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Aim Differences in the frequency of distribution of the cytochromeP450 (CYP) allelic variants have been demonstrated between distinct ethnic groups, contributing to observed interindividual variation in drug response. In this study we determined, for the irst time, prevalence of the common allelic variants of the polymorphic CYP enzymes, CYP3A4*1B and CYP3A5*3, in the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH). Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples collected from 140 unrelated subjects. A real-time PCR was used for the detection of CYP polymorphisms, with the application of the speciic TaqMan® SNP Genotyping Assay (Applied Biosystems)for CYP3A5*3, while CYP3A4*1B was genotyped by high-resolution melting analysis. Results Our results have shown that the distribution of CYP3A4*1B and CYP3A5*3 alleles was in line with the data reported in European Caucasians. We conirmed that CYP3A4*1B mutant allele is rare in Caucasians, being present in only 5.1% individuals. However, CYP3A5*3 polymorphism was found to be predominant in the Bosnian population with an incidence of 94%, similarly to other European populations tested so far. Interestingly, we have demonstrated a strong linkage disequilibrium between CYP3A5*3 and CYP3A4*1B alleles. No signiicant difference in allele frequencies for CYP3A4*1B and CYP3A5*3 has been shown between male and female subjects participating in our study. Conclusion Our data demonstrated the high prevalence of CYP3A5*3 allele in Bosnian population, indicating signiicance of analysis of CYP3A5 and CYP3A4 polymorphisms and corresponding allele frequencies in speciic ethnic groups. Importantly, results of this study may lead to translation of pharmacogenetics and individualized therapeutic approach in current clinical practices in BH.

Aim Lipin 1 is a recently discovered multifunctional protein involvedin the metabolism of lipids, while PPAR?? is involved in adipocytedifferentiation, and regulation of lipid metabolism. Up to now, LPIN1 and PPARG gene polymorphisms have been associated with type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and central obesity. In this study, we hypothesized that genetic variants within LPIN1 and PPARG genes were associated with traits of metabolic syndrome. Correlation between biochemical parameters (including but not limited to, glucose, HbA1c, insulin levels, HDL and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, serum proteins, liver enzymes) and frequency of polymorphisms in LPIN1 (rs11693809 and rs2716610) and PPARG gene (rs10865710, rs3856806 and rs1801282), was tested in this study. Methods The study included 70 patients diagnosed with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Two polymorphisms of LPIN1 gene (rs11693809 and rs2716610), and three polymorphisms of PPARG gene (rs10865710, rs385806 and rs1801282) were analyzed by real time PCR and conventional PCR-RFLP methods.Results Our analysis revealed correlation between insulin levels and rs11693809 LPIN1 polymorphism in diabetic patients. Also the results of this study showed an association of rs10865710 and rs385806 polymorphism of PPARG with HDL cholesterol and LDL plus total cholesterol levels, respectively. Conclusion These data relect an association of analyzed PPARG and LPIN1 gene polymorphisms with values of insulin, HDL, LDL and total cholesterol witch indicates an important role of these genes in lipid metabolism and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: In polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), insulin resistance (IR) appears with high prevalence and represents the major cause of cardiometabolic complications. Lipin 1β regulates lipid metabolism and augments insulin sensitivity. The impact of lipin 1β expression in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue of PCOS patients on IR was studied for the first time. METHODS: Eighty-five PCOS patients and 44 controls were enrolled for subcutaneous tissue biopsy, of whom 25 patients and 30 controls also underwent visceral adipose tissue biopsy. Gene expression of lipin 1β was measured, together with that of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, lipoprotein lipase, hormone-sensitive lipase, adiponectin and glucose transporter 4 in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue. Markers of obesity, IR and PCOS were also measured. RESULTS: In PCOS patients, lipin 1β expression in both adipose depots was lower than in controls: 0.76 (0.67–0.84) vs 1.16 (0.90–1.43) for visceral and 0.91 (0.73–1.10) vs 1.30 (1.03–1.57) for s.c. depot (both P<10–4). The difference remained significant after adjustment for body mass index (BMI) and also when comparing only lean patients with lean controls. In PCOS patients, visceral adipose lipin 1β expression correlated negatively with homeostasis model assessment–IR (r=–0.474, P=0.017), BMI (r=–0.511, P=0.009) and waist circumference (r=–0.473, P=0.017), waist circumference remaining significant (P=0.027) in multiple regression. Subcutaneous lipin 1β expression in PCOS correlated negatively with BMI, waist circumference and plasma triglycerides, and positively with high density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Subcutaneous, but not visceral lipin 1β expression, correlated positively with the studied genes. CONCLUSIONS: Lipin 1β appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of IR in PCOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]