of the respiratory pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic wounds present considerable challenges which delay their effective healing. Currently, there are several biomaterial-based wound dressings available for healing diverse wound types. However, most of commercial wound dressings are too expensive to be affordable to the patients belonging to the middle and lower socioeconomic strata of the society. Thus, in this investigation affordable triple layered nanofibrous bandages were fabricated using the layer-by-layer approach. Here, the topmost layer comprised of a hydrophilic poly vinyl alcohol layer, cross-linked with citric acid. The middle layer comprising of cellulose acetate was loaded with silver nanoparticles as an antibacterial agent, while the lowermost layer was fabricated using hydrophobic polycaprolactone. The triple-layered nanofibrous bandages having a nano-topography, exhibited a smooth, uniform and bead-free morphology, with the nanofiber diameter ranging between 200 and 300 nm. The nanofibers demonstrated excellent wettability, slow in vitro degradation, controlled release of nano‑silver and potent antibacterial activity against Gram-negative (E.coli) and Gram-positive (S. aureus) bacteria. The fabricated bandages had excellent mechanical strength upto 12.72 ± 0.790 M. Pa, which was suitable for biomedical and tissue engineering applications. The bandage demonstrated excellent in vitro hemocompatibility and biocompatibility. In vivo excisional wound contraction, along with H and E and Masson's Trichrome staining further confirmed the potential of the nanofibrous bandage for full-thickness wound healing. Pre-clinical investigations thus indicated the possibility of further evaluating the triple-layered nanofibrous dressing in clinical settings. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bandages are a group of medical textiles that are available in various types for use in different applications such as wound dressing, compression therapy, treatment of burns, cramps, and sprains. In the present research, the structural and tensile characteristics of various medical bandages produced by different companies have been compared. According to the results, different bandages commercially sold under the same category demonstrate quite varied tensile properties, depending on their structure and constructional parameters. Consequently, compression bandages of the same type produced under different trade names would exert various amount of pressure to the body under constant stretch. In other word, various amount of stretch must be applied to different compression bandages to achieve and maintain the required pressure. Hence, to obtain better treatment outcomes, it is essential to provide the required information about the features of each medical bandage for the consumers. Furthermore, it was observed that the knitted compression bandages due to their higher stiffness (elastic modulus) provide higher pressure under minimum stretch in comparison with woven samples. Moreover, incorporation of higher number of stretch yarns to the bandage structure as well as using tighter structure increases the stiffness of the bandage, and in turn enhances the power of the bandage to cling on the limb for a longer period of time, in case of compression bandages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wound healing is a complex biological phenomenon, having different but overlapping stages to obtained complete re-epithelization. The aim of the current study was to develop a dendrimer-based hydrogel bandage, to ameliorate full-thickness wounds. Hesperidin, a bioflavonoid found in vegetables and citrus fruits, is used for treatment of wounds; however, its therapeutic use is limited, due to poor water solubility and poor bioavailability. This issue was overcome by incorporating hesperidin in the inner core of a dendrimer. Hence, a dendrimer-based hydrogel bandage was prepared, and the wound healing activity was determined. A hemolysis study indicated that the hesperidin-loaded dendrimer was biocompatible and can be used for wound healing. The therapeutic efficacy of the prepared formulation was evaluated on a full-thickness wound, using an animal model. H&E staining of the control group showed degenerated neutrophils and eosinophils, while 10% of the formulation showed wound closure, formation of the epidermal layer, and remodeling. The MT staining of the 10% formulation showed better collagen synthesis compared to the control group. In vivo results showed that the preparation had better wound contraction activity compared to the control group; after 14 days, the control group had 79 ± 1.41, while the 10% of formulation had 98.9 ± 0.42. In a nutshell, Hsp-P-Hyd 10% showed the best overall performance in amelioration of full-thickness wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Low back pain (LBP) is the most common musculoskeletal disorder work-related health problem in Europe, affecting millions of workers. It is estimated that 60–80% of the population will suffer at least one episode of mechanical LBP during their life. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the kinesiotape (KT) effectiveness in mechanical LBP. METHODS: This was a double blinded, randomized-controlled clinical trial. Twenty-eight nursing and cleaning auxiliaries from Salamanca received a manual therapy program and a bandage of KT or false kinesiotape (FKT). They received two sessions a week for three weeks and a follow-up one month after the last session. Pain, range of motion and function were measured at baseline, at the end of each session and a month after the last session. RESULTS: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders and LBP are responsible for a high prevalence of sick-leave and absenteeism. Manual therapy and KT has demonstrated to reduce pain and to increase range of motion and function being effective in this population. There are statistically significant results in both groups in all measurements for all variables. KT seems to be superior, however, both have a positive effect on LBP. Although benefits decrease, long-term treatments focusing on pain alleviation and functional recovery is needed to maintain the benefits achieved. CONCLUSION: KT was an effective complement for this treatment. Although both show improvements, KT is recommended. Future studies are needed to demonstrate KT properties, to establish a treatment protocol to prevent chronic LBP and to avoid sick leave and absenteeism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study conducted to understand the limitations of existing wound-dressing systems. A case study on healing performance of different types of commercially available wound dressings was conducted at Madras Medical College and Government General Hospital (MMC&GH), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (Ethical Clearance No. 3250/ME5/2010). The study indicated that the single-layer dressing would not satisfy most of the requirements of an ideal wound-dressing system, and hence there is the need for developing a multilayer wound-dressing system with each layer satisfying different requirements of an ideal wound-dressing system.

