Search

BACKGROUND: Repeated cigarette use in individuals generally occurs due to the craving for smoking. Orexin-leptin hormones and temperament character traits are thought to be important factors affecting nicotine craving. OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to determine orexin-leptin blood levels, which appear in nicotine deprivation, in health professionals who were diagnosed as having tobacco use disorder in accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V) and to assess the temperament-character traits of the same group and to provide biologic and psychotherapeutic data for the treatment of tobacco abuse. METHODS: The study sample consisted of faculty of medicine students and resident physicians who were smokers (n = 40). The control group comprised medical students and resident physicians who were non-smokers (n = 40). The Sociodemographic and Clinical Information Form, DSM-IV SCID-I Clinical Version, and Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) were applied to both groups. Substance Craving Scale (SCS) and Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence were applied only smoking group. Blood samples were taken for plasma orexin and serum leptin levels for both groups. RESULTS: The plasma orexin levels were lower in the smokers group (p

WOS: 000439157200006, PubMed ID: 28622915, Introduction: During clinical evaluations, in order to interpret patients' complaints caused by Eustachian tube dysfunction and to monitor the success of the treatment, standardized and disease-related scales are necessary. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of Eustachian tube dysfunction questionnaire-7. Methods: Forty patients diagnosed with Eustachian tube dysfunction and 40 healthy individuals were enrolled for the study. After language validation of the Eustachian tube dysfunction questionnaire-7 for Turkish, a scale was completed by the both Eustachian tube dysfunction and control groups. Two weeks after the first evaluation, 15 of the cases filled out the scale again without any treatment intervention. Known-groups method was used in validity analysis. Floor-ceiling effect, test-retest method, item-total score correlation and internal consistency analysis were used in reliability analyses. Results: Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.714 for the entire questionnaire. The test-retest reliability coefficient for the total scale was determined as 0.792, indicating correlation between the two questionnaires completed by the same patient over time. In the Eustachian tube dysfunction group, total and each item scores were found significantly higher than the control group (p

Objective: Tobacco use is the most important public health concern worldwide, particularly in developing countries. It is estimated that 1.7 billion people worldwide will be smokers by 2025 if any intervention do not made. Turkey took an important step in the fight against smoking with the introduction of the project ‘smokeless airspace’ in May 2009. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of smoking and characteristics of smokers among undergraduates attending Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey. Methods: This cross-sectional study was realized among Manisa Celal Bayar University students between March 2015 and June 2015. A self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain sociodemographic data and determine smoking behaviour and nicotine dependence among university students. Descriptive statistical analyses were used to measure the prevalence of smoking and determine correlations between dependent and independent variables. Chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables Results: Of the 2170 respondents, 518 (23.9%) were current smokers, comprising 312 (60.2%) males and 206 (39.8%) females. Cigarette smoking was significantly associated with having friends who smoked, male gender, and parental smoking. Based on the Fagerstrom Tolerance Test, 8.9% of the students were identified as being addicts. According to Fagerström Tolerance of Nicotine Dependence. 193 out of 518 (37.2%) students were reported as nicotine dependent. Conclusion: Deleterious effects of smoking on human health should be incessantly emphasized in the university curriculum, policies of ‘smokeless airspace, should be supported by stronger, and more effective programs in order to encourage university students to quit smoking. Amaç: Tütün kullanımı, özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerde dünyadaki en önemli halk sağlığı olarak kabul edilmektedir. Herhangi bir müdahale yapılmazsa, 2025 yılına kadar dünyadaki 1,7 milyar insanın sigara içeceği sanılmaktadır. Türkiye, Mayıs 2009’da “dumansız hava sahası” projesinin başlatılmasıyla sigara içilmesine karşı mücadelede önemli bir adım attı. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Celal Bayar Üniversitesi, Manisa, Türkiye’ye gelen lisans öğrencileri arasında sigara içme prevalansını ve sigara içenlerin özelliklerini değerlendirmektir. Yöntem: Kesitsel tipteki bu araştırma Mart 2015 - Haziran 2015 tarihleri arasında Manisa, Celal Bayar Üniversitesi öğrencileri arasında gerçekleştirildi. Sosyodemografik veriler ile üniversite öğrencileri arasında sigara içme davranışını ve nikotin bağımlılığını belirlemek için anket kullanıldı. Bağımlı ve bağımsız değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri belirlemek için tanımlayıcı istatistikler kullanıldı. Kategorik değişkenleri karşılaştırmak için ki-kare testi uygulandı. Bulgular: Ankete katılan 2170 katılımcının 518’i (%23,9) [312 (%60,2) erkek, 206 (%39,8) kadın] mevcut sigara içiciydi. Sigara içimi erkek cinsiyet, anne-babanın ve arkadaşların sigara içme durumları ile anlamlı şekilde ilişkiliydi. Fagerstrom Tolerans Testine dayanarak, öğrencilerin %8,9’u bağımlı olarak tanımlandı. Fagerström Nikotin Bağımlılığı Toleransına göre sigara içen 518 öğrencinin 193’ü (%37,2) nikotin bağımlısı olarak rapor edilmiştir. Sonuç: Yasal düzenlemelerin yanı sıra üniversite öğrencileri arasında sigarayı önlemeyi teşvik etmek için sigaranın insan sağlığı üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerinin eğitim müfredatında sürekli olarak işlenmesi ve “dumansız hava sahası” gibi sigara içiciliğini azaltmaya yönelik politikaların daha güçlü ve etkili programlar ile desteklenmesi gerekmektedir.

