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The concept of equality is a concept shaped as a result of economic, legal, political, and sociological debates throughout human history. The concept of equality in the modern age; Its content has been enriched with principles such as equality of opportunity, political, racial, social and economic equality, and equality between men and women, and has become a superior value. Many researchers define equality as "a moral and social ideal, the situation in which people have the same position and value as each other in terms of having the same human nature." In other words, equality is the principle that states that "people are equal to each other and therefore no discrimination should be made between people". For this reason, this research aims to provide a general perspective to researchers by compiling studies on equality of opportunity in education. As a result, the concept of equality is generally defined as opportunity which means It is a widely accepted principle in many countries that is considered equality. The education system plays an important role in the implementation of this principle. Providing equal educational resources to all individuals or equalizing the educational achievements of individuals is accepted as a universal right to education.

There is a growing interest in the research and use of automated feedback dashboards that display classroom analytics; yet little is known about the detailed processes instructors use to make sense of these tools, and to determine the impact on their teaching practices. This research was conducted at a public Midwestern university within the context of an automated classroom observation and feedback implementation project. Fifteen engineering instructors engaged in this research. The overarching goal was to investigate instructor teaching beliefs, pedagogical practices, and sensemaking processes regarding dashboard use. A grounded theory approach was used to identify categories related to instructor perceptions. Results revealed that instructor experiences inform both their present use of the dashboard and consequential future actions. A model is presented that illustrates categories included in instructor pre-use, use, and post-use of an automated feedback dashboard. An extension to this model is presented and accompanied by recommendations for a more effective future use of automated dashboards. The model's practical implications inform both instructors and designers on effective design and use of dashboards, ultimately paving a way to improve pedagogical practices and instruction.

Physics and mathematics represent closely intertwined fields, wherein physicists employ mathematical modeling to address intricate problems. A challenge encountered by physicists involves bridging conceptual understanding with mathematical equations, a task that educators can facilitate by supporting students in navigating these two realms of comprehension. Mathematical modeling has exhibited potential in assisting students in recognizing that the domains of physics and mathematics are not insurmountably complex. The present study investigated the capability of science preservice teachers (PSTs) enrolled in an introductory physics course to resolve real-life physics problems by adhering to the stages of mathematical modeling. Data were gathered through the Interdisciplinary Modeling Eliciting Activity, allowing students to collaboratively discuss problems and devise solutions. Analysis was executed utilizing the interdisciplinary mathematical modeling (IMM) framework. The activity provided an inclusive platform for all students, including those who typically remained reticent during classes, to actively participate in group discussions and articulate their ideas. Despite the successful navigation of the problem with the guidance of the IMM framework, groups encountered challenges in certain tasks such as parsing/grouping and generating a context. Overall, the study demonstrated promise in augmenting PSTs' enthusiasm for physics and enhancing their comprehension of mathematical models within the discipline.

Non-compliance is a challenge for practitioners serving children with and without disabilities. Many interventions have been developed to increase compliance. High-probability request sequences (HPRS), an antecedent-based intervention that is based on behavioral momentum theory, is one way to increase compliant behavior. HPRS includes the presentation of two-to-five easy or known tasks with a high probability of compliance immediately before requesting tasks with a low probability of compliance. The purpose of the current meta-analysis was to review the literature in the last 40 years on high-p request sequences as an intervention to improve compliance in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Specifically, we examined the methodological rigor of the high-p single-case research for students with autism, identified the descriptive characteristics of these studies, and estimated treatment effects with Tau-U to determine whether HPRS is an evidence-based practice (EBP) for increasing compliance in children with ASD. Our results showed that HPRS is a very effective practice in increasing compliance in children with ASD (Tau-U = .87) and a promising EBP for improving compliance in children with ASD. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.

This research aims to draw a picture of chemistry lessons based on students' opinions in Hakkari, Turkey. The research design is a case study. An open-ended qualitative questionnaire consisting of 15 questions was used. The questionnaire was applied to 463 tenth- and eleventh-grade students studying at high schools in Hakkari. The data obtained were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative methods: content analysis, correlation tests, and chi-square tests. As a result, two categories were found: the factors affecting chemistry teaching and the effect of chemistry on students' daily and future lives. According to this, students' interest in chemistry is a factor in learning chemistry, the teaching method used by the teacher is an essential factor for chemistry, and having enough knowledge of chemistry affects achievement in other courses. A significant difference was found between female and male students choosing chemistry in their future careers, and the results were in favor of male students. On the contrary, female students thought that chemistry would be more permanent than males thought in their lives. The activities used in chemistry lessons, teachers' attitudes in the classroom, and the use of chemistry examples in daily life are effective for learning chemistry and choosing chemistry for a future career.