Metacarpal fractures are frequently encountered in calves, especially as a result of dystocia. This study, it was aimed to evaluate metacarpus fractures in calves from multiple aspects, especially the fracture's causes, location and classification, and to determine the most appropriate treatment option. Seventy two calves diagnosed with a metacarpus fracture, aged between 1 and 15 days, regardless of gender or breed, were included in the study. Calves were classified according to fracture type and treatment method. In the treatment, external fixation with Steinman pins and polyvinylchloride-fiberglass plaster supported closed or windowed bandage methods were preferred. According to the findings of the radiological examination, the fractures were determined to be distal diaphyseal in 40 (55%) cases, epiphyseal in 20 (27%) cases, and middle diaphyseal in 12 (18%) cases. It was discovered that 46 of 51 cases with closed fractures and bandages healed without complications, while 5 patients died due to comorbidities (calf diarrhea, aspiration pneumonia). Five of seven patients who had external fixation using Steinmann pins recovered without complications, meanwhile 2 patients succumbed to infection. Full recovery was observed in 12 of 14 patients who underwent window bandage, and it was discovered that 2 patients died due to secondary infection. As a result, substantial data that will contribute to clinical practice and literature knowledge regarding the causes, location, classification and treatment of metacarpal fractures, which are commonly encountered in calves and cause both economic and productivity loss, have been uncovered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Postural control is a complex ability, also controlled by the somatosensory connection of the neck muscles with the vestibular nuclei. This circuit seems to be interested in maintaining head stabilization during movements. The sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle is the dominant source of the vestibular afferents as confirmed by neurophysiological acquisition. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether the application of kinesio-tape on the SCM muscle can induce a perturbation of the standing postural control by altering the somatosensory system of the neck muscles. Methods: Thirteen healthy participants (age: 24.46 ± 3.04 yrs; 9 female) were enrolled, and the four kinesio-tape (KT) conditions were performed in a random order: without KT application (Ctrl); right KT application (R-SCM); left KT application (L-SCM); and bilateral KT application (B-SCM). All conditions were performed three times with open eyes and closed eyes. Results: There was a significant increase in the length of the centre of pressure (CoP), in the maximal oscillation, and in the anteroposterior root mean square between the three tape application conditions with respect to the Ctrl condition with open eyes. The same parameters were statistically different when the participants were blindfolded in the B-SCM condition with respect to the Ctrl condition. A statistical decrease in the difference in weight distribution between the two feet was observed in the B-SCM group with respect to the Ctrl group in both open and closed eyes conditions. Conclusions: Our results suggest that KT on the SCM muscles may involve some space-time parameters of postural control. Bilateral KT improved the weight distribution between the feet but showed a parallel increase in anteroposterior oscillations and in the length of the CoP with respect to the Ctrl condition. The perturbation seems to be greater in the somatosensory system when it is working coupled with visual afferences during an upright position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to develop far-infrared functional bandage products with excellent performance, tourmaline powder was selected as the far-infrared radiation material and the far-infrared functional finishing of polyester fabric was carried out by the dip-rolling process. Taking the radiation temperature rise value as the index to explore the optimal process conditions for the far-infrared performance, then the microstructure, mechanical properties, comfort performance, and far-infrared radiation performance of the far-infrared bandage were further investigated, respectively. Based on the results, the optimum process conditions for heating bandage have been proposed (tourmaline powder mass fraction, 5%; polyacrylate mass fraction, 25%; impregnation temperature, 40°; impregnation time, 15 min, baking temperature, 140° and baking time, 1 min). After being treated, the mechanical properties of the bandage enhanced, the air permeability decreased, and the moisture permeability increased significantly, indicating its comfort and is suitable for practical application. It was measured that the far-infrared ray emission value of the far-infrared functional bandage was 0.89, which was greater than the 0.80 required by CAS 115-2005 "Health Functional Textiles" standard, proving that the attachment of tourmaline made the far-infrared radiation performance of the bandage significantly improved. These attractive features of the far-infrared functional bandages promise them great potential in far-infrared health care applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many surgical techniques, as well as dressing models, were identified in the treatment of hypospadias. There are many publications in the literature that are the result of the effort to find the ideal dressing after hypospadias surgery. The dressing has some benefits; however, it has some adverse effects. The present study aimed to discuss outcomes of the patients who have been operated through the tubularized incised plate urethroplasty (TIPU) method and followed with and without dressing postoperatively. Methods: Patients operated on through the TIPU method between March 2015 and August 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups, dressing and undressing. Preoperative hypospadias severity was evaluated according to the Glans-Urethral Meatus-Shaft (GMS) scoring method. The care results of the patients were recorded. Postoperative outcomes were compared according to the Hypospadias Objective Scoring