Background/aim: In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis (ABP) with respect to the incidence of symptomatic urinary tract infections (UTIs) and evaluated the development of renal scarring in patients treated with clean intermittent catheterization (CIC). Materials and methods: A total of 22 patients were included in the study. The patients were administered ABP in the first year (the ABP-received period) but not in the second year (the ABP-discontinued period). Results: Twenty-eight of all cultures taken in the ABP-received period (18.2%) and 25 (16.2%) of the ABP-discontinued cultures were considered to be indicative of symptomatic UTIs (P = 0.65). The multiple antibiotic resistance rate of microorganisms in cultures taken during the ABP-discontinued period (47; 30.5%) was lower than that in those taken in the ABP-received period (62; 40.3%), (P = 0.07). There was no difference between the ABP-received and ABP-discontinued periods with respect to the development of new lesions according to dimercaptosuccinic acid results (P = 0.14). Conclusion: Routine ABP usage is not protective against the development of symptomatic UTIs and new lesions in neurogenic bladder patients receiving CIC. Furthermore, the growth of resistant microorganisms increased in the ABP-received period

Giriş: Sağlık çalışanları toplam nüfus içinde yaşlı popülasyon oranının giderek artmasından kaynaklanacak demografik değişikliklerin doğuracağı değişim ve gelişmelere hazırlıklı olmalıdır. Biz bu çalışmada Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Tip Fakültesi öğrencilerinin yaşlılığa karşı genel tutumlarının belirlenmesi ve tıp eğitimi sürecinde tutum konusunda sınışar arasındaki farklılıkları tespit etmeyi amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma, Ekim-Aralık 2014 tarihleri arasında Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Tip Fakültesinde okumakta olan 406 öğrenci üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Verilerin toplanmasında kullanılan anket formu üçbölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde öğrencilerinin sosyodemografik özellikleri sorulmuş, ikinci bölümde KOGAN Yaşlılara Karşı Tutum Ölçeği Türkçe formu ve üçüncü bölümde UCLA Geriatrik Tutum Ölçeği Türkçe formu kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan öğrencilerin yaşaralığı18-27 olup (ortalama yaş=21.04), %60.8'i kız, %91.4'ünün ise çekirdek aile yapısına sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Sınışara göre UCLA toplam puanları değerlendirildiğinde 1. sınıf öğrencilerinin ortalama puanlarının diğer sınışara göre daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. UCLA'ya göre yaşlılara karşı tutumda kadınlarda erkeklere göre anlamlı pozitif tutum saptanmıştır. KOGAN da ise cinsiyet açısından yaşlılara yönelik tutumda herhangi anlamlı bir fark saptanmamıştır. Sonuç: Çalışmada öğrencilerin yaşlılara karşı tutumlarının sınıf ilerledikçe biraz daha olumsuz yönde değiştiği söylenebilir. Ayrıca kız öğrencilerin tutumlarının da daha olumlu olduğu görülmektedir. Normal bireylere nazaran görece incinebilir yapıda olan yaşlı popülasyonun sağlık personelinden beklentileri göz önüne alındığında, hekim sorumluluğunun da artmış olacağı öngörülmek durumundadır. Introduction: Health workers must be prepared for the changes and developments due tothe ever-increasing proportion of elderly individuals within the general population. This study aimed to identify the general attitudes of students of the Faculty of Medicine of Celal Bayar University (CBU) toward senility and evaluate differences in the attitudes of students at different stages of medical education. Materials and Method: This study was conducted between October and December 2014and included a total of 406 students attending the Faculty of Medicine of the CBU. A questionnaire form composed of three sections was used to collect data. Results: The age range of study participants was 18-27 years (average age, 21.04 years),60.8% were females, and 91.4% had a nuclear family structure. When assessing overall UCLAscores according to the stage of medical education, the average scores of first-year students were found to be higher than other year groups. The results of the UCLA questionnaire demonstrated significantly higher overall scores concerning attitudes toward older persons in female students compared with male students. No significant differences in KOGAN questionnaire scoresconcerning attitudes toward older people were observed between male and female students.Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicate that attitudes toward the elderly change negatively as students progress through medical education. In addition, female students hadmore positive attitudes toward elderly patients than male students. Considering the expectationsfrom the healthcare providers of the elderly population, who are more fragile compared to normal individuals, it should be envisaged that the responsibilities of physicians have increased.