This research was conducted to determine the attitudes of university students with different socio-economic structures towards information and communication technologies, using information and communication technologies (ICT), which are increasingly used in our daily life, by using a descriptive survey model and survey method. Günbatar (2014) and analyzed for validity and reliability, was used to determine the level of use of information and communication technologies by university students receiving Physical Education and Sports Education. The universe of the research consists of students studying at universities that provide sports education in Turkey. The sample consists of 166 students from Kafkas University, 172 students from Igdir University and 164 students from Ardahan University, students studying in Physical Education and Sports Teaching, Coaching Education and Sports Management departments of Physical Education and Sports Schools of universities located in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. This study aims to determine the beliefs, opinions, perceptions and attitudes of university students who receive Physical Education and Sports education toward the integration of technology into physical education with students who are currently studying in higher education. A literature review of information and communication technologies was made in the first part of the investigation. In the second part, the attitude scale was used. The data obtained were evaluated in the SPSS 22.0 package program. Kaiser-MeyerOlkin (KMO) test and Barlett test were conducted to evaluate the suitability of the attitudes of university students who receive sports education towards information and communication technologies for factor analysis. Analysis of Variance in the comparison of multiple groups (LSD was used in cases where variances were homogeneous, Dunnet C was used in cases where they were not). Internal Validity With Cronbach a coefficient, normality distribution of data with Kurtosis and Skewness coefficients, frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, one-way data analysis Anova and t-test were used for independent groups. The significance level of the statistical analysis was accepted as p < 0.05. The difference in the mean score of the General ICT Tendency sub-dimension according to the university of education was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). It was observed that there were significant differences in the dimensions of communication in the virtual environment between universities (p < 0.05). The difference in the Software Use sub-dimension mean score according to the university of education was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The difference in the mean score of the Virtual Environment Information Access subdimension according to the departments was statistically significant (p < 0.05). It is thought that this research will create a gain in terms of determining the attitudes of university students who receive sports education toward information and communication technologies.

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is one of the key agro-industrial crops that produce raw sugar and bio-fuel ethanol, which contributes to sustainable national economy, food and nutritional security in tropical areas globally. Traditional sugarcane breeding practices are tedious and labour-intensive practice to develop elite high-yielding and resistant cultivars. Sugarcane improvement based on high-throughput techniques to develop traits linked DNA markers through establishing marker-trait associations using linkage analysis. The SSR and markers offer a user-friendly and cost-efficient genomic tool for marker-trait linkage analysis in crop species. In the current study, an integrated sugarcane genetic linkage map was constructed with SSR and TRAP molecular markers using 226 progenies derived from a bi-parental (UP 9530 × Co 86,011) mapping population. The biparental mapping population (266 progenies) was genotyped which generated a total of 815 polymorphic loci with 96 SSR and 11 TRAP primer combinations. Out of 815 markers, 324 markers were scattered onto 107 linkage groups (LGs) and for all the linkage maps, the cumulative genome length was found to be 7608.7 cM, with an average length of 71.11 cM per LG. The length of LGs was ranging from 0.06 to 238.44 cM, with an average of 23.48 cM between two adjacent markers and the number of markers per LG varied from 2 to 11. Out of 324 linked markers, 232 (71.60 %) were found to be single dose (1:1) and 92 (28.39 %) double single dose (3:1) in segregation pattern in genotyping. All the LGs with common markers on individual maps were merged to construct an integrated map using a map integration tool. Future research will be focused on validation of the linked markers in sugarcane involves a combination of phenotypic studies, molecular analysis, genetic mapping, and field trials. This ensures the marker is accurate, reliable, and applicable across different environments and genetic backgrounds. Moreover, the developed SSR-based linkage map will be a useful suit for understanding genetic architecture, marker-assisted breeding for improving yield and quality, identifying disease resistance genes, and accelerating genetic research in polyploid sugarcane and other related polyploidy crop species.