Evaluation (HOSE) scale, and statistical analyses were conducted. The results of both groups were compared statistically. Results: One hundred and nineteen patients were divided into two groups: dressing (n = 56) and nondressing (n = 63). The patients' average age was 3.54 ± 2.97 years in group 1 and 3.50 ± 3.01 years in group 2 (p = 0.940). There was not any statistically significant difference between the two groups for demographic data. Minimal bleeding had stopped in three patients in the nondressing group spontaneously before discharging. No severe edema or hematoma, which might have concerned the parents, appeared. Two (3.5%) and 3 (4.7%) patients underwent a maximum of three urethral dilation sessions in dressing and nondressing groups, respectively (p = 0.556). We found no significant difference between groups in the comparison of preoperative GMS and postoperative HOSE scoring. Discussion: The most important limitation of the study is that it is retrospective. Pre- and postoperative scoring systems are objective. The data obtained in the literature show that surgeons prefer to apply dressings commonly after the TIPU technique. Advantages and disadvantages of dressing are mentioned in the literature. Even if the paradigm is dressing in hypospadias surgery, according to the results of our study, dressing may not affect the functional and cosmetic results of TIPU repair. Conclusion: Postoperative functional and cosmetic results of TIPU in hypospadias appear to be independent of dressing. However, the results must be supported by further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite progress in the prevention of pressure injuries (PIs), they remain a challenging public health problem because of their frequency and morbidity. Protection of the skin by multilayer silicone foam dressings may be an adjuvant measure to prevent PIs in high-risk patients. Despite the available clinical data and published recommendations on this measure, caregivers face difficulties in identifying patients who would benefit from this adjuvant measure. The objective of this work was to define the profiles of high-risk patients who would benefit optimally from this measure in combination with basic preventive procedures. This consensual expert opinion was drawn up using two methods: the Nominal Group Technique with eight medical and paramedical experts, and the Delphi process with 16 experts. The bases for this expert consensual opinion were a formal search and analysis of the published literature regarding evidence on the prevention of PIs using multilayer silicone foam dressings. The consensual expert opinion reported here addresses five proposals mostly intended to define patients who would benefit from the use of a multilayer silicone foam dressing (≥4 layers) to prevent PIs (sacrum and heels). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work explores the possibility of repairing damaged pressure piping systems using composite repair bandaging technology. Loctite technology from Henkel was selected from several existing methods and applied at the weld joint. To assess the performance of the bandage, a bore was made at the weld joint to simulate a replacement defect of the composite bandage. The bandage, along with the welded joints, was subjected to microstructural and macrostructural analysis, and mechanical and fire resistance tests were also performed. Based on the obtained results, it is concluded that the properties of the Loctite composite system are suitable for repairing pressure piping in the power industry. However, it is not always possible to use this repair method due to certain boundary conditions for its application, such as maximum pipe overpressure, the temperature of the internal medium and the environment, degradation of the repair system due to the medium being transferred and the environment, reduction of the pipe wall at the repair site, possible surface treatment before application of the system, etc. For these reasons, the repair system may be used for a temporary period (approved by the power plant operator), and the spot will then be repaired in the standard way by replacing parts of the pipeline during a planned equipment shutdown. • Possible extented service life of pipelines by bandaging. • Composite bandage application in energetic industry. • Bandage application on welded joints in pipelines to postpone the shutdown of the power plant. • Testing of composite bandages on pressurized pipeline during conditions simulating earthquake and against fire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trial design: In this blinded randomized study we analyzed patient reported outcome of three different treatments after nail surgery. We compared daily footbath with either alkaline or acidic soap or just a simple bandage of gauze dressing. Method: After partial nail ablation surgery, patients were randomized into three postoperative treatment modalities. Outcome in terms of reduction in pain, improvement of function, reduction of signs of infection and postoperative soothing effect were reported after one and two weeks. A generalized linear mixed model was used to analyze possible statistical differences between the groups. Results: 97 patients, 57% women, mean age 31 years, were included. Men reported significantly less pain and better function than women. Despite a registered lower growth of invasive pathogenic microbes following the use of acidic soaps, this did not lead to less infections than in the groups using either alkaline soap baths or bandaging. On the contrary, patients keeping the bandage on had significantly lower signs of infection after one week. Two patients using soap baths had growth of MRSA. Two weeks postoperatively, all three treatment alternatives had similar patient reported outcome in all parameters, and nobody needed antibiotics. Conclusions: This prospective randomized study was unable to prove that footbath with either acidic or alkaline soap should be preferred to just leave the postoperative bandage on for a week after partial nail ablation. We recommend that postoperative advice should be given on an individual basis, especially since our study did not involve patients with high risk of infections.

