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Injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) is an effective biological material that positively contributes to angiogenesis, wound healing, inflammation, regeneration processes, etc. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of i-PRF in rats with experimental periodontitis. Following the development of ligature-induced periodontitis, 24 Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups. Group-1: scaling and root planing (only-SRP); Group-2: SRP + i-PRF; Group-3: only- i-PRF. Heart blood from six donors was used for the i-PRF application. i-PRF was administered as a subgingival injection in the relevant groups on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th days. The tissues were evaluated histopathologically and immunohistochemically. Also, bone structures were examined using micro-CT. According to the data obtained, no statistically significant difference was observed among the groups in terms of bone resorption, inflammation, bone volume, bone levels (mesial/distal), and IL-1β, IFN-ɤ, TNF-α, VEGF values (p > 0.05). However, bone mineral density was statistically significantly different among the groups (Group3 > Group2 > Group1) (p < 0.0001). Subgingival injection of only-i-PRF showed promising results in periodontitis treatment but contribution to SRP has not been proved according to this study results. The study results suggested that the i-PRF application was as effective as SRP in reducing bone loss, modulating inflammatory process, and effecting cytokines in experimental periodontitis. The significant effect of i-PRF on bone mineral density was the most remarkable result.

Antioxidant enzymes play an important role in body defense and free radical removal. Cephalosporins are β-lactam antibiotics. In this work, the effects of cefazolin, cefuroxime and cefoperazone which are cephalosporins on some selected antioxidant enzyme and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) as lipid peroxidation product were investigated in kidney, liver, and brain tissues of albino female rats. Ninety-six albino rats were randomly divided into 16 groups of equal number ( n  = 6). 50 mg/kg cefazolin, 25 mg/kg cefuroxime, and 100 mg/kg cefoperazone were injected intraperitoneally to the groups (5th-8th and 9th-12th, and 13th-16th groups), respectively. The changes in glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels were studied in each time point group and a time-dependent manner (at the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th hour). In addition, MDA levels were examined in all the tissues. The drugs evaluated in this study had different effects on the same enzyme in different tissues depending on time. MDA levels especially in cefazolin and cefoperazone experiments were lower in all the tissues; however, MDA levels were higher in brain and kidney tissues in the cefuroxime groups in a time-dependent manner ( p  < 0.05). These results revealed the complex effects of the tested drugs on different tissues at different time points. Therefore, the dose and use of these drugs should be adjusted correctly.

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of oral enalapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I), oral candesartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), and intralesional corticosteroid treatments in reducing scar formation., Methods: Twenty male rabbits were divided into five study groups: A (sham), B (control), C (ACE-I), D (ARB) and E (intralesional corticosteroid). The rabbit ear hypertrophic scar model was used. The hypertrophic scars were photographed and analyzed with the program ImageJ quantitatively to determine the degree of collagen fibers. The scar elevation index (SEI) was calculated at the end of the 40th day. Tissue samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome and examined under light microscopy for the determination of fibroblast number, epithelization, vascularization, inflammation and fibrosis., Results: The SEI was the highest in the control group with the highest number of fibroblasts under the epithelium. In the steroid group, the SEI was significantly lower than both the ACE-I (p: 0.02) and ARB (p: 0.001) groups. The density of type 1 collagen fibers was the lowest in the control group, whereas type 3 collagen fibers were highest in that group. The ACE-I and ARB groups were similar regarding densities of type 1 and type 3 collagen fibers. The density of type 1 collagen fibers was the highest in the steroid group, whereas the density of type 3 collagen fibers was the lowest in that group., Conclusions: Enalapril, candesartan and intralesional steroid therapies were all effective in reducing scar tissue development; however, enalapril and steroid groups revealed better results., No Level Assigned: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

This study aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of paricalcitol on experimental amikacin-induced nephrotoxicity model in rats. Wistar albino rats (n = 32) were allocated into four equal groups of eight each, the control (Group C), paricalcitol (Group P), amikacin-induced nephrotoxicity (Group A), and paricalcitol-treated amikacin-induced nephrotoxicity (Group A + P) groups. Paricalcitol was given intra-peritoneally at a dose of 0.4 μg/kg/d for 5 consecutive days prior to induction of amikacin-induced nephrotoxicity. Intra-peritoneal amikacin (1.2 g/kg) was used to induce nephrotoxicity at day 4. Renal function parameters, oxidative stress biomarkers, oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine/deoxyguanosine ratio), kidney histology, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) immunoexpression were determined. Group A + P had lower mean fractional sodium excretion (p < 0.001) as well as higher creatinine clearance (p = 0.026) than the amikacin group (Group A). Renal tissue malondialdehyde levels (p = 0.035) and serum 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine/deoxyguanosine ratio (8-OHdG/dG ratio) (p < 0.001) were significantly lower; superoxide dismutase (p = 0.024) and glutathione peroxidase (p = 0.007) activities of renal tissue were significantly higher in group A + P than in group A. The mean scores of tubular necrosis (p = 0.024), proteinaceous casts (p = 0.038), medullary congestion (p = 0.035), and VEGF immunoexpression (p = 0.018) were also lower in group A + P when compared with group A. This study demonstrates the protective effect of paricalcitol in the prevention of amikacin-induced nephrotoxicity in an experimental model. Furthermore, it is the first study to demonstrate that paricalcitol improves oxidative DNA damage in an experimental acute kidney injury model.

Hearing loss can occur in newborns exposed to high-level noise; noise exposure can cause more physiological stress and can lead to DNA damage. This study was designed to determine DNA damage in newborn rats exposed to sound at different concentrations. For this purpose, 28 newborn (3-6 days old) rats were divided into four groups of 7 rats in each group (Control and Groups of 40 decibel (dB), 70 dB, and 110 dB]. In the experimental groups, 40 dB, 70 dB, and 110 dB (7.5-15 kHz) of sound was applied to the experimental groups for 30 min a day for 7 days. DNA damage levels in the serums obtained from this study were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. According to this, it was determined that DNA damage in the group exposed to 110 dB showed a statistically significant increase (P < 0.05) compared to the compared to the control, 40 dB, and 70 dB groups. Related to the subject, it was concluded that DNA damage may occur in newborns exposed to 110 dB or higher sound in neonatal units, wards, and home environments with newborn babies. Mothers should be warned about this situation and noise should be kept under 110 dB volume in the environments with the newborns.