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Many studies have highlighted the phenomenon of rural decline in parts of the developed world, summarised as a loss in agricultural employment leading to a decline in the number and size of rural settlements. This study of small towns in part of Australia's inland rural "heartland" employs the concepts of interactional rural community of place and rural resilience to identify how farmers perceive their interactions with their local town. This study suggests that robust levels of ongoing engagement between farmers and town communities are important in maintaining rural populations and services along with both a strong local economy and environment. Face-to-face interviews with 115 farmers in two rural regions of New South Wales, Australia, highlight the importance of the local economy and jobs, the quality of the local environment and a strong sense of belonging, in contributing to a strong sense of local community and potential for resilience. (Contains 1 figure and 4 tables.)

This article takes up and broadens the concept of 'womb-envy' from a bioenergetic perspective. Womb-envy describes a felt, if unconscious, experience in men arising from our incapacity to carry and bear and, in certain ways, nurture children. This paper examines this phenomenon using a somatopsychic lens and illuminates the impact of the feelings arising from this on personality development and on men's relationships with women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change is likely to cause increased occurrence of extreme weather events, including both heat waves and cold spells (Molloy et al. 2008). Many studies have examined the relationship between [...]

To authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-5871.2009.00620.x Byline: SCOTT BAUM (*), WILLIAM F. MITCHELL (2) Keywords: regional labour markets; unemployment; employability; space and place; disadvantage Abstract: Abstract It is becoming increasingly apparent that, in order to understand a range of socio-economic outcomes, research needs to be focused on a multi-dimensional approach that accounts for individual characteristics and behaviours together with locality and activity within space and place. Within labour market analysis there is a need to situate empirical analysis within a conceptual framework that considers both the assets of individuals within the labour force and the social and local labour market contexts in which they find themselves. Using a broad notion of employability, this paper develops an analysis of unemployment in Australia's metropolitan labour markets. Specifically it uses a combination of individual survey data and aggregate labour market data to consider the associations between these multi-level factors. It finds that, while individual characteristics are important in understanding unemployment in metropolitan areas, it is equally the case that the strength of spatially distinct labour markets also plays a role. The paper reaches the conclusion that, while contemporary labour market policy tends to focus on individual characteristics, there is a need to widen the policy understanding of labour market outcomes so that other broader contexts, including the impact of space and place, are also seen as being influential. Author Affiliation: (1)School of Environmental Planning, Griffith University, Nathan Campus 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia. (2)Centre of Full Employment and Equity, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia. Article History: Received 20 January 2008; Revised 10 January 2009; Accepted 7 July 2009 Article note: (*) Email: s.baum@griffith.edu.au

Caloric restriction (CR) is known to retard the aging process, and a marker of aging is decreased energy expenditure (EE). To assess longitudinal effects of CR on EE in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), data from 41 males (M) and 26 females (F) subjected to 9 or 15 yr of CR were studied. EE and body composition of monkeys 11-28 yr of age were measured using indirect calorimetry and dual X-ray absorptiometry. Total EE (24-h EE) was divided into daytime (day EE), nighttime (night EE), and daytime minus nighttime (D--NEE). M calorie-restricted monkeys showed a lower 24-h EE (means [+ or -] SD = 568 [+ or -] 96 kcal/day, P < 0.0001) than controls (C; 630 [+ or -] 129 kcal/day). Calorie-restricted M had a lower night EE (difference = 36 kcal P < 0.0001) compared with C M, but after adjusting for FFM and FM, night EE was not different between calorie-restricted and C males (P = 0.72). The 24-b EE decreased with age (13 kcal decrease/yr, P < 0.0001), but there was no difference between CR and C. Adjusted for FFM and FM, D--N EE decreased with age (9 kcal/yr, P < 0.0001), with no interaction with age (P = 0.72). The F were compared with age-matched M selected from the male cohort. F had a lower 24-h EE (496 [+ or -] 84 kcal/day) than M (636 [+ or -] 139 kcal/day) (P < 0.0001). Adjusting for FFM and FM, night EE was lower in F compared with M (difference = 18 kcal, P = 0.077). Night EE did not differ between calorie-restricted and C younger monkeys after adjusting for FFM and FM. In conclusion, CR did not alter the age-related decrease in EE with CR. metabolic rate; dietary restriction; indirect calorimetry

Rhesus monkeys have been used as models to study obesity and disease. The aim of this study was to define body mass indices for underweight and obesity in rhesus monkeys. Longitudinal data collected over 8-14 years from 40 male and 26 female rhesus monkeys were analyzed. Body weight, insulin sensitivity index, and disposition index were regressed against percent body fat (%BF). A minimal %BF beyond which further loss of body weight resulted in loss of lean mass was determined to be 11.5% in older males, 8% in adult females, and 9% in younger adult males. Insulin sensitivity index and disposition index reached minimum values at 23% fat in older males, 18% in adult females, and 21% in younger adult males, indicating obesity. The estimated reference range for %BF was 9%-23% in male and 8%-18% in female monkeys, corresponding to body mass indices of 32-44 kg/[m.sup.2] for male and 27-35 kg/[m.sup.2] for female monkeys.