Objective Cerebral palsy (CP) is a non-progressive Neurodevelopmental disorder mainly treated using Single-event multilevel surgery (SEMLS). SEMLS contains using a casting method to immobilize the operated limb. However, in the present study, in addition to casting, the bandaging method was also applied. Bandaging is a newer method compared to casting. No study has used bandage for post-surgery immobilization. According to the best knowledge of the authors, no study has compared the outcome of bandage and cast for postoperative immobilization regarding the rehabilitation and quality of life (QoL) in the first and third months following the surgery, within the recovery period, which is associated with consequences like caring, hygiene, transferring, and mobility that affect the spirit and function of children. As a result, we decided to investigate the effect of these methods on the QoL of children the following surgery to treat CP. Materials & Methods Following an analytical cross-sectional design, 100 children (aged 4-12 years) were randomly divided into hemiplegic and diplegic CP. The Cerebral Palsy QoL questionnaire (CP QOL-Child) was filled by parents of the participants. Based on the type of administered immobilizer, 80 children were randomly divided into two groups (40 subjects in each group). All subjects were evaluated using a similar questionnaire in the first and third months after surgery. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney test and ANOVA test were used to compare the study groups. Results The mean ratio of QoL changes, based on the CP QoL-Child questionnaire, was significantly increased in the bandage group during the first month after surgery. However, for the cast group, this parameter was significantly decreased (P<0.001). In the third month after surgery, the mean ratio of QoL changes was significantly increased in both groups, but the difference in the mean ratio of QoL changes between the two methods wasn't significant (P=0.64). Conclusion In the first month after surgery, the bandaging method was more effective than the casting method, but in the third month, the outcomes were similar for both groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wound healing is a complex biological phenomenon, having different but overlapping stages to obtained complete re-epithelization. The aim of the current study was to develop a dendrimer-based hydrogel bandage, to ameliorate full-thickness wounds. Hesperidin, a bioflavonoid found in vegetables and citrus fruits, is used for treatment of wounds; however, its therapeutic use is limited, due to poor water solubility and poor bioavailability. This issue was overcome by incorporating hesperidin in the inner core of a dendrimer. Hence, a dendrimer-based hydrogel bandage was prepared, and the wound healing activity was determined. A hemolysis study indicated that the hesperidin-loaded dendrimer was biocompatible and can be used for wound healing. The therapeutic efficacy of the prepared formulation was evaluated on a full-thickness wound, using an animal model. H&E staining of the control group showed degenerated neutrophils and eosinophils, while 10% of the formulation showed wound closure, formation of the epidermal layer, and remodeling. The MT staining of the 10% formulation showed better collagen synthesis compared to the control group. In vivo results showed that the preparation had better wound contraction activity compared to the control group; after 14 days, the control group had 79 ± 1.41, while the 10% of formulation had 98.9 ± 0.42. In a nutshell, Hsp-P-Hyd 10% showed the best overall performance in amelioration of full-thickness wounds.

Objective: The aim of the current study was to compare pressures exerted on the lower limb by a high compression bandage as recorded by sub-bandage sensors and those estimated by Laplace's law. The correlation between pressures obtained in each anatomical zone and the corresponding limb perimeters were explored. Method: For the measurement of sub-bandage pressures, four anatomical zones in the lower right limb were determined. Pressures were recorded by nine pneumatic sensors and a PicoPress transducer. A two-layer compression bandage system (UrgoK2, Urgo Group, France) was used for the dressing. Pressures were registered in supine position. Sensor pressures were compared with those estimated by a modified Laplace's equation. Results: A total of 47 female volunteers were recruited (mean age: 21.9±2.3 years) to the study. In the four anatomical segments studied, pressures obtained by the sensors were lower than would be expected by applying Laplace's law (p<0.05). The biggest difference between the two methods was found at the supramalleolar level (42.1% lower by sensors compared with Laplace's equation). The correlation coefficient between pressure recorded by the sensors and that calculated at the perimeters was very weak, ranging from 0.5233 to 0.9634. Conclusion: Laplace's law, used to predict the sub-bandage pressure after applying a compressive bandage in the lower limb, was not useful, providing significantly higher pressures than those obtained by pneumatic sensors. Laplace's law underestimates the variable musculoskeletal components at the different segments of lower limb that act as compression damping forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Swimmer puppy syndrome is an unusual anomaly that affects dogs within the first few days or months of life. This syndrome is characterised by the inability of the animal to maintain a quadrupedal position primarily using the pelvic limbs. In some cases, the condition may also affect the thoracic limbs. Although the exact pathophysiology of this condition remains uncertain, plausible causes include alterations in the neuromuscular synapse, improper myelination or poor development of peripheral motor neurons, delayed muscle development or ventral horn neuropathy. Here, we describe our results using a modified technique for the treatment of swimmer puppy syndrome, based on immobilisation for a period of one to four weeks with the aid of microporous hypoallergenic tapes, plasters and elastic meshes. Our modified method showed clear evidence of improvements.