Objectives. Community based breast cancer screening has decreased breast cancer mortality in women. This study examined the predictors of nonattendence for invitational breast cancer screening in relation to socioeconomic status in the city of Manisa, in western Turkey.Study Design. For the evaluation of the reasons for refusing to participate in the study, two districts were selected. 446 women aged between 50 and 69 years were selected from the program database by systematic random sampling.Methods. The questionnaire consisted of sociodemographic variables and the adapted version of Champion's Health Belief Model Scale. Univariete and multivariete logistic regression analysis were performed throughout the data analysis.Results. Being from an urban district and being from the western region were the risk factors for not participating in the screening program (, ). A statistical significance was found between mammography-benefit, mammography-barrier and program participation (, ). Although there were many more barriers for not participating in the screening program for the women of the slum district, the attendence rate of the slum district was higher than that of the urban district.Conclusions. Increased attendance may be achieved through enhancement of breast cancer awareness and by reducing some of the modifiable barriers.

Aim: To present the long-term follow-up results of children with multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) and urinary microalbumin excretion levels in order to evaluate whether there is an increased risk of renal damage or not. Materials and methods: Thirty-three children with the diagnosis of MCDK who had been followed up by the nephrology outpatient clinic between 2002 and 2009 were invited to participate in the study. Twenty-six healthy children were investigated as a control group for microalbumin/creatinine ratio (μg/g creatinine). The mean age at diagnosis, the duration of follow-up, accompanying urinary tract abnormalities, attacks of urinary tract infection (UTI), contralateral kidney size, and urinary microalbumin levels were investigated. Results: The mean age of the patients with MCDK and the mean duration of follow-up were 6.5 ± 3.9 years and 35 months (range 2-96) months, respectively. The most common urinary tract abnormality was vesicoureteral refl ux (VUR), with a rate of 34%. Thirty-nine percent of the children experienced UTI during follow-up. The compensatory renal hypertrophy of the contralateral kidney was 24% at 6 months and 68% at 12 months. Sixteen patients (59%) had an increased microalbumin/creatinine ratio (>30 μg/mg creatinine). Microalbumin/creatinine ratio was higher in patients with MCDK than it was in the controls (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Microalbuminuria and VUR are not rare in children with MCDK. Systematic follow-up of these patients is recommended to identify those at risk of contralateral renal damage.

Background Intestinal parasitic infections affect child health and development and slow down growth, while reducing adults' productivity and work capacity. The aim of the present study was to determine and compare the incidences of intestinal parasitic infections and the socio-economic status of two near primary school children in Manisa, a western city of Turkey. Methods A total of 352 children were involved a questionnaire study from a private school (Ülkem Primary School – ÜPS, 116 children) and a community-based school (Şehzadeler Primary School – ŞPS, 236 children). Of these, stool samples could be obtained from a total of 294 students; 97 (83.6%) from ÜPS, and 197 (83.5%) from ŞPS. The wet mount preparations of the stool samples were examined; samples were also fixed in polyvinyl alcohol and examined with modified formalin ethyl acetate sedimentation and trichrome staining techniques. Data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 10.0. The chi-squared test was used for the analytic assessment. Results The percentages of the students found to be infected with intestinal parasites, were 78 (39.6%) and 13 (13.4%) in ŞPS and ÜPS, respectively. Totally 91 (31.0%) of the students from both schools were found to be infected with at least one intestinal parasite. Giardia lamblia was found to be the most common pathogenic intestinal parasite and Blastocystis hominis was prevalent independently from the hygienic conditions. The factors which significantly (p < 0.05) increase the incidence of intestinal parasites were uneducated and unemployed mother, lower social status of father, living in crowded houses with insufficient indoor spaces, using the tap water as drinking water, and living at shanty areas. Conclusion Intestinal parasitic infections in school children were found to be a public health problem that increased due to lower socio-economic conditions. We conclude that organization of education seminars including the topics such as prevention of the infectious diseases, improving general hygienic conditions, and application of supportive programs for the parents may be suggested not only to reduce intestinal parasitic infections, but also to elevate the socio-cultural levels.