Marian Brestic, Martina Pollastrini, Filippo Bussotti, Richard J. Ladle, Marcos Ezequiel Yanniccari, Anjana Jajoo, K. Suresh, Marek Zivcak, Nabil I. Elsheery, Ángeles Calatayud, Zdzisława Romanowska-Duda, Lorenzo Ferroni, Piotr Dąbrowski, Sander W. Hogewoning, Karolina Bosa, Simonetta Pancaldi, Eduardo Alberto Tambussi, Vasilij Goltsev, DorothyBelle Poli, João Serôdio, Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev, Hazem M. Kalaji, Beata Rutkowska, Gert Schansker, Amarendra Narayan Misra, Consuelo Penella, Sergio G. Nebauer, Lucia Guidi, and Wiesław Szulc
The aim of this educational review is to providepractical information on the hardware, methodology, andthe hands on application of chlorophyll (Chl)afluores-cence technology. We present the paper in a question andanswer format like frequently asked questions. Althoughnearly all information on the application of Chlafluores-cence can be found in the literature, it is not always easilyaccessible. This paper is primarily aimed at scientists whohave some experience with the application of Chlafluo-rescence but are still in the process of discovering what itall means and how it can be used. Topics discussed are(among other things) the kind of information that can beobtained using different fluorescence techniques, theinterpretation of Chlafluorescence signals, specificapplications of these techniques, and practical advice ondifferent subjects, such as on the length of dark adaptationbefore measurement of the Chlafluorescence transient. Fil: Kalaji, Hazem. Warsaw University of Life Sciences. Varsovia; Polonia Fil: Schansker, Gert. Chêne-Bougeries; Suiza Fil: Ladle, Richard. Universidade Federal de Alagoas; Brasil Fil: Goltsev, Vasilij. St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia. Sofia; Bulgaria Fil: Bosa, Karolina. Warsaw University of Life Sciences. Varsovia; Polonia Fil: Allakhverdiev, Suleyman. Russian Academy of Sciences. Moscu; Rusia Fil: Brestic, Marian. Agricultural University. Nitra; Eslovaquia Fil: Bussotti, Filippo. University of Florence. Florencia; Italia Fil: Calatayud, Angeles. Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias. Valencia; España Fil: Dabrowski, Piotr. Warsaw University of Life Sciences. Varsovia; Polonia Fil: Elsheery, Nabil. Tanta University. Tanta; Egipto Fil: Ferroni, Lorenzo. Universita Di Ferrara; Italia Fil: Guidi, Lucia. Food and Environment. Pisa; Italia Fil: Hogewoning, Ssander. Plant Lighting BV. Bunnik; Países Bajos Fil: Jajoo, Anjama. Devi Ahilya University. Indore; India Fil: Misra, Amarendra. Central University of Jharkhand. Ranchi; India Fil: Nebauer, Sergio G. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia; España Fil: Pancaldi, Simonetta. Universita Di Ferrara; Italia Fil: Penella, Consuelo. Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias. Valencia; España Fil: Poli, Dorothy Belle. Roanoke College. Salem; Estados Unidos Fil: Pollastrini, M. University of Florence. Florencia; Italia Fil: Romanowska Duda, Zdzislawa. University of Lodz. Lodz; Polonia Fil: Rutkowska, Beata. Warsaw University of Life Sciences. Varsovia; Polonia Fil: Serodio, Joao. Universidade de Aveiro. Aveiro; Portugal Fil: Suresh, Kancherla. Directorate of Oil Palm Research. Pedavegi; India Fil: Szulc, Wieslaw. Warsaw University of Life Sciences. Varsovia; Polonia Fil: Tambussi, Eduardo Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Yanniccari, Marcos Ezequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal; Argentina Fil: Zivcak, Marek. Agricultural University. Nitra; Eslovaquia