Objective: To investigate whether Kinesio taping technique, applied to ankles of healthy people as a preventive intervention and people with ankle injuries, is superior to sham or alternative interventions on ankle function. Data Sources: Medline, Embase, Amed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Library and Web of Science, from inception to August 2020. Review methods: The terms "ankle" and "kinesio taping" were used in the search strategy. Included studies were randomized controlled trials (including crossover design) investigating Kinesio taping effects on ankle functional performance compared to any alternative or control/sham technique. Results: From 5,572 studies, 84 met the eligibility criteria which evaluated 2,684 people. Fifty-eight meta-analyses from 44 studies were performed (participants in meta-analyses ranging from 27 to 179). Fifty-one meta-analyses reported ineffectiveness of Kinesio taping: moderate evidence for star excursion balance test (anterior direction), jump distance, dorsiflexion range of motion, and plantar flexion torque for healthy people (effect size = 0.08–0.13); low to very-low evidence for balance, jump performance, range of motion, proprioception, muscle capacity and EMG for healthy people; balance for older people; and balance and jump performance for people with chronic instability. Seven meta-analyses reported results favoring Kinesio taping (effect size[95% CI]): low to very-low evidence for balance (stabilometry, ranging from 0.42[0.07–0.77] to 0.65[0.29–1.02]) and ankle inversion (0.84[0.28–1.40]) for healthy people; balance for older people (COP velocity, 0.90[0.01–1.78]); and balance for people with chronic instability (errors, 0.55[0.06–1.04]). Conclusions: Current evidence does not support or encourage the use of Kinesio taping applied to the ankle for improvements in functional performance, regardless the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Some therapeutic methods for treating non-displaced extra-articular fracture (NDEA) of distal radius are sometimes met with controversy in their selection. We explored and compared two such methods -- bandaging and casting -- for this study. Methods: This prospective randomized clinical trial was conducted during 2015 on patients (n = 62) with an NDEA fracture of the distal radius. Patients were randomly assigned to either the casting (n = 32) or bandage (n = 30) group to receive the respective fracture-repair procedure. Follow-up contact was made during the first, second, third, and sixth weeks after treatment. The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) Questionnaire was completed and the visual analog scale (VAS) for measuring pain was assessed. All patients underwent an X-ray radiographic assessment to evaluate any potential complications. Results: At the end of the study, 30 patients in the bandage group and 32 in the casting group finished the study. Statistical analyses indicated the bandage group exhibited a significantly higher mean DASH score than the casting group during the first week. This higher mean score decreased enough during the second week that, by the third week, the casting group scored higher. During the sixth and final week of study, the two groups showed no significant difference in DASH value. No significant differences between the two groups was evident in the VAS scores obtained during all follow-up assessments. Patients in the bandage group were able to return to work sooner than those in the casting group; their cost of treatment was lower, too. Conclusion: Bandage is the more appropriate treatment option for NDEA fractures of distal radius. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Data in the literature are limited concerning the impact of different time scheduling, in regards to dressing change frequency, on infectious complications at the surgical site attributable to the dressing procedure itself. Methods: A pilot, randomized trial was conducted to assess the safety of two different dressing removal protocols performed after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction for deficiency. Patients assigned to "standard" protocol underwent a dressing change on postoperative day 2, 4 and 6. Those assigned to the "revised" protocol underwent a change just on day 6. All patients' surgical site skin was cultured at baseline and on postoperative day 6 immediately after dressing removal. Results: Forty patients were assigned to the "standard" protocol and forty to the "revised" one. The percentage of culture positive subjects was 2.5% (1/40) in the "standard" protocol group compared to 0% in the "revised" one. No significant differences were found in the number of positive culture subjects between methods. Conclusion: Changing dressing frequently doesn't seem to provide any additional benefit to the patients, while retaining it doesn't lead to any increased risk of infection. Moreover, the patient's inconvenience and increased related cost caused by frequent dressing change suggest that the dressing should be retained for at least 6 days postoperatively. Level of evidence: 2b. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A third of all fractures in childhood occur at the wrist level due to falling on an open hand. Torus fractures without separation in the cortex in which integrity is not disturbed result from thick periost and bone elasticity in children. Several studies have shown that in torus fractures, plaster immobilization and long-term follow-up are not necessary. This study aims to draw attention to unnecessary long-term immobilization, labor loss, and radiation exposure in distal radius torus fractures. It was found that patients admitted to the emergency room, between January 2019 and April 2020, with upper extremity trauma had torus fractures overlooked by retrospective x-ray examinations. Age, gender, the affected side, pain, function, and complications of patients with distal radius torus fractures were recorded by phone or face-to-face interviews. Of the 111 patients in the study, 20 (18.0%) stated that they re-admitted to the hospital due to pain and 6 (5.4%) due to joint mobility limitations. It was observed that all of the patients who were re-admitted to the hospital were evaluated by repetition of x-ray examinations, and a long arm splint was applied to all of them. It was understood that none of the remaining 85 patients were admitted to the hospital again for this reason, and none of them completed this healing process without using plaster-splint without limiting their functionality. None of the patients had pain and loss of function big enough to affect their daily activities. None of the 111 patients who were able to come for re-examination had joint movement loss, elastic deformation, and cosmetic defects. No patient was asked to have an x-ray again because it would be unnecessary. Long-term immobilization, circular plaster application, and serial x-ray controls constitute unnecessary loss of labor and patient exposure in distal radius torus fractures. Treatment of distal radius torus fractures that do not have a heavy load exposure, such as lower extremity, should be done with elastic bandages with short-term follow-up and by addressing the concerns of the patient's family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bandages for daily wounds are the most common medical supplies, but there are still ingrained defects in their appearance, comfort, functions, as well as environmental pollution. Here, novel bandages based on bacterial cellulose (BC) membrane for wound monitoring and advanced wound management are developed. The BC membrane is combined with silver nanowires (AgNWs) by using vacuum filtration method to achieve transparent, ultrathin (≈7 µm), breathable (389.98-547.79 g m -2  d -1 ), and sandwich-structured BC/AgNWs bandages with superior mechanical properties (108.45-202.35 MPa), antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, biocompatibility, and conductivity (9.8 × 10 3 -2.0 × 10 5  S m -1 ). Significantly, the BC/AgNWs bandage is used in the electrical stimulation (direct current, 600  microamperes for 1 h every other day) treatment of full-thickness skin defect in rats, which obviously promotes wound healing by increasing the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The BC bandage is used for monitoring wounds and achieve a high accuracy of 94.7% in classifying wound healing stages of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling, by using a convolutional neural network. The outcomes of this study not only provide two BC-based bandages as multifunctional wound management, but also demonstrate a new strategy for the development of the next generation of smart bandage., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate potential benefits of use of an abdominal binder after cesarean birth. Study Design and Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted at a Magnetdesignated, academic medical center in the southwest United States. English- and Spanish-speaking adult women scheduled for an elective cesarean birth were randomized to the intervention or control group. Outcomes were measured for the first 48 hours postoperatively, including pain, medication use, and self-reported symptom distress. Results: Randomization resulted in balanced groups. Women who used the abdominal binder after cesarean birth reported a decrease in pain after ambulation, whereas women in the control group reported an increase in pain after ambulation (p < .001). Women in the binder group reported less distress on the Breathe and Cough items of the Symptom Distress Scale than those in the control group. On postoperative day 2, women in the binder group used more ibuprofen (p = .002) and acetaminophen (p = .027) than the control group. Clinical Implications: Use of an abdominal binder by women after cesarean birth can decrease pain, potentially enhancing speed of postoperative recovery. As a nursing intervention, abdominal binders may offer women a safe nonpharmacologic option to provide postoperative comfort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To extrapolate and discuss the scientific data on compression in lymphedema treatment, so to review old and innovative concepts about pressure, stiffness and other interplaying factors related to its efficacy and comfort. Material and methods: Narrative review based on search in Medline/Google Scholar through key-words related to compression in lymphedema. Results: Currently available literature lacks relevant details about data on protocol, devices, techniques, interface pressure, stiffness, as well as biases are represented by the different descriptions to present the outcomes. More recent evidence from adjustable wrap devices and elastic garments question the need for high pressure (especially for the upper limb) and stiffness in lymphedema treatment. Conclusions: At present time a very strong compression pressure exerted by material with high stiffness seem to be questionable in lymphedema treatment. A low pressure provides the best outcomes in arm lymphedema, while a pressure in the range of 40–60 mm Hg seems to provide higher efficacy in lower limb lymphedema, provided it is maintained overtime. A high stiffness seems to be unnecessary to treat chronic edema. Future clinical trials, including proper description of treatment methodology and adequate investigating instrumental tools, are awaited to possibly corroborate the conclusive outcomes of our review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our investigation for the first time explores the possibility of fabrication of a Capsaicin/polyurethane-based bioactive wound dressing. A micro/nanofibrous bandage was synthesized by electrospinning polyurethane supplemented with natural anti-inflammatory agent, Capsaicin. Herein, the best concentration (3%) of Capsaicin in polyurethane to get a consistent solution