Abstract Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome (PIMS-TS), associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, is a severe complication after COVID-19 in children. It is caused by the immune reaction to SARS-CoV-2, and usually appears three to six weeks after the infection. Unfortunately, PIMS causes non-specific symptoms, which makes its diagnosis and treatment difficult. In this paper, we propose Fourier Transform InfraRed spectrometry (FTIR) to identify chemical changes in blood serum of children induced by PIMS and caused by subsequent treatment of the syndrome. The results suggest that although the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of FTIR data did not allow for differentiation of healthy children and children with PIMS before and after the treatment, the implementation of Support Vector Machine (SVM) showed that the accuracy of the FTIR region between 800 cm− 1 and 1800 cm− 1 in PIMS detection is as high as 92% with a sensitivity of 100%. The difference in the chemical compositions of sera from the control group and the children after the treatment was detected in 54%, indicating that the treatment was effective. Indeed, the obtained medical data clearly showed a decrease of C-reactive protein (CRP) and Procalcitonin (PCT) concentration in serum after the treatment. The decision tree showed that peak 1455 cm− 1 could be used as a potential FTIR PIMS marker. Importantly, FTIR data correlates well with medical parameters, however the correlation differs with respect to the groups before and after the treatment.

ÖZGeleneksel total protez kullanan hastaların mevcut total protezlerinin ağız içinde implantlara bağlanarak implant üstü hareketli proteze geçişte oklüzal kuvvetlerin yer değişiminin kaydedilmesidir. 56 yaşındaki tam dişsiz erkek hasta alt çene ön bölgeye yapılan 3 implantın osseointegrasyonu için gerekli süre geçtikten sonra implant üstü hareketli protezini yaptırmak üzere kliniğimize başvurdu. Hastaya topuz başlı ataşman tutuculu implant üstü hareketli protez yapılması planlandı ve bunun üzerine yeni alt çene total protez hazırlandı. Oklüzal temasları düzenlenen total protez ağız içinde implantlara bağlanmadan önce ve bağlandıktan sonra T-Scan III sistemi kullanılarak oklüzal temasların dağılımı kaydedilmiştir. Bu çalışmada total protezin implantlara bağlamadan önceki ve sonraki oklüzal temaslarının dağılımının birbirine çok yakın değerler verdiği görülmüştür. Bu yüzden oklüzal temaslarının tekrardan düzenlenmesine ihtiyaç duyulmamıştır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Oklüzyon, Overdenture, T-Scan III

We mathematically derived a sensitivity-based method that identifies the thermal transport physics and parameters suitable for multivariate nonlinear fits in a frequency-domain thermoreflectance (FDTR) experiment. Modern electronic devices often consist of heterogeneous nanolayers with multiple unknown thermal transport properties. However, simultaneous fitting in a single experiment for these unknown parameters will produce unreliable results if they are correlated. Current methods to identify such correlations are unreliable. This unreliability has impeded the accuracy and speed of characterizing the unknown thermal properties of such multilayer stacks. Our proposed logarithmic sensitivity ratio (LSR) analysis can evaluate the feasibility of fitting a pair of unknown parameters and clarify the governing thermal transport physics. The effectiveness and convenience of this analysis were studied using Monte Carlo simulations and actual FDTR experiments for fitting up to three unknown parameters. The principle behind this method can be extended to other techniques where multivariate fits are needed.

Pendred syndrome remains a condition characterised by numerous complexities and unresolved aspects despite significant advancements in understanding its aetiology and clinical manifestations. The aim of the study was to summarise the latest reports on this autosomal recessive disorder. While typical mutations underlying the syndrome and their implications on cellular function have been elucidated, there are still many unknowns surrounding the disease. Although a typical clinical profile of Pendred syndrome patients has been established, ongoing research continues to uncover new pathomechanisms attributed to these mutations. While diagnostic approaches and clinical guidelines have been refined, effective treatment modalities remain elusive. Despite our enhanced understanding of the disease, the development of targeted and efficacious therapies for Pendred syndrome has yet to be achieved. In summary, while progress has been made in unravelling the intricacies of Pendred syndrome, further research is warranted to bridge existing knowledge gaps and find treatment for this disorder.