was standardized in order to acquire the composite micro/nanofibrous dressing. The as-spun bandage has been investigated by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and biocompatibility of muscle cells on the bioactive bandage was also examined. Free radical scavenging activity of the fabricated micro/nanofiber bandage was estimated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. Inclusion of Capsaicin in polyurethane transformed the morphology as well as dimension of the fibers. Anti-oxidant wound bandage with diameters around 150–500 nm was fabricated by physical unification of polyurethane with natural Capsaicin. Here, polyurethane was used as a foundation polymer, which was blended with Capsaicin to attain desirable characteristics such as better anti-oxidant activity, hydrophilicity and excellent cell attachment. The polyurethane wound bandage possesses enlarged surface, proscribed evaporation, and fluid drainage ability. These results suggest the beneficial influence of antioxidant Capsaicin on wound repairing process. Therefore, a biologically active, natural compounds such as Capsaicin is material of choice for fabrication of future wound dressings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trial design: In this blinded randomized study we analyzed patient reported outcome of three different treatments after nail surgery. We compared daily footbath with either alkaline or acidic soap or just a simple bandage of gauze dressing. Method: After partial nail ablation surgery, patients were randomized into three postoperative treatment modalities. Outcome in terms of reduction in pain, improvement of function, reduction of signs of infection and postoperative soothing effect were reported after one and two weeks. A generalized linear mixed model was used to analyze possible statistical differences between the groups. Results: 97 patients, 57% women, mean age 31 years, were included. Men reported significantly less pain and better function than women. Despite a registered lower growth of invasive pathogenic microbes following the use of acidic soaps, this did not lead to less infections than in the groups using either alkaline soap baths or bandaging. On the contrary, patients keeping the bandage on had significantly lower signs of infection after one week. Two patients using soap baths had growth of MRSA. Two weeks postoperatively, all three treatment alternatives had similar patient reported outcome in all parameters, and nobody needed antibiotics. Conclusions: This prospective randomized study was unable to prove that footbath with either acidic or alkaline soap should be preferred to just leave the postoperative bandage on for a week after partial nail ablation. We recommend that postoperative advice should be given on an individual basis, especially since our study did not involve patients with high risk of infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Pain and effusion after surgery can lead to limited range of motion (ROM) and quadriceps dysfunction. The modified Robert Jones bandage (MRJB) has been proposed to reduce bleeding, pain, tissue edema, effusion and hemarthrosis after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, the benefit of the MRJB in improving performance and functional outcome after TKA is still questionable. The present study compared timed up-and-go test scores (TUG) and Oxford knee score (OKS) between cases using the MRJB and those using a non-compressive dressing (NCD) after TKA. Materials and Methods: Seventy patients undergoing unilateral primary TKA were randomly assigned to one of two groups of 35 patients each according to type of postoperative dressing. Group 1 had an MRJB applied for 24 hours while Group 2 received an NCD. Six weeks after surgery, TUG and OKS were measured and scores were compared between the groups. Postoperative drained blood loss, pain score, degree of knee swelling, ROM, and complications were also recorded and compared as secondary outcomes. Results: There were no significant differences in the mean TUG scores (MRJB 16.5±7.5 scores versus NCD 17.6±11.4 scores, p=0.769) or mean OKS (MRJB 34.8±5.6 points versus NCD 35.3±5.8 points, p=0.722). Postoperative drained blood loss, pain score, degree of knee swelling, ROM, and complications were also similar between the group using the MRJB and that using an NCD. Conclusion: The use of the MRJB does not improve either performance or functional outcome after primary unilateral TKA. Trial registration: Clinicaltrial.gov NCT02701946. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hemorrhage is the leading cause of trauma death, and innovation in hemostatic technology is important. The strongly hydrophobic carbon nanofiber (CNF) coating has previously been shown to have excellent hemostatic properties. However, the understanding of how CNF coating guides the coagulation cascade and the biosafety of CNF as hemostatic agents has yet to be explored. Here, our thrombin generation assay investigation showed that CNF induced fast blood coagulation via factor (F) XII activation of the intrinsic pathway. We further performed studies of a rat vein injury and demonstrated that the CNF gauze enabled a substantial reduction of blood loss compared to both the plain gauze and kaolin-imbued gauze (QuikClot). Analysis of blood samples from the model revealed no acute toxicity from the CNF gauze, with no detectable CNF deposition in any organ, suggesting that the immobilization of CNF on our gauze prevented the infiltration of CNF into the bloodstream. Direct injection of CNF into the rat vein was also investigated and found not to elicit overt acute toxicity or affect animal survival or behavior. Finally, toxicity assays with primary keratinocytes revealed minimal toxicity responses to CNF. Our studies thus supported the safety and efficacy of the CNF hemostatic gauze, highlighting its potential as a promising approach in the field of hemostatic control.

Study Design: Systematic review.Objective: To investigate the effects of Kinesio Taping (KT) in patients with nonspecific low back pain.Summary Of Background Data: KT is widely used in patients with low back pain.Methods: We conducted searches on PubMed, EMBASE, PEDro, SciELO, and LILACS up to February 26, 2018. We included only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults with chronic nonspecific low back pain that compared KT to no intervention or placebo as well as RCTs that compared KT combined with exercise against exercise alone. The methodological quality and statistical reporting of the eligible trials were measured by the 11-item PEDro scale. The quality of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE classification. We considered pain intensity and disability as the primary outcomes. Whenever possible, the data were pooled through meta-analysis.Results: We identified 11 RCTs for this systematic review (pooled n = 743). Two clinical trials (pooled n = 100) compared KT to no intervention at the short-term follow-up. Four studies compared KT to placebo (pooled n = 287) at short-term follow-up and two trials (pooled n = 100) compared KT to placebo at intermediate-term follow-up. Five trials (pooled n = 296) compared KT combined with exercises or electrotherapy to exercises or spinal manipulation alone. No statistically significant difference was found for most comparisons.Conclusion: Very low to moderate quality evidence shows that KT was no better than any other intervention for most the outcomes assessed in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain. We found no evidence to support the use of KT in clinical practice for patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain.Level Of Evidence: 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electric drives with surface-mounted permanent magnets feature magnet retention sleeves found in the air gap between the rotor and the stator. The design of these components, whose thickness affects the size of the magnetic air gap, has thus significant implications for the overall drive performance. The present work proposes a systematic analytical method for the mechanical design of press-fit retention sleeves for surface-mounted permanent magnet drives. The model relies on the premise that the sleeve is thin and mounted on a much stiffer rotor-magnet assembly. This leads to the assumption of constant thickness before and after the interference fit, as well as the only significant deformation being the hoop extension of the sleeve induced by the press fit. The proposed design method allows for rapid estimations of such sleeve parameters as the thickness and effective overlap, providing critical design points to be verified by subsequent high fidelity approaches. Accordingly, finite-element analysis results are provided as verification of the analytical approach, demonstrating very good agreement between the two approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Complex decongestive physiotherapy (CDP) is an effective treatment for patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL). Bandaging is an important component of CDP. Although the literature suggests that bandages must be kept on for about 24 hours, some patients cannot tolerate keeping them on for this length of time. Also, it has been observed that limb volume decreased in patients who did not keep bandages on for 24 hours in clinical trials. But there is no evidence that this reduction in time is statistically significant. Our purpose was to compare the effectiveness of bandage compliance for a longer or a shorter period on limb volume in patients with BCRL. Methods and Results: We retroprospectively reviewed the medical records of 39 patients who received CDP. Twenty-eight eligible patients were divided into two groups, group 1 (n = 18) and group 2 (n = 10), according to the average number of hours of bandage compliance, which was 13–24 and 7–12 hours, respectively. The primary outcome was the change in limb volume between groups. The values for the limb volumes showed a statistically significant decrease in both groups. There was no significant difference in volume reduction between the groups. Conclusion: This study shows that keeping bandages on for between about 12 and 24 hours has the same effect on patients with BCRL as receiving CDP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vascular diseases are among the most common diseases in the world. Whether acute or chronic cases, compression therapy by bandaging is a well-known treatment for the majority of these diseases. In the textile processing of bandages, the influence of material chemistry (e.g. viscosity), the laws of physics (e.g. resiliency), and the medical requirements in the therapy must be taken into account. Furthermore, knowledge of the textile material helps us to understand why bandages do or do not have the desired effect. This paper provides a study of the Dynamic Hysteresis Coefficient (DHC) and lengthening, allowing the examination of compression bandage systems used in phlebology and lymphology using a novel measurement parameter.Compression bandage systems were subjected to a dynamic hysteresis test on a dynamometer, enabling estimation of the DHC and the lengthening (ΔL2) after five consecutive cycles. Evaluation of the findings indicates that the therapeutical stiffness index of the compression bandages can be reliably estimated using this new method. These findings show that inelastic compression bandage systems with elastomers can achieve a sustainable compression therapy over several days. DHC and ΔL2 are proven to be highly reliable parameters for comparing different compression bandage systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Active compression bandages made of electromechanically active elastomers have recently been proposed to counteract dynamically, rather than statically, limb swelling due to various pathologies or conditions. To apply and modulate the compression pressure they exploit the ability of electroactive elastomer layer/s of changing size in response to a high voltage. For safety reasons, such devices must be properly insulated from the user limb. In this paper, we present an electroactive bandage made of two prestretched layers of an electroactive acrylic elastomer sandwiched between two insulating layers of a passive silicone elastomer. Moreover, uniaxial stiffening elements where introduced to maximize actuation along the radial direction. Prototypes of the bandage were tested with a pressurized air chamber, which mimicked the compliance of a human limb. Both experimental investigations and a finite electroelasticity analytical model showed that the passive layers play a key role for an effective transmission of actuation from the active layers to the load. The prototypes were able to actively vary the applied pressure up to 10%. The model showed that by increasing the number of electroactive layers the pressure variation could be further increased, although with a saturation trend, providing a useful indication for future designs of such bandages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]